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1.
Int Ophthalmol ; 44(1): 5, 2024 Feb 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38315276

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the value of the orbital septum attachment site on the levator aponeurosis (OSASLA) sling in correcting mild congenital blepharoptosis. METHODS: A total of 60 patients (92 eyes) with mild congenital blepharoptosis (levator function ≥ 8 mm) were treated in our hospital from January to October 2021, and relevant data of these patients were collected. All patients underwent OSASLA sling for ptosis correction. The distances from the superior tarsal border to the OSASLA were measured. The primary outcome was the number of postoperative changes in the marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1). Pearson's correlation coefficient between the distance from the superior tarsal border to the OSASLA and the height of the upper eyelid elevated was analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (89 eyes) successfully underwent OSASLA sling surgery. The preoperative MRD1 was 1.4-3.6 mm (mean 2.1 ± 0.5 mm), and the postoperative MRD1 was 3.4-5.0 mm (mean 3.7 ± 0.6 mm). The distance from the superior tarsal border to the OSASLA sling was significantly and positively correlated with the height of the upper eyelid elevation (r = 0.7328, P < 0.0001). The eyelid margin positions of the patients did not regress substantially during 6-18 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the shortening of levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) and pleating of LPS, the OSASLA sling is a less invasive, more effective, and easy-operating surgery for mild congenital blepharoptosis.


Asunto(s)
Blefaroplastia , Blefaroptosis , Humanos , Blefaroptosis/congénito , Aponeurosis/cirugía , Lipopolisacáridos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento
2.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 24(1): 631, 2023 Aug 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37537571

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to clarify the attachment types of the tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) in Japanese fixed cadavers and to determine the attachment site area in three dimensions. METHODS: We examined 100 feet from 50 Japanese cadavers. The TAT was classified according to differences in the number of fiber bundles as: Type I, with one fiber bundle; Type II, with two fiber bundles; and Type III, with three fiber bundles. The attachment site area of the TAT was measured using a three-dimensional scanner. RESULTS: Cases were Type II in 95% and Type III in 5%, with no cases of Type I identified. In Type II, mean attachment site areas were 85.2 ± 18.2 mm2 for the medial cuneiform bone (MCB) and 72.4 ± 19.0 mm2 for the first metatarsal bone (1 MB), showing a significantly larger area for MCB than for 1 MB. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the possibility of ethnic differences in TAT attachment types and suggest that TAT attachments in Japanese individuals are highly likely to be Type II, with rare cases of Type III. Accurate measurement of attachment site areas is possible with appropriate three-dimensional measurements.


Asunto(s)
Músculo Esquelético , Tendones , Humanos , Tobillo , Pie , Cadáver
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(12)2022 Jun 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35743219

RESUMEN

Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous species comprising highly pathogenic, weakly pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Previous data suggest that gene exchange may occur in Yersinia. Only scarce information exists about temperate phages of Y. enterocolitica, even though many prophage sequences are present in this species. We have examined 102 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains for the presence of inducible prophages by mitomycin C treatment. Ten phages were isolated from nine strains belonging to the bio (B)/serotypes (O) B2/O:5,27, B2/O:9 and 1B/O:8. All phages are myoviruses showing lytic activity only at room temperature. Whole-genome sequencing of the phage genomes revealed that they belong to three groups, which, however, are not closely related to known phages. Group 1 is composed of five phages (type phage: vB_YenM_06.16.1) with genome sizes of 43.8 to 44.9 kb, whereas the four group 2 phages (type phage: vB_YenM_06.16.2) possess smaller genomes of 29.5 to 33.2 kb. Group 3 contains only one phage (vB_YenM_42.18) whose genome has a size of 36.5 kb, which is moderately similar to group 2. The host range of the phages differed significantly. While group 1 phages almost exclusively lysed strains of B2/O:5,27, phages of group 2 and 3 were additionally able to lyse B4/O:3, and some of them even B2/O:9 and 1B/O:8 strains.


Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos , Yersinia enterocolitica , Bacteriófagos/genética , Especificidad del Huésped , Análisis de Secuencia , Yersinia/genética , Yersinia enterocolitica/genética
4.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 21: 155-170, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32185697

RESUMEN

Proteoglycans regulate important cellular pathways in essentially all metazoan organisms. While considerable effort has been devoted to study structural and functional aspects of proteoglycans in vertebrates, the knowledge of the core proteins and proteoglycan-related functions in invertebrates is relatively scarce, even for C.elegans. This nematode produces a large amount of non-sulfated chondroitin in addition to small amount of low-sulfated chondroitin chains (Chn and CS chains, respectively). Until recently, 9 chondroitin core proteins (CPGs) had been identified in C.elegans, none of which showed any homology to vertebrate counterparts or to other invertebrate core proteins. By using a glycoproteomic approach, we recently characterized the chondroitin glycoproteome of C.elegans, resulting in the identification of 15 novel CPG core proteins in addition to the 9 previously established. Three of the novel core proteins displayed homology to human proteins, indicating that CPG and CSPG core proteins may be more conserved throughout evolution than previously perceived. Bioinformatic analysis of the primary amino acid sequences revealed that the core proteins contained a broad range of functional domains, indicating that specialization of proteoglycan-mediated functions may have evolved early in metazoan evolution. This review specifically discusses our recent data in relation to previous knowledge of core proteins and GAG-attachment sites in Chn and CS proteoglycans of C.elegans and humans, and point out both converging and diverging aspects of proteoglycan evolution.


Asunto(s)
Caenorhabditis elegans , Proteoglicanos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteoglicanos Tipo Condroitín Sulfato/genética , Sulfatos de Condroitina , Humanos , Proteoglicanos/genética
5.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res ; 47(5): 1735-1742, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33590569

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of circular suture at placental attachment site for refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), which could block blood supply of the serosa and myometrium layer. METHODS: Eighty cases of refractory PPH were enrolled and retrospective analyzed in this study for further analysis from a consecutive single center database between 2010 and 2018. After undergoing circular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium layer around placental attachment site, surgical and perioperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Among all the patients enrolled, 28 cases (35.0%) of refractory PPH were mainly caused by uterine inertia, 36 cases (45.0%) caused by ectopic placenta, and 2 cases (2.5%) caused by coagulation disorders. After circular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium layer at placental attachment site, all the uterine active bleeding was controlled below 40 ml without recurrence. The perioperative results were similar between the vaginal and cesarean sections groups. CONCLUSIONS: Circular suture of the uterine serosa and myometrium at the placental attachment site could control refractory PPH with few postoperative complications. Circular suture around placenta site could be applied in time to protect the endometrium even in primary hospital.


Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Posparto , Femenino , Humanos , Miometrio/cirugía , Placenta , Hemorragia Posparto/cirugía , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Técnicas de Sutura , Suturas
6.
J Hum Evol ; 107: 14-18, 2017 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28526286

RESUMEN

Studies of ancient human skeletal remains frequently proceed from the assumption that individuals with robust limb bones and/or rugose, hypertrophic entheses can be inferred to have been highly physically active during life. Here, we experimentally test this assumption by measuring the effects of exercise on limb bone structure and entheseal morphology in turkeys. Growing females were either treated with a treadmill-running regimen for 10 weeks or served as controls. After the experiment, femoral cortical and trabecular bone structure were quantified with µCT in the mid-diaphysis and distal epiphysis, respectively, and entheseal morphology was quantified in the lateral epicondyle. The results indicate that elevated levels of physical activity affect limb bone structure but not entheseal morphology. Specifically, animals subjected to exercise displayed enhanced diaphyseal and trabecular bone architecture relative to controls, but no significant difference was detected between experimental groups in entheseal surface topography. These findings suggest that diaphyseal and trabecular structure are more reliable proxies than entheseal morphology for inferring ancient human physical activity levels from skeletal remains.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Fémur/anatomía & histología , Carrera/fisiología , Animales , Densidad Ósea , Huesos/anatomía & histología , Diáfisis/anatomía & histología , Diáfisis/fisiología , Femenino , Fémur/fisiología , Fósiles/anatomía & histología , Humanos
7.
Microb Cell Fact ; 16(1): 5, 2017 Jan 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28052753

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Efforts to construct the Streptomyces host strain with enhanced yields of heterologous product have focussed mostly on engineering of primary metabolism and/or the deletion of endogenous biosynthetic gene clusters. However, other factors, such as chromosome compactization, have been shown to have a significant influence on gene expression levels in bacteria and fungi. The expression of genes and biosynthetic gene clusters may vary significantly depending on their location within the chromosome. Little is known about the position effect in actinomycetes, which are important producers of various industrially relevant bioactive molecules. RESULTS: To demonstrate an impact of the chromosomal position effect on the heterologous expression of genes and gene clusters in Streptomyces albus J1074, a transposon mutant library with randomly distributed transposon that includes a ß-glucuronidase reporter gene was generated. Reporter gene expression levels have been shown to depend on the position on the chromosome. Using a combination of the transposon system and a φC31-based vector, the aranciamycin biosynthetic cluster was introduced randomly into the S. albus genome. The production levels of aranciamycin varied up to eightfold depending on the location of the gene cluster within the chromosome of S. albus J1074. One of the isolated mutant strains with an artificially introduced attachment site produced approximately 50% more aranciamycin than strains with endogenous attBs. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrate that expression of the reporter gene and aranciamycin biosynthetic cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074 varies up to eightfold depending on its position on the chromosome. The integration of the heterologous cluster into different locations on the chromosome may significantly influence the titre of the produced substance. This knowledge can be used for the more efficient engineering of Actinobacteria via the relocation of the biosynthetic gene clusters and insertion of additional copies of heterologous constructs in a suitable chromosomal position.


Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Bacterianos , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Streptomyces/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Familia de Multigenes , Streptomyces/ultraestructura
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 17(4): 561, 2016 Apr 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27089329

RESUMEN

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprised of a desirable monoclonal antibody, an active cytotoxic drug and an appropriate linker are considered to be an innovative therapeutic approach for targeted treatment of various types of tumors and cancers, enhancing the therapeutic parameter of the cytotoxic drug and reducing the possibility of systemic cytotoxicity. An appropriate linker between the antibody and the cytotoxic drug provides a specific bridge, and thus helps the antibody to selectively deliver the cytotoxic drug to tumor cells and accurately releases the cytotoxic drug at tumor sites. In addition to conjugation, the linkers maintain ADCs' stability during the preparation and storage stages of the ADCs and during the systemic circulation period. The design of linkers for ADCs is a challenge in terms of extracellular stability and intracellular release, and intracellular circumstances, such as the acid environment, the reducing environment and cathepsin, are considered as the catalysts to activate the triggers for initiating the cleavage of ADCs. This review discusses the linkers used in the clinical and marketing stages for ADCs and details the fracture modes of the linkers for the further development of ADCs.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/química , Inmunoconjugados/química , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inmunoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Modelos Moleculares , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico
9.
J Med Entomol ; 52(3): 315-9, 2015 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26334804

RESUMEN

An examination of ectoparasite loads in two populations of wild diademed sifakas, Propithecus diadema Bennett, yielded seven species-four mite species, a louse, a hippoboscid fly, and a leech. Prevalence of the tick Haemaphysalis lemuris Hoogstraal, the mites Liponyssella madagascariensis (Hirst) and Lemuralges propithecus Bochkov et al., and the louse Trichophilopterus babakotophilus Stobbe was quite high, at least 20%. H. lemuris was the most common ectoparasite in one population, while completely absent in a second one. When present, the most common attachment site for H. lemuris males was in the nares of their hosts.


Asunto(s)
Ácaros y Garrapatas/fisiología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Insectos/fisiología , Sanguijuelas/fisiología , Strepsirhini , Animales , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/epidemiología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/parasitología , Madagascar/epidemiología , Prevalencia
10.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2819: 225-240, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39028509

RESUMEN

Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins are important factors in regulation of transcription, in nucleoid structuring, and in homeostasis of DNA supercoiling. Vice versa, transcription influences DNA supercoiling and can affect DNA binding of nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) such as H-NS in Escherichia coli. Here we describe genetic tools to study the interplay between transcription and nucleoid-associated proteins in E. coli. These methods include construction of genomic and plasmidic transcriptional and translational lacZ reporter gene fusions to study regulation of promoters; insertion of promoter cassettes to drive transcription into a locus of interest in the genome, for example, an H-NS-bound locus; and construction of isogenic hns and stpA mutants and precautions in doing so.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Transcripción Genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Genes Reporteros , Plásmidos/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética
11.
N Biotechnol ; 77: 20-29, 2023 Nov 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37348756

RESUMEN

As a global regulatory mechanism, carbon catabolite repression allows bacteria and eukaryal microbes to preferentially utilize certain substrates from a mixture of carbon sources. The mechanism varies among different species. In Pseudomonas spp., it is mainly mediated by the Crc-Hfq complex which binds to the 5' region of the target mRNAs, thereby inhibiting their translation. This molecular mechanism enables P. putida to rapidly adjust and fine-tune gene expression in changing environments. Hfq is an RNA-binding protein that is ubiquitous and highly conserved in bacterial species. Considering the characteristics of Hfq, and the widespread use and rapid response of Crc-Hfq in P. putida, this complex has the potential to become a general toolbox for post-transcriptional multiplex regulation. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that transplanting the pseudomonal catabolite repression protein, Crc, into E. coli causes multiplex gene repression. Under the control of Crc, the production of a diester and its precursors was significantly reduced. The effects of Crc introduction on cell growth in both minimal and rich media were evaluated. Two potential factors - off-target effects and Hfq-sequestration - could explain negative effects on cell growth. Simultaneous reduction of off-targeting and increased sequestration of Hfq by the introduction of the small RNA CrcZ, indicated that Hfq sequestration plays a more prominent role in the negative side-effects. This suggests that the negative growth effect can be mitigated by well-controlled expression of Hfq. This study reveals the feasibility of controlling gene expression using heterologous regulation systems.


Asunto(s)
Represión Catabólica , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas putida , Pseudomonas putida/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , ARN Bacteriano/química , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Bacteriano/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteína de Factor 1 del Huésped/genética , Proteína de Factor 1 del Huésped/metabolismo
12.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1273462, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37795299

RESUMEN

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199843.].

13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36554392

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was not only to examine the attachment site but also to quantify the effect of the tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) on each attachment site by examining the surface area of the attachment region. METHODS: We examined 100 feet from 50 Japanese cadavers. The TPT attachment to the navicular bone (NB), medial cuneiform bone (MCB), and lateral cuneiform bone (LCB) were set as the main attachment sites (Type I). The attachment seen in Type I with the addition of one additional site of attachment was defined as Type II. Furthermore, surface area was measured using a three-dimensional scanner. RESULTS: Attachment to the NB, MCB, and LCB was present in all specimens. The TPT attachment to the NB, MCB, and LCB comprised 75.1% of total attachment surface area. The ratio of the NB, MCB, and LCB in each type was about 90% in Types II and III, and 70-80% in Types IV-VII. CONCLUSION: The quantitative results demonstrated the NB, MCB, and LCB to be the main sites of TPT attachment, although individual differences in attachment sites exist, further developing the findings of previous studies.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Huesos Tarsianos , Humanos , Tendones/cirugía , Pie , Huesos Tarsianos/cirugía , Tibia , Cadáver
14.
Orthop J Sports Med ; 10(5): 23259671221091332, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35571965

RESUMEN

Background: A deeper understanding of the anatomy of the intercondylar notch of the femur may help reduce technical errors during anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purposes: To classify the number of ridges on the lateral intercondylar wall, identify factors influencing the number of ridges, and define the relationship between the area of denser bone on the lateral intercondylar wall and the lateral intercondylar ridge. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Included were 89 patients with computed tomography (CT) images of the knee joint. On full lateral view of the lateral femoral condyle, the authors evaluated for the presence of a lateral intercondylar ridge. The height and area of the lateral intercondylar wall (notch height and lateral notch area) and the length of Blumensaat line were calculated. Notch outlet length, axial notch area, notch width index, and transepicondylar length were also calculated using 3-dimensional CT. Maximum intensity projection was used to identify the area of denser bone on the femoral lateral intercondylar wall, and the relationship between this area and the lateral intercondylar ridge was investigated. Results: The lateral intercondylar ridge exhibited 3 types of morphological variations. The invisible type (no ridge) was observed in 20 knees (22.5%); the ridge type (1 ridge), in 23 knees (25.8%); and the plateau type (2 ridges), in 46 knees (51.7%). There were significant differences in notch height, lateral notch area, Blumensaat line length, and denser bone area among the ridge types (P ≤ .031 for all). The locations of the anterior ridge of the plateau type and of all 23 ridges of the ridge type corresponded to the anterior margin line of the area of denser bone. Conclusion: Significant differences were seen in the 3 types of lateral intercondylar ridges. The anterior margin line of the denser bone area on the lateral intercondylar wall was found to correspond to the anterior border of the plateau type and the ridge type. Clinical Relevance: The variations in the lateral intercondylar ridge may affect measurement accuracy during evaluation of ACL tunnel position while using the ridge as a landmark. The plateau-type ridge and the area of denser bone on the lateral intercondylar wall may provide a new way for surgeons to determine the femoral tunnel.

15.
J Agric Food Chem ; 70(33): 10239-10247, 2022 Aug 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35960546

RESUMEN

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. The probiotic and endotoxin-free characteristics of EcN support its potential to be developed into a microbial expression system. With this aim, in this study, the powerful T7 expression system was constructed in the cryptic plasmid-free EcN (EcNP) to generate the T7 expression host ENL6P. The concept of multiple copies of gene expression cassettes regulated by the chromosomal T7 promoter was promoted due to plasmid instability issues with protein production in ENL6P. The integration of multiple phage attachment sites (IMPACT) system, which combined Cre-lox72, CRIM, and lambda red recombinase systems, was designed to simplify the manipulation and achieve the multiple φ80 bacterial attachment sites (attB) in ENL6P to generate the new strain ENL6PP4 with four φ80 attB sites. The strain can simultaneously integrate four copies of gene expression cassettes in the chromosome to produce recombinant proteins. The IMPACT systems incorporated several tools in gene editing to rapidly achieve more robust and stable microbial strains for research and various industrial applications.


Asunto(s)
Sitios de Ligazón Microbiológica , Escherichia coli , Cromosomas , Cromosomas Bacterianos , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Plásmidos/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas
16.
Micron ; 152: 103178, 2022 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34801958

RESUMEN

Anti-diatom testing is a basic method to evaluate the anti-fouling performance of coatings. Many existing results of anti-diatom performances are evaluated based on their attachment number or coverage area, ignoring the influence of the crawling and adhesion behavior of diatoms on the analysis results. Here, a Folium Sennae-like film with multiple structural units was prepared by considering the influence of diatom attachment behaviors on the analysis results. The anti-diatom performances of different parts (divided and called four parts: edge, surface, cross striation, and vertical pattern) on the Folium Sennae-like film were evaluated using the counting and area methods. Obviously, the anti-diatom performance of the Folium Sennae-like film was superior to that of epoxy resin without structure. Under equal areas, the average numbers of diatoms on the cross striation and the vertical pattern were similar to the surface. It was found that the attachment behavior of Halamphora sp. is affected by microstructure units, rather than the combined structure of which the scale is much larger than that of diatoms. Meanwhile, the average attachment area for the unit number of diatoms was calculated. The diatom attachment area without microstructure, surface, cross striation, or vertical pattern was 81.751, 106.950, 73.904, and 84.376 µm2, respectively. Moreover, the static and dynamic motion behaviors of Halamphora sp. were studied, and the theory for Halamphora sp. attachment was modeled in three dimensions. The variable morphology of Halamphora sp. lead to inaccurate results for diatom analyses based on the counting and area methods, which is summarized here. This study discusses the evaluation method of coatings by anti-diatom performance, further promoting the research of diatoms in the field of antifouling.


Asunto(s)
Diatomeas , Hojas de la Planta
17.
Matrix Biol ; 111: 289-306, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35840015

RESUMEN

Proteoglycans (PGs), a class of carbohydrate-modified proteins, are present in essentially all metazoan organisms investigated to date. PGs are composed of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to various core proteins and are important for embryogenesis and normal homeostasis. PGs exert many of their functions via their GAG chains and understanding the details of GAG-ligand interactions has been an essential part of PG research. Although PGs are also involved in many diseases, the number of GAG-related drugs used in the clinic is yet very limited, indicating a lack of detailed structure-function understanding. Structural analysis of PGs has traditionally been obtained by first separating the GAG chains from the core proteins, after which the two components are analyzed separately. While this strategy greatly facilitates the analysis, it precludes site-specific information and introduces either a "GAG" or a "core protein" perspective on the data interpretation. Mass-spectrometric (MS) glycoproteomic approaches have recently been introduced, providing site-specific information on PGs. Such methods have revealed a previously unknown structural complexity of the GAG linkage regions and resulted in identification of several novel CSPGs and HSPGs in humans and in model organisms, thereby expanding our view on PG complexity. In light of these findings, we discuss here if the use of such MS-based techniques, in combination with various functional assays, can also be used to expand our functional understanding of PGs. We have also summarized the site-specific information of all human PGs known to date, providing a theoretical framework for future studies on site-specific functional analysis of PGs in human pathophysiology.


Asunto(s)
Glicosaminoglicanos , Proteoglicanos , Animales , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Glicosilación , Humanos , Proteoglicanos/metabolismo
18.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 167(3): 425-433, 2022 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34637363

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Inverted papilloma (IP) is the most common benign neoplasm of the nasal cavity with known risk of recurrence. There is no standardized approach to definitive treatment for attachment sites. This systematic review aims to determine whether surgeon choice of technique differs by anatomic attachment site and whether different surgical techniques contribute to reduced rates of recurrence. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Ovid Medline. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review was conducted for studies reporting on IP. Those that included IP recurrence rates and primary tumor attachment site were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 122 published studies, 14 met eligibility criteria, representing 585 patients and a recurrence rate of 5.8%. The maxillary sinus (50.9%) was the most common primary attachment site, and the sphenoid sinus was associated with the highest rate of recurrence (10.4%). The most utilized technique included debulking the tumor, removing mucosa over the attachment site, and drilling the underlying bone. The most common Krouse stage represented was T3 (53.3%). No single technique predicted a propensity for recurrence, but certain techniques are favored depending on IP attachment site. Finally, frozen sections to obtain evidence of clear margins intraoperatively significantly reduced rates of recurrence (3.4% vs 7.3%, P = .045). CONCLUSION: Based on the current literature, the most common technique to address site of attachment involves resecting mucosa and drilling the tumor base. Choice of technique appears to differ for various sites of attachment. Use of intraoperative frozen section analysis appears to be associated with decreased recurrence overall. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.


Asunto(s)
Papiloma Invertido , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales , Endoscopía/métodos , Humanos , Seno Maxilar , Cavidad Nasal/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Papiloma Invertido/patología , Papiloma Invertido/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/patología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Seno Esfenoidal
19.
Synth Syst Biotechnol ; 7(3): 1002-1011, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35782483

RESUMEN

Genomic integration of genes and pathway-sized DNA cassettes is often an indispensable way to construct robust and productive microbial cell factories. For some uncommon microbial hosts, such as Mycolicibacterium and Mycobacterium species, however, it is a challenge. Here, we present a multiplexed integrase-assisted site-specific recombination (miSSR) method to precisely and iteratively integrate genes/pathways with controllable copies in the chromosomes of Mycolicibacteria for the purpose of developing cell factories. First, a single-step multi-copy integration method was established in M. neoaurum by a combination application of mycobacteriophage L5 integrase and two-step allelic exchange strategy, the efficiencies of which were ∼100% for no more than three-copy integration events and decreased sharply to ∼20% for five-copy integration events. Second, the R4, Bxb1 and ΦC31 bacteriophage Att/Int systems were selected to extend the available integration toolbox for multiplexed gene integration events. Third, a reconstructed mycolicibacterial Xer recombinases (Xer-cise) system was employed to recycle the selection marker of gene recombination to facilitate the iterative gene manipulation. As a proof of concept, the biosynthetic pathway of ergothioneine (EGT) in Mycolicibacterium neoaurum ATCC 25795 was achieved by remodeling its metabolic pathway with a miSSR system. With six copies of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of EGT and pentose phosphate isomerase (PRT), the titer of EGT in the resulting strain in a 30 mL shake flask within 5 days was enhanced to 66 mg/L, which was 3.77 times of that in the wild strain. The improvements indicated that the miSSR system was an effective, flexible, and convenient tool to engineer the genomes of Mycolicibacteria as well as other strains in the Mycobacteriaceae due to their proximate evolutionary relationships.

20.
Parasit Vectors ; 14(1): 404, 2021 Aug 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34391460

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Ticks are common on horses, but recent publications characterizing equine tick infestations in North America are lacking. METHODS: To further understand attachment site preferences of common ticks of horses, and to document the seasonality of equine tick infestation in northeastern Oklahoma, horses from eight farms were evaluated twice a month over a 1-year period. Each horse was systematically inspected beginning at the head and moving caudally to the tail. Attachment sites of ticks were recorded and all ticks collected were identified to species and stage. RESULTS: Horses (26 males and 62 females) enrolled in the study ranged in age from 1 to 23 years (mean = 12, 95% CI 11-13). A total of 2731 ticks were collected; 84.1% (74/88) of the horses were infested (median = 3 ticks) at one or more examinations. Five tick species were identified, including Amblyomma americanum (78.2%; 2136/2731), Ixodes scapularis (18.2%; 497/2731), Dermacentor albipictus brown variant (2.6%; 71/2731), Dermacentor variabilis (0.7%; 20/2731), and Amblyomma maculatum (0.3%; 7/231). Most ticks were adults (83.6%; 2282/2731), but immature A. americanum (436/2136; 20.4%), D. albipictus (12/71; 16.9%), and A. maculatum (n = 1) were occasionally recovered. Amblyomma americanum were most often attached to the inguinal area, and I. scapularis and D. albipictus were most commonly found on the chest and axillary region (P < 0.0001). Ticks were found on horses in every month of the year. The largest number of ticks (638/2731; 23.4%) were collected in May (P < 0.0001). Amblyomma americanum, primarily immature, was the only tick recovered in September, I. scapularis and D. albipictus predominated October through February, and both A. americanum and I. scapularis were common in March. In the warmer months, April through August, A. americanum was the most common tick, followed by D. variabilis and A. maculatum. CONCLUSIONS: This research confirms that ticks common on horses in North America have attachment site preferences and that ticks infest horses in Oklahoma throughout the year, including during the winter. Additional research is warranted to fully understand the risk these infestations pose to equine health.


Asunto(s)
Amblyomma/fisiología , Dermacentor/fisiología , Caballos/anatomía & histología , Ixodidae/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Animales , Femenino , Cabeza/parasitología , Caballos/parasitología , Masculino , Cuello/parasitología , Oklahoma/epidemiología , Tórax/parasitología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología
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