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1.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol ; 43(12): 1641-1646, 2016 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27771781

RESUMEN

A novel whole cell cascade for double oxidation of cyclooctane to cyclooctanone was developed. The one-pot oxidation cascade requires only a minimum of reaction components: resting E. coli cells in aqueous buffered medium (=catalyst), the target substrate and oxygen as environmental friendly oxidant. Conversion of cyclooctane was catalysed with high efficiency (50% yield) and excellent selectivity (>94%) to cyclooctanone. The reported oxidation cascade represents a novel whole cell system for double oxidation of non-activated alkanes including an integrated cofactor regeneration. Notably, two alcohol dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus brevis and from Rhodococcus erythropolis with opposite cofactor selectivities and one monooxygenase P450 BM3 were produced in a coexpression system in one single host. The system represents the most efficient route with a TTN of up to 24363 being a promising process in terms of sustainability as well.


Asunto(s)
Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Ciclooctanos/química , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/química , Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/biosíntesis , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Biocatálisis , Reactores Biológicos , Evolución Molecular Dirigida , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Levilactobacillus brevis/enzimología , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/biosíntesis , Oxidación-Reducción , Rhodococcus/enzimología
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 21(1): 32-37, 2017 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28157462

RESUMEN

SETTING: Eight health facilities in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To determine tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates and associated factors among adolescents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (ALHIV). DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. Adolescents enrolled in HIV care between January 2005 and 31 December 2013 constituted the study population. The main outcome variable was TB diagnosis during follow-up. Baseline World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage, CD4 count, previous history of TB and use of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) were the main independent variables. We estimated TB incidence rates as incident cases per 100 person-years of observation (PYO). Cox regression analysis was used to control for confounders. RESULTS: Of the 1221 adolescents screened, 1072 were studied; 60.1% were girls. TB incidence rate was 16.32 per 100 PYO during pre-antiretroviral therapy (pre-ART) follow-up but declined to 2.25 per 100 PYO after initiation of ART. Advanced WHO clinical stage (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.71, 95%CI 1.69-4.33) and CD4 count <350 cells/µl (aHR 2.28, 95%CI 1.10-4.81) predicted TB incidence in the pre-ART cohort. IPT use was associated with a significant reduction in TB incidence in the ART cohort, but not in the pre-ART group. CONCLUSION: Although TB was a significant problem in ALHIV, timely administration of ART and IPT had a significant protective effect.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Niño , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Incidencia , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto Joven
3.
AIDS ; 7(9): 1255-9, 1993 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8216984

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether deaths among Haitian infants born to HIV-1-seronegative women could be distinguished from deaths among children born to HIV-1-seropositive women using the verbal autopsy technique. METHODS: Mothers of 315 Haitian children who died were interviewed about events leading to the child's death. Three physicians independently reviewed interview data and determined the probable cause of death without knowledge of maternal HIV-1 status or hospital records. The underlying causes of death assigned to the infants were analyzed to determine whether maternal HIV status could be predicted. RESULTS: There was good agreement among the physicians (kappa = 0.62) and 90% agreement between hospital records and the verbal autopsy diagnosis. Compared with children born to HIV-1-seronegative women, deaths in children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers were more likely to be ascribed to a presumptive diagnosis of AIDS (37 versus 21%; P = 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of verbal autopsies for identifying deaths associated with maternal HIV-1 infection ranged from 37 to 59% and from 69 to 79%, respectively, depending on the classification system used. The predictive positive value of a death believed to be consistent with pediatric HIV-1 infection was 26-30% and the predictive negative value was 85-90%. CONCLUSION: Verbal autopsies may be useful for distinguishing certain causes of death, but have limited utility for distinguishing deaths associated with maternal HIV-1 infection from deaths among children born to HIV-1-seronegative women.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/mortalidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/patología , Autopsia/métodos , Causas de Muerte , Preescolar , Femenino , Seropositividad para VIH , Haití/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
4.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988) ; 7(1): 68-73, 1994 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7903381

RESUMEN

Breast milk specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative women were examined for the presence of HIV-1 p24 antigen by the antigen capture method and for viral DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. HIV-1 DNA was present in 70% of milk specimens collected from 47 HIV-seropositive women 0-4 days after delivery and in approximately 50% of specimens collected 6 and 12 months postpartum. p24 antigen, present in 24% of milk specimens collected from 37 seropositive women within the first 4 days postpartum, was not detected in any of the subsequent specimens. The presence of HIV-1 DNA or p24 antigen in milk was not significantly associated with maternal CD4 lymphocyte count, beta 2-microglobulin level, or fulfillment of the AIDS clinical case definition. Although the correlation of either HIV-1 proviral DNA or p24 antigen with the presence of infectious virus is not known, these data indicate the need for additional studies examining the role of breastfeeding in maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1.


Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/análisis , Proteína p24 del Núcleo del VIH/análisis , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Leche Humana/microbiología , Lactancia Materna , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos , Femenino , Proteína p24 del Núcleo del VIH/sangre , Infecciones por VIH/microbiología , Seropositividad para VIH/sangre , Seropositividad para VIH/microbiología , VIH-1/genética , VIH-1/inmunología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recuento de Leucocitos , Leche Humana/inmunología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Periodo Posparto , Microglobulina beta-2/análisis
5.
Pediatrics ; 95(3): 414-8, 1995 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7862483

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of complications following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination among children by maternal and infant HIV-1 infection status as part of an investigation of an outbreak of BCG complications. METHODS: A nonconcurrent cohort study of BCG complications among 125 infants born to HIV-1 seropositive and 166 infants born to HIV-1 seronegative mothers was conducted in Cité Soleil, Haiti. Infants were examined at regular intervals until 15 months of age, and complications from BCG were documented. An investigation of BCG vaccination practices was conducted. RESULTS: Mild or moderate complications occurred among 16 of 166 (9.6%) infants born to HIV-1 seronegative mothers compared with 4 of 13 HIV-1-infected infants (30.8%, P = .04) and 10 of 75 (13.3%, P = .39) uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. No serious complications were noted. The outbreak of complications was associated with administration of 2.0 to 2.5 times the recommended dose of BCG vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: This and five other cohort studies indicate that there may be a small increased risk of complications following BCG vaccination among HIV-1-infected children, but the reactions are usually mild and the risk does not outweigh the benefits of BCG vaccination in populations at high risk of tuberculosis during infancy and childhood.


Asunto(s)
Vacuna BCG/efectos adversos , Infecciones por VIH , Seropositividad para VIH , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Seronegatividad para VIH , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa
6.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 38(1): 125-9, 1988 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3277457

RESUMEN

Patent infections with the lymphatic filariae, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, are associated with suppressed in vitro cellular responsiveness to filarial antigens. In studies of bancroftian filariasis in Haiti, a significant number of microfilaremic individuals can be characterized as "responders" to filarial antigens. Cells from 37/74 untreated microfilaremic subjects responded to B. pahangi antigen (stimulation ratio greater than 2) as detected by in vitro blastogenesis. A comparison of responders to nonresponders revealed a significant difference in mean B. pahangi reactivity (15,822 vs. 4,538 cpm, P less than 0.001), but no significant differences with respect to age, microfilaremia, PPD or PHA reactivity, or B. pahangi-specific antibody levels. Subtle differences may exist between these groups with respect to recognition of specific antigens on Western blots.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Brugia/inmunología , Filariasis Linfática/inmunología , Filariasis/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/biosíntesis , Haití , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Activación de Linfocitos , Microfilarias/inmunología , Wuchereria bancrofti/inmunología
7.
Semin Perinatol ; 18(6): 510-6, 1994 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7701353

RESUMEN

The benefits of breast milk have been well delineated, and breastfeeding should be encouraged whenever possible. However, the potential transmission of HIV-1, HTLV-1, and possibly HTLV-II warrant the recommendation that women in industrialized countries who are infected with these viruses not breastfeed their infants. These recommendations reflect what is currently known about the risks of viral transmission through breastfeeding; ongoing and future studies may provide additional data, enabling a better definition of the precise risks and factors associated with the transmission of viruses through breastfeeding.


Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Leche Humana/virología , Virosis/transmisión , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/transmisión , Femenino , VIH-1 , VIH-2 , Infecciones por HTLV-I/transmisión , Infecciones por HTLV-II/transmisión , Hepatitis B/transmisión , Hepatitis C/transmisión , Humanos , Recién Nacido
8.
AIDS Educ Prev ; 10(1): 46-62, 1998 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9505098

RESUMEN

A cultural feasibility study is defined as one that investigates scientific as well as ethical, behavioral, and social issues in the design of clinical trials. The value of such a broadly defined assessment is illustrated through the presentation of two case studies conducted to prepare for clinical trials to reduce maternal-infant HIV transmission on Cité Soleil, Haiti. The first study addressed issues surrounding a trial of breast-feeding and exclusive bottle-feeding among HIV seropositive mothers. The second study focused on the implementation of a double-blind trial of HIV immune globulin and standard immune globulin to be administered to infants of seropositive mothers shortly after birth. Both cases used focus group interviews with mothers and in-depth interviews with key informants to investigate AIDS-related beliefs, acceptability of trial participation, risks to subjects, and community reactions and repercussions to the trial. Findings point to the difficulties posed by attempts to conduct trial involving complex research designs in socially disadvantaged populations. Recommendations highlight the need to consider the community-wide impact of a trial, and the need to undertake extensive educational preparation of participants to ensure informed consent and adherence to protocols.


PIP: Cultural feasibility studies use ethnographic methods to explore ethical, behavioral, and social issues inherent in the design of proposed clinical trials. This approach was applied in advance of clinical trials aimed at reducing maternal-infant HIV transmission in Cite Soleil, Haiti. The first focused on conditions that would be necessary to conduct a trial of breast feeding versus exclusive bottle feeding by HIV-positive mothers; the second investigated the feasibility of a double-blind trial of administration of a high- titer antibody preparation--HIV immune globulin (HIVIG)--to infants of seropositive mothers shortly after birth. Study methods included focus group discussions with mothers and in-depth interviews with key informants about AIDS-related beliefs, acceptability of trial participation, risks to subjects, and community repercussions. Concerns identified included the potential negative effect on breast feeding promotion efforts in Haiti, the scarcity of economic means to sustain safe bottle feeding, the risk of being labeled HIV-positive by virtue of study participation, the potential for the HIVIG trial to reinforce the misconception that a vaccine effective against AIDS exists, and problems explaining the concept of a double-blind study and accepting random assignment to treatment and control groups. As a result of these studies, it was decided to conduct the infant feeding study in a community with higher rates of exclusive bottle feeding and lower infant mortality than exist in Cite Soleil. The HIVIG trial could be conducted, but only after extensive community education to ensure informed consent. An objective assessment of subject comprehension was developed for this purpose.


Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/normas , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Alimentación con Biberón , Lactancia Materna/efectos adversos , Preescolar , Comprensión , Grupos Control , Características Culturales , Método Doble Ciego , Ética Médica , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Haití , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Entrevistas como Asunto , Embarazo , Medición de Riesgo
9.
J Child Neurol ; 10(2): 77-87, 1995 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7782613

RESUMEN

In the second segment of this three-part review of parasitic infections of the central nervous system in children, we consider parasitic infections which typically involve various tissues and organs in addition to the brain and spinal cord. Parasites capable of dissemination in immunocompetent hosts are discussed first, and, as in Part I, organisms are grouped according to their predominant geographic location. This is followed by a discussion of the unique aspects of toxoplasmosis, strongyloidiasis and infection with microsporidia in immunocompromised patients, with an emphasis on the central nervous system.


Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Parasitarias/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/patología , Adolescente , Animales , Encéfalo/patología , Encefalopatías/patología , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Filariasis/diagnóstico , Filariasis/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Malaria Cerebral/diagnóstico , Malaria Cerebral/patología , Masculino , Microsporidiosis/diagnóstico , Microsporidiosis/patología , Enfermedades Parasitarias/patología , Plasmodium falciparum , Médula Espinal/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/patología , Estrongiloidiasis/diagnóstico , Estrongiloidiasis/patología , Toxocariasis/diagnóstico , Toxocariasis/patología , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Cerebral/patología , Triquinelosis/diagnóstico , Triquinelosis/patología
10.
J Child Neurol ; 10(3): 177-90, 1995 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7642886

RESUMEN

In the last part of this three-part review of parasitic infections of the central nervous system in children, we consider parasites which due to their size, distribution, or the nature of the host response, tend to cause focal lesions in the brain and spinal cord and therefore present as space-occupying lesions which occasionally mimic malignant tumors. As in Parts I and II, infections are grouped according to their predominant geographic area. Such infections include cysticercosis, one of the more common and important infections of the central nervous system.


Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Parasitarias/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/patología , Encefalopatías/patología , Encefalopatías/terapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Enfermedades Parasitarias/patología , Enfermedades Parasitarias/terapia , Médula Espinal/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/patología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/terapia , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/patología
11.
J Adolesc Health ; 15(2): 179-85, 1994 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8018693

RESUMEN

METHODS: From June 1989 to April 1991, 394 adolescents aged 10-18 years randomly selected upon admission at a state shelter in Belo Horizonte, Brazil underwent health history interview, physical examination, serology for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis, and stool examination. Participants were classified as street-based youths (n = 195) or home-based youths (n = 199). The age distribution was similar in both groups, although males were overrepresented among street-based youths (79.5% versus 62.3%). RESULTS: Compared with home-based youths, street-based youths reported earlier onset (p = 0.009) and higher rates of sexual activity (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.3), sexual abuse (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.2-10.1), and sexually transmitted diseases (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.6). Overall condom use was low in both groups. Street-based youths were 7.8 times more likely to use drugs than home-based youths (95% CI, 4.9-12.7). Inhalants and marijuana were the more commonly used drugs. Intravenous drug use was low. CONCLUSIONS: Although chronic malnutrition and multiple parasitosis were common findings in both groups, street-based youths were more likely to present disorders related to trauma and poor hygienic conditions. Antibodies to HIV were detected in four (2%) street-based youths and in none of the home-based youths. This study confirms that street youths are at higher risk for HIV infection than their home-based peers and indicates a need for HIV prevention programs targeting this population.


Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estado de Salud , Personas con Mala Vivienda , Pobreza , Asunción de Riesgos , Adolescente , Distribución por Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Morbilidad , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de Riesgo
12.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 74(1): 26-31, 1988 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3219801

RESUMEN

Histamine is known to mediate potent immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte function. In jirds infected with Brugia pahangi decreased mitogen and parasite antigen responsiveness are associated with the presence of histamine binding regulatory cells. The present study was thus designed to investigate the immunoregulatory role of histamine in experimental filariasis. Spleen cells from normal or B. pahangi infected jirds were incubated with BSA or histamine coupled Sepharose beads and the degree of cell-bead binding was quantitated. Cells from infected jirds demonstrated increased levels of histamine, but not BSA binding relative to normal cells, and this binding was blocked by soluble histamine or by the histamine receptor antagonist cimetidine. Cimetidine failed to restore the in vitro responsiveness of spleen cells from infected jirds to phytohemagglutinin or to a soluble extract of B. pahangi. Cimetidine did, however, reverse histamine-induced suppression of normal spleen cell responses to PHA. The present results suggest that histamine does not play a major role in the immunoregulatory alterations induced by B. pahangi infection.


Asunto(s)
Cimetidina/farmacología , Filariasis/inmunología , Tolerancia Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Brugia , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Gerbillinae , Histamina/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Receptores Histamínicos/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo
13.
J Infect Dis ; 166(2): 418-20, 1992 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1321862

RESUMEN

Antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc), and VDRL antibodies (serologic evidence of syphilis) were evaluated in women known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (n = 95) or human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) (n = 45) and controls (n = 89). HIV-1-seropositive women were more likely than controls to have antibodies to HSV-2 (88% vs. 54%; P less than .001), anti-HBc (67% vs. 43%; P = .008), and VDRL antibodies (21% vs. 8%; P = .02). Similarly, HTLV-I-seropositive women were more likely than controls to have antibodies to HSV-2 (82% vs. 54%; P = .003) and anti-HBc (67% vs. 43%; P = .008). There was no evidence that HIV-1 or HTLV-I predisposed to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The stronger associations between HIV-1 and HTLV-I with HSV-2 than the associations with syphilis or HBV are consistent with the hypothesis that recurrent disruptions of mucous membranes caused by HSV-2 infections predispose to sexual transmission of HIV-1 and HTLV-I.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por HTLV-I/complicaciones , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Sífilis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , VIH-1 , Anticuerpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangre , Haití/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Herpes Simple/complicaciones , Humanos , Prevalencia , Simplexvirus/inmunología , Sífilis/complicaciones , Serodiagnóstico de la Sífilis
14.
J Infect Dis ; 166(1): 194-8, 1992 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1607696

RESUMEN

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results in decreased cell-mediated immunity, which includes decreased delayed hypersensitivity to skin test antigens. HIV-1 seropositivity and skin test reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) were determined among 2042 healthy Haitian adults with normal chest radiographs. Among HIV-1-seropositive individuals, 52.3% (146/279) had PPD reactions greater than or equal to 10 mm compared with 67.2% (1184/1763) of the seronegative adults (P less than .001). However, the percentage of HIV-1-seropositive individuals with PPD reactions greater than or equal to 5 mm was similar to the percentage of seronegative adults with PPD reactions greater than or equal to 10 mm (180/279 [64.5%] vs. 1184/1763 [67.2%]). Assuming that the rate of prior infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was similar for HIV-1-seronegative and -seropositive populations, these data provide support for the recent recommendations to use induration of greater than or equal to 5 mm as evidence of past infection with M. tuberculosis in HIV-1 seropositive adults.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , VIH-1 , Prueba de Tuberculina , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Tardía , Inmunidad Celular , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/inmunología
15.
Lancet ; 343(8894): 390-1, 1994 Feb 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7905554

RESUMEN

Maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1 occurs in 13-40% of pregnancies. Studies on transmission of maternal immunity to HIV antigens have used antigens from viruses not representative of clinical isolates and have been conflicting. Using a consensus peptide sequence based on HIV isolates found in Haiti, we found that Haitian mothers who transmitted infection to their offspring had significantly higher mean concentrations of IgG1 antibodies to the V3 loop of the primary neutralising domain of the viral envelope (gp 160) than non-transmitters (p = 0.02). Concentrations of IgA antibody to this domain were similar in transmitters and non-transmitters.


Asunto(s)
Productos del Gen env/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , VIH-1/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , Precursores de Proteínas/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Femenino , Proteínas gp160 de Envoltorio del VIH , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Humanos , Inmunidad Materno-Adquirida , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Lactante , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Embarazo
16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9928729

RESUMEN

Vitamin A supplementation has been suggested for treatment and prevention of HIV infection. However, some in vitro data indicate that vitamin A may activate HIV. Randomly, 40 HIV-seropositive women of reproductive age were allocated to receive a single oral dose of 9900 micromol (300,000 IU) vitamin A or placebo. Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, total lymphocytes, selected lymphocyte subsets and activation markers, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Candida were measured before dosing and at various time points over an 8-week follow-up period. No differences were found between treatment groups in the frequency of signs or symptoms of acute vitamin A toxicity, nor were differences evident in any lymphocyte subset or activation marker at any time during follow-up. Mean and median viral load concentration at each time point and change in viral load from baseline to each follow-up point did not differ between treatment groups. No difference was measured between treatment groups in the proportion of women who responded to PHA or Candida. This study provides no evidence that high dose vitamin A supplementation of HIV-infected women is associated with significant clinical or immunologic adverse effects.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Viral/sangre , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Vitamina A/efectos adversos
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