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AgCl/ZnO/g-C3N4, a visible light activated ternary composite catalyst, was prepared by combining calcination, hydrothermal reaction and in-situ deposition processes to treat/photocatalyse tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) from pharmaceutical wastewater under visible light. The morphological, structural, electrical, and optical features of the novel photocatalyst were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible light absorption spectrum (UV-Vis DRS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transient photocurrent techniques. All analyses confirmed that the formation of heterojunctions between AgCl/ZnO and g-C3N4 significantly increase electron-hole transfer and separation compared to pure ZnO and g-C3N4. Thus, AgCl/ZnO/g-C3N4 could exhibit superior photocatalytic activity during TC-HCl assays (over 90% removal) under visible light irradiation. The composite could maintain its photocatalytic stability even after four consecutive reaction cycles. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (·O2) contributed more than holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to the degradation process as showed by trapping experiments. Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) was used for the representation of the TC-HCl potential degradation pathway. The applicability and the treatment potential of AgCl/ZnO/g-C3N4 against actual pharmaceutical wastewater showed that the composite can achieve removal efficiencies of 81.7%, 71.4% and 69.0% for TC-HCl, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) respectively. AgCl/ZnO/g-C3N4 can be a prospective key photocatalyst in the field of degradation of persistent, hardly-degradable pollutants, from industrial wastewater and not only.
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Tetraciclina , Aguas Residuales , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Estudios Prospectivos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Luz , Preparaciones FarmacéuticasRESUMEN
A floating bed system vegetated with Oenanthe javanica was adopted in this study to treat two types of low-pollution wastewater (LPW): polluted river water (PRW) and treated domestic wastewater (DW). The water was treated for 111 days during the low-temperature season. The results indicated that the total nitrogen (TN) removal rates were higher in the DW groups than in the PRW groups during the initial 30 days. This difference may stem from the different C/N ratio of the influent. As the water temperature rose above 15.5 °C after March 12, the purification capability of nitrogen in the DW groups was enhanced, and the removal rates of TN were 89.8 and 76.8 % in DW and the control 2 at 111 days. Conversely, the performance of total phosphorus (TP) removal was robust during the initial stage of the experiment, despite receiving domestic wastewater with a relatively high N/P ratio (16:1). The TP removal rates in DW were as high as 91.5 % compared to 78.9 % in PRW at 30 days. At the same time, the N/P ratios of plant tissue were higher in the DW groups compared to that in the PRW groups. Plant uptake played a significant role in nutrient removal in the PRW groups (52.5 % for TN, 68.2 % for TP), followed by sedimentation. In contrast, plant uptake only accounted for 25.3 % of TN removal and 24.1 % of TP removal in DW. The results provide engineering parameters for the future design of an ecological remediation technology for LPW purification.
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Biodegradación Ambiental , Frío , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Aguas Residuales/química , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Nitrógeno/análisis , Fósforo/análisis , Plantas , Ríos/química , Contaminación del Agua/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The objective of the present study is to formulate and characterize propranolol hydrochloride (PPL · HCl) gel, and to evaluate the efficacy of this formulation in transdermal treatment for superficial infantile hemangioma (IH). The transdermal PPL · HCl gel was prepared by a direct swelling method, which chose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the matrix and used terpenes plus alcohols as permeation enhancer. Permeation studies of PPL · HCl were carried out with modified Franz diffusion cells through piglet skin. Our results pointed to that among all studied permeation enhancers, farnesol plus isopropanol was the most effective combination (Q24, 6027.4 ± 563.1 µg/cm(2), ER, 6.8), which was significantly higher than that of control gel (p < 0.05). High percutaneous penetration with related lower plasma drug level of PPL · HCl gel was confirmed by microdialysis technique in rats using the homemade PPL · HCl oral solution as a control. Clinical studies also confirmed the excellent therapeutic response and few side effects of the PPL · HCl gel. These results suggest that transdermal application of the PPL · HCl gel is an effective and safe formulation in treating superficial IH.
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Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administración & dosificación , Hemangioma/tratamiento farmacológico , Propranolol/administración & dosificación , Absorción Cutánea , Administración Cutánea , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacocinética , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Animales , Química Farmacéutica , Preescolar , Método Doble Ciego , Excipientes/química , Femenino , Humanos , Derivados de la Hipromelosa/química , Lactante , Masculino , Permeabilidad , Propranolol/farmacocinética , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Piel/metabolismo , Porcinos , Terpenos/químicaRESUMEN
Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) comprises a group of rare, immune system-mediated conditions. Clinical manifestations among children are not well-characterized, and there are challenges in testing and diagnosis. This can result in treatment delays, which has been found to correlate with poorer long-term outcomes. This challenge is exacerbated by the scarcity of epidemiological reporting of AIE. The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to identify studies reporting epidemiological data on AIE in children. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) were searched in May 2023 for studies reporting on the epidemiology of AIE in children. These were supplemented with additional searches of conference proceedings, gray literature, and the reference lists of identified SLRs. Quality of studies was assessed using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Results: Forty-three publications reporting on 41 unique studies were included. Nine studies reported incidence estimates of different subtypes of AIE, with only one reporting the incidence of overall AIE in children ≤ 18 years, estimated at 1.54 per million children per year in the Netherlands. Three studies reported the incidence of pediatric N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-AIE [in United Kingdom (UK), Hong Kong, and Denmark]. The other studies reported incidence data for selected populations. Conclusion: This SLR highlights a paucity of epidemiology data for AIE in children, which is likely reflective of difficulties in testing and diagnosis. There is a clear need for further research and awareness of these challenges in clinical practice to avoid treatment delays and improve patient outcomes. A deeper understanding of the epidemiology of AIE will help determine the worldwide burden of disease and inform research, health policies and clinical decision-making.
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Nitrogen loss from rice systems is an important source of agricultural non-point source pollution. Many studies revolve around reducing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application. However, studies examining the characteristics of nitrogen loss in multiple loss paths ï¼runoff, leaching, and lateral seepageï¼ under different straw and fertilizer managements are lacking. Therefore, a study was carried out based on a rice field planted for more than 20 years with straw continuously returned to the field for more than 5 years in Taihu lake basin. The effects of straw and fertilizer managements on nitrogen loss in different paths during the whole growth period of rice were studied. Moreover, straw and fertilizer managements were evaluated by their production suitability and environmental friendliness based on crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss. The results showed that straw removal from the field increased the response sensitivity of nitrogen accumulation in plant tissue to nitrogen application. The nitrogen loss in the rice season was 9-17 kg·hm-2, accounting for 5%-7% of the nitrogen application rate. Straw removal increased the risk of nitrogen loss when soaking water discharged. Straw returning could decrease the nitrogen loss by more than 15%, though the effect of straw on nitrogen loss via lateral seepage was not clear. Furthermore, the suitable substitution of organic fertilizer ï¼30% in this studyï¼ could respectively reduce the amount of nitrogen loss via runoff, leaching, and lateral seepage by 16%, 26%, and 37% compared with the fertilizer application under the same nitrogen gradient. In conclusion, the implementation of straw returning and fertilizer type optimization measures effectively reduced the nitrogen loss for unit weight of rice production and realized the balance between agricultural production and environmental protection.
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Fertilizantes , Lagos , Nitrógeno , Oryza , Tallos de la Planta , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oryza/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , China , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo , Tallos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tallos de la Planta/química , Agricultura/métodos , Fragaria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fragaria/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aquatic products, integral to human diets, often bear a distinct fishy odor that diminishes their appeal. Currently, the formation mechanisms of these odoriferous compounds are not fully understood, complicating their effective control. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of key fishy compounds, with a focus on their formation mechanisms and innovative methods for controlling fishy odors. Fishy odors in aquatic products arise not only from the surrounding environment but also from endogenous transformations due to lipid autoxidation, enzymatic reactions, degradation of trimethylamine oxide, and Strecker degradation. Methods such as sensory masking, adsorbent and biomaterial adsorption, nanoliposome encapsulation, heat treatment, vacuum treatment, chemical reactions, and biological metabolic transformations have been developed to control fishy odors. Investigating the formation mechanisms of fishy odors will provide solid foundational knowledge that can inspire creative approaches to controlling these unpleasant odors.
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Dieta , Odorantes , HumanosRESUMEN
Photocatalytic technology emerges as a promising solution for the sustainable treatment of contaminated wastewater. However, the practical implementation of designed photocatalysts often faces challenges due to the intricate 'high carbon footprint' process and limited outdoor laboratory investigations. Herein, a simple yet versatile impregnation approach is proposed to anchor highly dispersed FeCl3 on a g-C3N4 substrate (Fe-C3N4) with minimal energy consumption and post-processing. Fe-C3N4 enhances photocatalytic reactivity for antibiotic degradation via a synergistic photo-Fenton-like oxidation technique, efficiently removing antibiotic pollutants from actual livestock wastewater. The Fe-C3N4 catalyst exhibited consistent degradation performance over five cycles in laboratory conditions, maintaining a degradation efficiency exceeding 90 % for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCHCl). Furthermore, we engineered a straightforward Fe-C3N4Na2SiO3 reactor for treating livestock wastewater, achieving an 81.8 % removal of TCHCl in outdoor field tests conducted in the winter and summer in China. The Fe-C3N4 catalyst demonstrated high feasibility in treating antibiotic-contaminated livestock wastewater under year-round climatic conditions, leveraging synergistic effects. The stabilization of Fe-C3N4 for the degradation of antibiotic-containing wastewater under sunlight represents a significant advancement in the practical application of photocatalysts, marking a crucial milestone from experimental conception to implementation. Acute toxicity estimation suggested that intermediates/products generated exhibited lower toxicity compared to TCHCl, indicating their practical applicability. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis successfully predicted significant electron transfer between Fe-C3N4 and TCHCl, indicating efficient interfacial interactions on the TCHCl surface. To ensure the environmental sustainability of Fe-C3N4, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to compared this photocatalyst with other commonly used emerging photocatalysts. The results demonstrated that Fe-C3N4 exhibits a two orders of magnitude lower CO2 equivalent emission compared to the ZnO photocatalyst, indicating a cost-effective and efficient synergistic photo-Fenton-like catalytic approach. This low-cost photocatalyst, moving from the laboratory to real-world wastewater applications, provides a powerful and more sustainable solution for the efficient treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics from livestock farming.
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Ganado , Oxidación-Reducción , Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Aguas Residuales/química , Animales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Compuestos Férricos/química , Catálisis , Hierro/química , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMEN
Adsorption technology for phosphorus (P) removal is considered promising and reutilization of post-adsorbent can contribute to promoting sustainable agricultural production. However, the long-lasting impact of the post-adsorbent on crop growth and P remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of P-adsorbed lanthanum-modified straw (La@straw-P) on the rice yield, P fractionation and associated water quality parameters. The findings indicated that, compared with traditional fertilizer regimes, La@straw-P expedited the P reduction in the flooding water achieving a rate of decline to the tertiary standard for surface water (0.20 mg/L) 3.8 times faster and enhanced increased the P harvest index by 17.00 %. Economic estimation proved the positive benefits of La@straw-P in planting-breeding combination system. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and co-occurrence network analysis (CONA) revealed that electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved Fe played primary roles in regulating total P. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and soil P fractions collectively demonstrated that the abundant adsorption sites on La@straw-P could facilitate the transformation of active P into moderately Ca-bound P. This study proposes a strategy for recycling P-adsorbed materials to mitigate agricultural non-point P pollution.
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Phosphorus (P) loss caused by the irrational use of manure organic fertilizer has become a worldwide environmental problem, which has caused a potential threat to water safety and intensified agricultural non-point source pollution. Hydrothermal carbonization is method with a low-energy consumption and high efficiency to deal with environmental problems. Application of pig manure-derived hydrochar (PMH) to soil exhibited potential of sustainable development compared with the pristine pig manure (PM). However, the effects of PMH on the distribution of P among the fractions/forms and the interaction between microorganisms and P forms and its relevance to the potential loss of P in paddy fields has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, a soil column experiment was conducted using the untreated soil (control), and the PM, PMH1 (PMH derived at 180 °C), and PMH2 (PMH derived at 260 °C) treated soils (at the dose of 0.05 %) and rice was cultivated to investigate the effects of PM and PMH on the P fractions, mobilization, ad potential loss via the induced changes on soil microbial community after a complete growing season of rice. The trend of P utilization was evaluated by P speciation via continuous extraction and 31P NMR. The addition of PMH reduced the proportion of residual P in soil by 23.8-26.3 %, and increased the proportion of HCl-P and orthophosphate by 116.2-158.6 % and 6.1-6.8 % compared to PM. The abundance of gcd gene developed after the application of PMH2, which enhanced the mobile forms of soil P utilization via secreting gluconic acid. The network diagram analysis concluded that the changes in various P forms were mainly related to Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. The results illustrated that PMH mitigate the potential risk of P loss more than PM by altering P fractions and affecting soil microbial community.
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Microbiota , Oryza , Porcinos , Animales , Suelo/química , Oryza/microbiología , Estiércol , Fósforo/análisis , Fertilizantes/análisisRESUMEN
Vibrio is a salt-tolerant heterotrophic bacterium that occupies an important ecological niche in marine environments. However, little is known about the contribution of resource diversity to the marine Vibrio diversity and community stability. In this study, we investigated the association among resource diversity, taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and community stability of marine Vibrio in the Beibu Gulf. V. campbellii and V. hangzhouensis were the dominant groups in seawater and sediments, respectively, in the Beibu Gulf. Higher alpha diversity was observed in the sediments than in the seawater. Marine Vibrio community assembly was dominated by deterministic processes. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that nitrite (NO2--N), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), ammonium (NH4+-N), and pH were the main factors affecting marine Vibrio community stability in the surface, middle, and bottom layers of seawater and sediment, respectively. Partial least-squares path models (PLS-PM) demonstrated that resource diversity, water properties, nutrients, and geographical distance had important impacts on phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity. Regression analysis revealed that the impact of resource diversity on marine Vibrio diversity and community stability varied across different habitats, but loss of Vibrio diversity increases community stability. Overall, this study provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Vibrio diversity and community stability in marine environments.
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A knowledge gap still remains concerning the in situ influences of nanoparticles on plant systems, partly due to the absence of soil microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of over 90% of land plants. This investigation sought to reveal the responses of mycorrhizal clover (Trifolium repens) to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) along a concentration gradient of each. FeONPs at 3.2 mg/kg significantly reduced mycorrhizal clover biomass by 34% by significantly reducing the glomalin content and root nutrient acquisition of AMF. In contrast, no negative effects of AgNPs at concentrations over 0.1 mg/kg were observed; however, AgNPs at 0.01 mg/kg inhibited mycorrhizal clover growth. In response to the elevated AgNPs content, the ability of AMF to alleviate AgNPs stress (via increased growth and ecological behaviors) was enhanced, which decreased Ag content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in plants. These results were further supported by X-ray microcomputed tomography. Our findings suggest that in soil ecosystem, the influence of nanometals on plant systems would be more complicated than expected, and more attention should be focused on plant responses in combination with those of soil microorganisms.
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Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Micorrizas/efectos de los fármacos , Simbiosis/efectos de los fármacos , Trifolium/efectos de los fármacos , Biomasa , Compuestos Férricos/toxicidad , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Glicoproteínas/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/toxicidad , Estrés Fisiológico , Trifolium/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The manipulation of tunneling resistance is critical for ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) devices. In this work, we propose a mechanism to manipulate tunneling resistance through interfacial charge-modulated barrier in two-dimensional (2D)n-type semiconductor/ferroelectric FTJs. Driven by ferroelectric reversal, different effective tunneling barriers are realized by the depletion or accumulation of electrons near then-type semiconductor surface in such devices. Thus, the tunneling resistance in FTJs undergoes significant changes for different polarization orientations, resulting in a giant tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect. To illustrate this idea, we construct 2D FTJs based onn-InSe/α-In2Se3van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Based on the electronic transport calculations, it is found that TER ratio can reach 4.20 × 103% in the designed FTJs. The physical origin of the giant TER effect is verified through analysis of the effective potential energy of then-InSe/α-In2Se3vdW heterostructures and the real-space transmission eigenstates of the designed FTJs. This work contributes to the knowledge of carrier tunneling mechanisms at the interface of semiconductor/In2Se3vdW heterostructures, and providing a significant insight into the TER effect of this FTJ systems, also presenting an alternative approach for the design of FTJ-based devices.
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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health security threat requiring research collaboration globally and regionally. Despite repeated calls for international research collaboration in Asia, literature analyzing the nature of collaborative AMR research in Asia has been sparse. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the AMR research network in Asia and investigate the factors influencing collaborative tie formation between organizations. Methods: We carried out a mixed-methods study by combining social network analysis (SNA) and in-depth interviews. SNA was first conducted on primary data to describe the characteristics of the AMR research network in Asia. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were then used to examine the influence of factors such as organization type, country affluence levels, regional proximity and One Health research on collaborative tie formation among organizations. In-depth interviews were conducted with network participants to provide contextual insights to the quantitative data. Results: The results reveal that the research network exhibits a core-periphery structure, where a minority of organizations have a significantly higher number of collaborations with others. The most influential organizations in the network are academic institutions from high-income countries within and outside Asia. The ERGM results demonstrate that organizations prefer to collaborate with others of similar organization types, country-based affluence levels and One Health domains of focus, but also with others across different World Health Organization regions. The qualitative analysis identified three main themes: the challenges that impede collaboration, the central role of academic institutions, and the nature of collaborations across One Health domains, giving rise to important empirical milestones in understanding AMR research in Asia. Conclusion: We thus recommend leveraging academic institutions as "integrators" to bridge differences, increasing funds channelled towards research capacity building to alleviate structural barriers to collaboration, streamlining collaborative mechanisms to overcome cumbersome administrative hurdles, and increasing efforts to establish trust between all organizations.
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Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Asia , Salud Global , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
This randomized, double-blind phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/allisartan, an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, compared with placebo in Chinese patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Eligible patients aged 18-75 years (n = 235) with mild to moderate hypertension were randomized to receive sacubitril/allisartan 120 mg (n = 52), sacubitril/allisartan 240 mg (n = 52), sacubitril/allisartan 480 mg (n = 52), placebo (n = 26) or olmesartan 20 mg (n = 53) once daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was a reduction in clinic systolic blood pressure from baseline with different doses of sacubitril/allisartan versus placebo at 8 weeks. Secondary efficacy variables included clinic diastolic blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure for the comparison between sacubitril/allisartan and placebo at 8 weeks. Safety assessments included all adverse events and serious adverse events. Sacubitril/allisartan 480 mg/day provided a significantly greater reduction in clinic systolic blood pressure than placebo at 8 weeks (between-treatment difference: -9.1 mmHg [95% confidence interval -1.6 to -16.6 mmHg], P = 0.02). There were also significant reductions in 24-h, daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure for sacubitril/allisartan 480 mg/day compared with placebo (P ≤ 0.03). Similarly, a greater reduction in daytime systolic blood pressure was observed for sacubitril/allisartan 240 mg/day compared with placebo (between-treatment difference: -7.3 mmHg [95% confidence interval -0.5 to -14.0 mmHg], P = 0.04). Sacubitril/allisartan was well tolerated, and no cases of angioedema were reported. Sacubitril/allisartan is effective for the treatment of hypertension in Chinese patients and is well tolerated.
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Antihipertensivos , Hipertensión Esencial , Humanos , Antihipertensivos/efectos adversos , Presión Sanguínea , Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial , Método Doble Ciego , Combinación de Medicamentos , Hipertensión Esencial/tratamiento farmacológico , Tetrazoles/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , AncianoRESUMEN
Antimicrobial Resistance is recognized as a major threat to global health security. The WHO Southeast Asia region is dubbed a "global hub for AMR emergence", as it runs the highest risk for AMR emergence among all WHO regions in Asia. Hence, there is a need for Asia-centric, collaborative AMR research aligned with the true needs and priorities of the region. This study aimed to identify and understand the challenges and opportunities for such collaborative endeavors to enhance equitable partnerships. This qualitative study adopted an interpretative approach involving a thematic analysis of 15 semi-structured interviews with AMR experts conducting research in the region. The study identified several factors influencing research collaborations, such as the multi-dimensional nature of AMR, limited or lack of funds, different AMR research priorities in Asian countries, absence of Asia-centric AMR leadership, lack of trust and, unequal power relationships between researchers, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in research collaborations. It also identified some opportunities, such as the willingness of researchers to collaborate, the formation of a few networks, and the prioritization by many academics of the One Health paradigm for framing AMR research. Participants reported that the initiation of stronger cross-discipline and cross-country networks, the development of Asia-centric AMR leadership, flexible research agendas with shared priorities, transparent and transferable funds, and support to enhance research capacity in LMICs could assist in developing more equitable collaborative research in Asia.
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In this study, La(OH)3 nanoparticles were immobilized on C3N4 to effectively restrict their aggregation and subsequently enhance the La utilization efficiency to promote phosphate adsorption. The prepared La(OH)3-C3N4 nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET and Zeta potential analysis. Batch and continuously-fed (fixed-bed column) experiments to assess the adsorption performance of La(OH)3-C3N4 showed that the composite exhibits superior utilization efficiency, resulting to relatively quick adsorption with a short equilibrium time of 30 min. The theoretical maximum P adsorption capacity reached the 148.35 mg·g-1, efficiency that remained unaffected by the anions and HA present. The adsorption mechanism showed stability in a wide pH range (4.0-11.0) and is considered effective even after extensive use (five-cycles). The dynamics of the adsorption capacity and the half-penetration time values were estimated by 'Thomas' and 'Yoon-Nelson' models showed that are better represented from the experimental values obtained from the fixed-bed column trial. The adsorption mechanisms were attributed to surface precipitation, electrostatic attraction, and inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange. Furthermore, La(OH)3-C3N4 demonstrated high efficiency in scavenging phosphate from both diluted and concentrated wastewater (natural pond and swine wastewater respectively). The above confirm that La(OH)3-C3N4 is a promising composite material for phosphate management in aqueous environments.
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Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Animales , Cinética , Lantano , Fosfatos , PorcinosRESUMEN
AIMS: Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathological feature of glioblastoma (GBM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is confirmed to be abnormally elevated in the pathogenesis of GBM, causing BBB pathological disruption, which further allows the leakage of neurotoxic blood-derived molecules into the central nervous system (CNS), interfering brain homeostasis and leading to poor patient outcome. Since BBB is an integral and pivotal part of the brain microenvironment, which strongly supports the occurrence and the pathological progression of GBM, here we have selected the VEGFR antagonist axitinib as a BBB functional regulator and hypothesized to regulate pathological BBB restoration for GBM effective treatment. METHODS: The pathological BBB cell model was constructed to investigate the timeliness and dose effect of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration. In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of axitinib regulating pathological BBB restoration for anti-GBM treatment, the orthotropic GBM-bearing mice model was established for in vivo study, and bioluminescent imaging was used to real-time and noninvasively monitor tumor growth response in vivo, and survival time was also recorded. RESULTS: Axitinib under non-cytotoxic dosage regulated pathological BBB restoration in a time-dependent mode, and multiple intervention of axitinib could realize a visible restoration of pathological BBB in vitro. Moreover, axitinib treatment restored pathological BBB in orthotropic GBM-bearing mice. We further confirmed that functional restoration of pathological BBB with axitinib had certain curative effect in prolonging median survival of orthotropic GBM-bearing mice at non-cytotoxic dosages in vivo. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of axitinib involved in BBB functional regulation in the treatment of GBM is first illuminated in this report; moreover, this is the first report first referring to regulating pathological BBB functional recovery for GBM effective therapeutics. Overall, the view of regulating pathological BBB functional recovery may offer a novel sight for other CNS diseases relating to BBB permeability effective therapeutics.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Animales , Axitinib/farmacología , Axitinib/uso terapéutico , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Ratones , Microambiente Tumoral , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
A novel Mg-La-Fe ternary (hydr)oxide magnetic zeolite adsorbent (MLFZ) was prepared using the hydrothermal method and employed for effective phosphate removal in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the MLFZ presented an amorphous surface with Mg, Fe, and La dispersed on the surface of the zeolite. The isothermal adsorption and kinetics results showed that the adsorption behavior of the MLFZ was consistent with that of the Langmuir isothermal model and quasi-second-order kinetics model. A relatively fast adsorption of phosphate with a short equilibrium time of 30 min was observed in the kinetics experiment, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the MLFZ was 13.46 mg·g-1 in the equilibrium adsorption isotherm study. The MLFZ showed effective adsorption performance over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 9.0. Moreover, the coexisting ions had an insignificant effect on phosphate adsorption. The MLFZ could easily be recovered using a magnet. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the phosphate removal efficiency was maintained at approximately 90%. The FTIR, XPS, and Zeta potential analysis confirmed that the adsorption mechanisms were attributed to the surface deposition, electrostatic adsorption, and the inner complex formation by ligand exchange between lanthanum and phosphate. Furthermore, the MLFZ demonstrated high efficiency in scavenging phosphate from a natural pond (phosphate concentration decreased from 0.86 mg·L-1 to 0.013 mg·L-1), indicating that the MLFZ was an ideal material for phosphate management and treatment.
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Aguas Residuales , Zeolitas , Lantano , Óxidos , FosfatosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of single ascending doses (SAD) and multiple ascending doses (MAD) of S086 in healthy Chinese volunteers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase I clinical trial enrolled 113 subjects, including 65 subjects in the SAD (60-1080 mg) study and 48 subjects in the MAD study (180-720 mg). The safety, PK (sacubitril, LBQ657, and EXP3174) and PD (MAD study: blood pressure, pulse) of S086 were assessed. RESULTS: There were no deaths, serious adverse events, or discontinuations due to TEAEs, and there were no significant safety concerns associated with S086. PK parameters for sacubitril, LBQ657, and EXP3174 increased in a dose-dependent manner after single oral doses of S086. Plasma concentrations of sacubitril, LBQ657, and EXP3174 were maintained at steady state within 5 days of once-daily oral administration of S086. In the MAD study, S086 administration was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The safety and PK profile profiles of S086 support the use of S086 240 mg once daily in a future Phase II study in patients with heart failure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered at chinadrugtrials.org.cn (CT.gov identifier: CTR20182350 and CTR20182351).
Asunto(s)
Neprilisina , Receptores de Angiotensina , Administración Oral , Aminobutiratos , Antihipertensivos , Antivirales , Compuestos de Bifenilo , China , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Voluntarios Sanos , HumanosRESUMEN
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is known as a green biomass conversion technology. However, it often suffers from the issue of disposing hydrothermal carbonization aqueous products (HCAP). Based on the characterization and composition of acidic HCAP, a rice paddy soil column experiment was conducted to observe the effects of HCAP on ammonia (NH3) volatilization form paddy soil and rice yield. The experiment was designed with five treatments. HCAPs were produced at 220 °C and (SHC220-L) and 260 °C (SHC260-L) derived from poplar sawdust, HCAP produced at 220 °C (WHC220-L) and 260 °C (WHC260-L) derived from wheat straw, and a control group without HCAP application (termed CKU hereafter). The results showed that HCAP treatments increased the rice yield by 4.30%-26.0% compared to CKU. HACPs prepared at lower temperatures (SHC220-L and WHC220-L) mitigated the cumulative NH3 volatilization by 11.2% and 7.6%, respectively, and mitigated yield-scale NH3 volatilization (cumulative NH3 volatilization/total yield) by 14.2% â¼ 22.4%. HCAP significantly improved the N use efficiency of rice. We found that the NH3 volatilization was related to NH4+-N concentration and pH of surface water, soil TOC and NH4+-N oxidation functional genes. This study implied that HCAP could be potentially used as a liquid fertilizer, which will be a potential substitute for chemical N fertilizers. There is still a long way before HCAP can be applied in full-scale for N fertilizer reduction and waste recycle.