RESUMEN
6p duplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that frequently manifests renal complications, including proteinuria, hypoplastic kidney, and hydronephrosis. We report a girl with the syndrome, manifesting left hydronephrosis, proteinuria/hematuria, and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) resulting in chronic end-stage renal failure, successfully treated with renal transplantation. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization showed the derivative chromosome 6 to have a 6.4-Mb duplication at 6p25.3-p25.1 with 32 protein-coding genes and a 220-Kb deletion at 6p25.3 with two genes of no possible relation to the renal pathology. Review of the literature shows that variation of renal complications in the syndrome is compatible with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). FSGS, observed in another patient with 6p duplication syndrome, could be a non-coincidental complication. FOXC1, located within the 6.4-Mb duplicated region at 6p25.3-p25.2, could be a candidate gene for CAKUT, but its single gene duplication effect would not be sufficient. FSGS would be a primary defect associated with duplicated gene(s) albeit no candidate could be proposed, or might occur in association with CAKUT.
Asunto(s)
Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/genética , Hidronefrosis/genética , Proteinuria/genética , Trisomía , Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico , Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Biopsia , Niño , Bandeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Humanos Par 6 , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Facies , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hidronefrosis/diagnóstico , Riñón/anomalías , Riñón/patología , Proteinuria/diagnóstico , Síndrome , Ultrasonografía , Sistema Urinario/anomalíasRESUMEN
2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome is a recently characterized chromosomal aberration disorder uncovered through array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Although the cardinal feature is intellectual disability (ID), neurodevelopmental features of the syndrome have not been systematically reviewed. We present a 5-year-old boy with severe psychomotor developmental delay/ID, progressive microcephaly with brain atrophy, growth retardation, and several external anomalies. He manifested intractable epilepsy, effectively treated with combined antiepileptic drug therapy including topiramate. Array CGH demonstrated a de novo interstitial deletion of approximately 1 Mb at 2q23.1-q23.2, involving four genes including MBD5. Nineteen patients have been reported to have the syndrome, including present patient. All patients whose data were available had ID, 17 patients (89%) had seizures, and microcephaly was evident in 9 of 18 patients (50%). Deletion sizes ranged from 200 kb to 5.5 Mb, comprising 1-15 genes. MBD5, the only gene deleted in all patients, is considered to be responsible for ID and epilepsy. Furthermore, the deletion junction was sequenced for the first time in a patient with the syndrome; and homology of three nucleotides, identified at the distal and proximal breakpoints, suggested that the deletion might have been mediated by recently-delineated genomic rearrangement mechanism Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS)/microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR).
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 2/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Convulsiones/genética , Eliminación de Secuencia , Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Preescolar , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/genética , Fructosa/análogos & derivados , Fructosa/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/genética , Masculino , Microcefalia/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , TopiramatoRESUMEN
Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA) is a rare inflammatory disease classified as a subtype of chronic childhood arthritis, manifested by spiking fever, erythematous skin rash, pericarditis and hepatosplenomegaly. The genetic background underlying s-JIA remains poorly understood. To detect disease-related copy number variations (CNVs), we performed single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis in 50 patients with s-JIA. We detected many CNVs, but most of them were inherited from either of normal-phenotype parents. However, in one patient, we could identify two de novo microduplications at 19q13.42 with the size of 77 and 622 kb, separated by a 109-kb segment of normal copy number. The duplications encompass NLRP family (NLRP2, NLRP9 and NLRP11) as well as IL11 and HSPBP1, all of which have an important role in inflammatory pathways. These genes may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of s-JIA.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Artritis Juvenil/genética , Duplicación Cromosómica/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 19/genética , Familia de Multigenes/genética , Adolescente , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disorder characterized by amenorrhea and elevated serum gonadotropins before 40 years of age. As X chromosomal abnormalities are often recognized in POF patients, defects of X-linked gene may contribute to POF. Four cases of POF with t(X;autosome) were genetically analyzed. All the translocation breakpoints were determined at the nucleotide level. Interestingly, COL4A6 at Xq22.3 encoding collagen type IV alpha 6 was disrupted by the translocation in one case, but in the remaining three cases, breakpoints did not involve any X-linked genes. According to the breakpoint sequences, two translocations had microhomology of a few nucleotides and the other two showed insertion of 3-8 nucleotides with unknown origin, suggesting that non-homologous end-joining is related to the formation of all the translocations.