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As the global population continues to grow, the demand for sustainable and nutritious food sources has never been higher [...].
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Protein allergens is a health risk for consumption of soybeans. To understand allerginicity mechanism, T cell epitopes of 7 soybean allergens were predicted and screened by abilities to induce cytokine interleukin (IL) 4. The relationships among amino acid composition, properties, allergenicity, and pepsin hydrolysis sites were analyzed. Among the 138 T cell epitopes identified, YIKDVFRVIPSEVLS, KDVFRVIPSEVLSNS, DVFRVIPSEVLSNSY of Gly m 6.0501 (P04347), and AKADALFKAIEAYLL, ADALFKAIEAYLLAH of Gly m 4.0101 (P26987) were the most possible epitope candidates. In T cell epitopes pattern, the frequencies of amino acids Q, D, E, P, and G decreased, while F, I, N, V, K, H, A, L, and S increased. Hydrophobic residues at positions p1 and p2 and positively charged residues in positions p13 might contribute to allergenicity. Most of epitopes could be hydrolyzed by pepsin into small polypeptides within 12 residues length, and the anti-digestive epitope regions contained I, V, S, N, and Q residues. T cell epitopes EEQRQQEGVIVELSK from Gly m 5.03 (P25974) showed resistance to pepsin hydrolysis and would cause a higher Th2 cell response. This research provides basis for the development of hypoallergenic soybean products in the soybean industry as well as for the immunotherapy design for protein allergy.
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Antígenos de Plantas/química , Epitopos de Linfócito T/química , Glycine max/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , Proteínas de Soja/química , Biologia Computacional , Mapeamento de EpitoposRESUMO
The low-temperature roasting of sesame oil has become increasingly popular because of its nutritional benefits; however, the flavor is reduced. In order to improve the quality of sesame oil without exogenous addition, sesame meal was hydrolyzed and further used to prepare Maillard reaction products (MRPs) while protease hydrolysis (PH) and glucoamylase-protease hydrolysis (GPH) were used, and their respective Maillard products (PHM and GPHM) were added in the oils for reducing sugar and total sugar content determination, free amino acid determination, and color and descriptive sensory analysis, as well as electronic nose, SPME-GC-MS, odor activity value, and oxidative stability analyses. Results showed that the MRPs could be produced using the enzymatically hydrolyzed sesame meal without exogenous addition, and the oil flavor blended with GPHM (GPHM-SO) was significantly (p < 0.05) improved with the best sensory quality. The composition of pyrazines (119.35 µg/mL), furans (13.95 µg/mL), and sulfur substances (6.25 µg/mL) contributed positively to sensory properties in GPHM-SO, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine were characterized as the key flavor compounds with odor activity values of 7.01, 14.80, and 31.38, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the oil was significantly improved with the addition of MRPs, and the shelf life of GPHM-SO was predicted to be extended by 1.9 times more than that of the crude oil based on the accelerated oxidation fitting analysis. In general, the MRPs derived only from sesame meal can enhance the flavor and oxidative stability of sesame oil and can be applied in the oil industry.
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Óleo de Gergelim , Sesamum , Óleo de Gergelim/química , Sesamum/química , Temperatura Alta , Açúcares , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/análise , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Estresse Oxidativo , Reação de MaillardRESUMO
In the present work, we prepared Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from enzyme hydrolyzed soybean meal with ultrasound assistance in an oil-(oxidized lard)-in-water system (UEL-MRPs) or oil-free system (UN-MRPs), and the effect of ultrasound on the properties of the obtained MRPs was evaluated. The analysis of fatty acids in lard with different treatments showed that ultrasound can generate more unsaturated fatty acids in the aqueous phase. The UV-Vis absorbances of UEL-MRPs, UN-MRPs, and MRPs obtained in an oil-in-water system (EL-MRPs) and MRPs obtained in an oil-free system (N-MRPs) at 294 and 420 nm indicated that ultrasound could increase the amount of Maillard reaction intermediates and melanoids in the final products of the Maillard reaction. This was in line with the result obtained from color change determination-that ultrasound can darken the resultant MRPs. Volatile analysis showed ultrasound can not only increase the number of volatile substances, but also greatly increase the composition of volatile substances in UEL-MRPs and UN-MRPs, especially the composition of those contributing to the flavor of the MRPs, such as oxygen-containing heterocycles, sulfur-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Descriptive sensory evaluation revealed that UN-MRPs and UEL-MRPs had the highest scores in total acceptance, ranking in the top two, and UEL-MRPs had the strongest meaty flavor among these four kinds of MRPs. Furthermore, the measurements of antioxidant activities, including DPPH radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, were conducted, showing that UN-MRPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among all the MRPs.
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Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Glycine max , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/química , Antioxidantes/química , Reação de Maillard , ÁguaRESUMO
In this paper, we present a simple and label-free colorimetric biosensor for detection of the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator in genetically modified (GM) plants. The "signal on" colorimetric biosensor was developed using a nanocomposite consisted of gold nanoparticles doped magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au NP), capture probe DNA (cDNA), and hemin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (H-GN). The nanocomposite was successfully prepared by means of Au-S bonds and the strong π interactions between cDNA and H-GN. The sensing approach is based on the excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity of H-GN and its different electrostatic interactions with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In presence of the target NOS, the cDNA in the nanocomposite will hybridize with its complementary sequence, and form dsDNA structure. Due to the weak π interactions between dsDNA and H-GN, a portion of H-GN will be released from the surface of Fe3O4@Au NPs and transferred into solution. After magnetic separation was performed, the supernatant was incubated with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The released H-GN can catalyze the oxidation reaction of TMB and turn the colorless solution blue. This "signal-on" colorimetric biosensor shows a broad linear range of 0.5-100 nM for the target NOS, with a 0.19 nM detection limit. The application of the biosensor for determination of NOS segments in samples of GM and non-GM tomatoes shows that it can discriminate between GM and non-GM plants. The reliability of the method for samples of NOS-spiked GM tomato suggests satisfactory recoveries in the range of 93.6%-94.2%.
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Aminoácido Oxirredutases/análise , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Colorimetria , Aminoácido Oxirredutases/genética , Aminoácido Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Compostos Férricos/química , Ouro/química , Grafite/química , Hemina/química , Humanos , Oxirredução , Tamanho da Partícula , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
A selective and sensitive fluorescence biosensor is described for determination of microRNA-167 using fluorescent resonant energy transfer (FRET) strategy. The FRET system comprises carbon dots (CDs, donor) labeled with probe DNA (pDNA) and polydopamine (PDA)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA NPs, acceptor). The CDs-pDNA can be absorbed onto the surface of Fe3O4@PDA NPs because of the strong π interaction between pDNA and PDA. With the enhanced adsorption ability of Fe3O4@PDA NPs by Ca2+, the fluorescence intensity of CDs at 445 nm (excitation at 360 nm) is quenched. In presence of microRNA-167, the hybridized complex of CDs-pDNA-microRNA-167 will be released from the surface of Fe3O4@PDA NPs due to the weak π interaction of the complex and PDA. This results in the fluorescence recovery of CDs. By application of twice-magnetic separation, the biosensor shows a wide linear range of 0.5-100 nM to microRNA-167 with a 76 pM detection limit. The method was applied to the determination of microRNA-167 in samples of total microRNA extractions from A. thaliana seedlings, and the recoveries ranged from 96.4 to 98.3%.
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Cálcio/química , Carbono/química , Sondas de DNA/química , Indóis/química , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , MicroRNAs/análise , Polímeros/química , Pontos Quânticos/química , Arabidopsis/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Fluorescência , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência , Íons/químicaRESUMO
Antioxidative peptides were produced from false abalone (Volutharpa ampullacea perryi) using enzymatic hydrolysis. Trypsin produced the most bioactive hydrolysates with the highest scavenging ABTS+⢠free radicals compared to pepsin, alcalase, neutrase, and flavourzyme. The response surface methodology studies on trypsin hydrolysis indicated that the hydrolysis temperature, time, and pH were interacted with each other (p < 0.05), and the optimal conditions were hydrolysis at 51.8 °C for 4.1 h, pH 7.7 and the maximum predicted hydrolysis degree was 13.18% and ABTS+⢠scavenging activity of 79.42%. The optimized hydrolysate was subjected to ultrafiltration fractionation, and the fraction with MW < 3 kDa showed the highest ABTS+⢠scavenging activity. There were 193 peptide sequences identified from this peptide fraction and 133 of them were successfully docked onto human myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme involved in forming reactive oxidants in vivo. The highest scored peptide, no. 39, consists of DTETGVPT. Its structure and molecular interactions with MPO active site were compared with previously characterized peptide hLF1-11. The interactions between peptide no. 39 and MPO include electrostatic charge, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds. The antioxidative peptide produced in this research may exert antioxidant activity in vivo due to its potential inhibition effect on MPO.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Gastrópodes/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/química , Domínio Catalítico/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres , Humanos , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Hidrólise , Modelos Moleculares , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Peso Molecular , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Peroxidase/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/químicaRESUMO
A selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for simultaneous detection of phytohormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA). The sensing interface was fabricated on a porous, three-dimensional networked graphene hydrogel (GH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrocatalytic behavior of IAA and SA on the surface of the modified electrode (GH/GCE) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. Results show that the oxidation reactions of IAA and SA occur at different potentials, which enable their simultaneous detection at the sensing interface. Under optimal conditions, the GH/GCE exhibited good selectivity and stability and its response, unaffected by various interferents, was linear in the range of 4 to 200 µM of IAA and SA. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) achieved were 1.42 µM for IAA and 2.80 µM for SA. The sensor performance was validated by measuring for IAA and SA in real vegetable samples with satisfactory results.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence of lectin allergic disease is increasing in recent decades, and definitive treatment is still lacking. Identification of B and T-cell epitopes of allergen will be useful in understanding the allergen antibody responses as well as aiding in the development of new diagnostics and therapy regimens for lectin poisoning. In the current study, we mainly addressed these questions. METHODS: Three-dimensional structure of the lectin from black turtle bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was modeled using the structural template of Phytohemagglutinin from P. vulgaris (PHA-E, PDB ID: 3wcs.1.A) with high identity. The B and T-cell epitopes were screened and identified by immunoinformatics and subsequently validated by ELISA, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine profile analyses. RESULTS: Seven potential B-cell epitopes (B1 to B7) were identified by sequence and structure based methods, while three T-cell epitopes (T1 to T3) were identified by the predictions of binding score and inhibitory concentration. The epitope peptides were synthesized. Significant IgE binding capability was found in B-cell epitopes (B2, B5, B6 and B7) and T2 (a cryptic B-cell epitope). T1 and T2 induced significant lymphoproliferation, and the release of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine confirmed the validity of T-cell epitope prediction. Abundant hydrophobic amino acids were found in B-cell epitope and T-cell epitope regions by amino acid analysis. Positively charged amino acids, such as His residue, might be more favored for B-cell epitope. CONCLUSION: The present approach can be applied for the identification of epitopes in novel allergen proteins and thus for designing diagnostics and therapies in lectin allergy.
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Epitopos de Linfócito B/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Lectinas/imunologia , Phaseolus/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Linfócitos B/citologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Epitopos de Linfócito B/química , Epitopos de Linfócito T/química , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-5/metabolismo , Lectinas/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Legume lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin. Significant amounts of lectins have been found in Phaseolus vulgaris beans as far back as in the last century; however, many questions about their potential biological roles still remain obscure. Studies have shown that lectins are anti-nutritional factors that can cause intestinal disorders. Owing to their ability to act as toxic allergens and hemagglutinins, the Phaseolus vulgaris lectins are of grave concern for human health and safety. Nonetheless, their potential beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), anti-microbial infection, preventing mucosal atrophy, reducing type 2 diabetes and obesity, promoting nutrients absorption and targeting drugs, are of immense interest. The significance of Phaseolus vulgaris lectins in biological researches and the potential biomedical applications have placed tremendous emphasis on the development of purification strategies to obtain the protein in pure and stable forms. These purification strategies entail considerations such as effects of proteolysis, heating, gamma radiation, and high-hydrostatic-pressure that can have crucial outcomes in either eliminating or improving bioactivities of the lectins. Thus, up-to-date research findings of Phaseolus vulgaris lectins on different aspects such as anti-nutritional and health impacts, purification strategies and novel processing trends, are systematically reviewed.
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Dieta , Promoção da Saúde , Fito-Hemaglutininas/administração & dosagem , Fito-Hemaglutininas/toxicidade , Animais , Fármacos Anti-HIV , Anti-Infecciosos , Anticarcinógenos , Digestão , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Humanos , Imunidade , Enteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Fito-Hemaglutininas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The pressure of the recovered sample is intricately connected to seawater temperature, the recovery velocity, and the pressure of the pre-charged gas. To better understand the sample pressure dynamics during the sampling recovery process, we focus on a gas-tight sediment sampler, delving into its pressure-compensation and pressure-retaining mechanisms. A comprehensive thermal and thermodynamic analysis is conducted throughout the entire pressure-retaining sampling process, examining the temporal variations in the temperatures of seawater and nitrogen within the sampler at various descending velocities. The heat transfer and thermodynamics are examined throughout the entire pressure-retaining sampling process to determine how changes in the temperatures of seawater and nitrogen, as well as the descent velocity, affect the pressure-retaining performance. The influence of pre-charging pressure and recovery velocities on the pressure-retaining performance of the sampler is examined. Then the proposed numerical model was well verified by the ultra-high-pressure vessel experiments of the sampler under 115 MPa. Finally, the sea trial results further verified the accuracy of the numerical model.
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In this study, six types of amino acids (Ala, Phe, Glu, Gly, Ser, and Lys) were combined with glucose to produce Maillard reaction products (MRPs) named G-Ala, G-Phe, G-Glu, G-Gly, G-Ser and G-Lys. The effect of MRPs on bread staling was evaluated through texture and sensory analyses during storage. Furthermore, the study comprehensively analyzed the anti-staling mechanisms of MRPs by examining moisture content, starches, and gluten network changes. The results indicated that G-Gly and G-Glu delayed bread staling, with G-Gly showing the most significant effect. Compared with control, the staling rate and starch crystallinity of G-Gly bread decreased by 24.07% and 7.70%, respectively. Moreover, G-Gly increased the moisture content (3.48%), weakly bound water mobility (0.77%), and α-helix content (1.00%) of bread. Component identification and partial least squares regression further confirmed the aldonic acid, heterocyclic acids and heterocyclic ketones in MRPs inhibit water evaporation, gluten network loosening, and starch degradation, thereby delaying bread staling.
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Pão , Glucose , Glutens , Reação de Maillard , Amido , Água , Pão/análise , Amido/química , Glutens/química , Glucose/química , Água/química , Aminoácidos/química , Humanos , Triticum/química , Manipulação de Alimentos , PaladarRESUMO
In this study, an edible film was fabricated by incorporating anthocyanin extract from black rice (AEBR) into acetylated cassava starch (ACS)/carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) to enhance the shelf life of pumpkin seeds. The effects of AEBR on the rheological properties of film-forming solutions, as well as the structural characterization and physicochemical properties of the film, were evaluated. Rheological properties of solutions revealed that AEBR was evenly dispersed into polymer matrix and bound by hydrogen bonds, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The appropriate AEBR addition could be compatible with polymer matrix and formed a compact film structure, improving the mechanical properties, barrier properties, and opacity. However, with further addition of AEBR, the tensile strength and water vapor permeability decreased and the tight structure was destroyed. After being stored separately under thermal and UV light accelerated conditions for 20 days, the peroxide value and acid value of roasted pumpkin seeds coated with the AEBR film showed a significant reduction. Moreover, the storage stability of AEBR was improved through the embedding of ACS/CMC biopolymers. These results indicated that AEBR film could effectively delay pumpkin seeds oxidation and prolong their shelf life as an antioxidant material.
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Antocianinas , Carboximetilcelulose Sódica , Cucurbita , Filmes Comestíveis , Manihot , Oxirredução , Sementes , Amido , Manihot/química , Antocianinas/química , Carboximetilcelulose Sódica/química , Amido/química , Sementes/química , Cucurbita/química , Acetilação , Permeabilidade , Resistência à Tração , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Reologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
As a key component of a sediment sampler designed for ultra-high pressures, the sealing structure determines whether pressure retention can be reliably achieved. This study constructed a finite element model to study sealing performance and reveal the sealing mechanism. The effects of the hardness and compression rate of O-ring as well as seawater pressure on the sealing performance were studied. The study showed that a self-tightening seal can be formed when the coefficient of friction on the sealing surface is less than or equal to 0.25. In addition, the maximum contact stress of the O-ring increased nearly linearly with increasing pressure, and it was larger than the corresponding pressure. However, with increasing pressure, the maximum Von-Mises stress initially increased rapidly, then tended to stabilize, and then continued to increase. Although increasing the hardness reduced the principal strain, the stress increased correspondingly. Within the compression rate range from 10 to 25%, the hardness of the O-ring had a greater impact on the contact pressure than the compression rate. In order to further verify that the finite element analysis was accurate, the sealing performance was tested, and the results showed that the seal was reliable and capable of sealing a deep-sea sampler.
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In order to fortify γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of brown glutinous rice (BGR), pre-germination strategy was employed, and effects of low-frequency (28 kHz) ultrasound treatment combined with CaCl2 stress on the sprout length, germination rate, morphology, color, water, total polyphenol content (TPC), starch, protein, GABA contents and relevant metabolites were investigated. The germination rate would be inhibited under CaCl2 concentration ≥ 2.0 % during 24 h soaking without ultrasound treatment, and no significant difference was also observed combined with 9 h ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound treatment was beneficial to water absorption, TPC enrichment, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and protein hydrolysis. Higher contents of GABA (3.29 folds), pyruvic acid (7.63 folds), glycerol (4.88 folds), glutamate (2.02 folds) and glucose (1.32 folds) were obtained due to the antagonistic effect between the 30 w ultrasound treatment and 2.0 % CaCl2 stress at the 9 h pre-germination, and energy, lipid and protein metabolomic pathways were all involved in the GABA accumulation.
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Oryza , Oryza/metabolismo , Cloreto de Cálcio , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Estresse Salino , Água/metabolismo , Germinação , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
The accumulated methane in goaf during coal mining may leak into the working face under the airflow influence, which is possibly causing disasters such as methane gas excessive at the working face and seriously threatening the mine safety. This paper first established a three-dimensional numerical model of the mining area under U-shaped ventilation, introducing the gas state equation, continuity equation, momentum equation, porosity evolution equation, and permeability evolution equation to simulate the airflow field and gas concentration field in the mining area under the natural state. The reliability of the numerical simulations is then verified by the measured air volumes at the working face. The areas in the mining area where gas is likely to accumulate are also delineated. Subsequently, the gas concentration field in goaf under the gas extraction state was theoretically simulated for different locations of large-diameter borehole. The maximum gas concentration in goaf and the gas concentration trend in the upper corner were analyzed in detail, and the critical borehole location (17.8 m from the working face) was determined as the optimum location for gas extraction from the upper corner. Finally, a gas extraction test was carried out on-site to evaluate the application effect. The results show that the measured airflow rate has a small error with the simulated results. The gas concentration in the area without gas extraction is high, with the gas concentration in the upper corner being over 1.2%, which is greater than the critical value of 0.5%. The maximum reduction in gas concentration was 43.9%, effectively reducing the gas concentration in the extraction area after employing a large borehole to extract methane gas. The gas concentration in the upper corner and the distance of the borehole from the working face are expressed as a positive exponential function. The field engineering results show that the implementation of the large borehole at a distance of less than 17.8 m from the working face can control the gas in the upper corner to less than 0.5%, effectively reducing the risk of gas in the upper corner. The numerical simulation work in this paper can provide some basic support for the design of an on-site borehole to extract gas from the mining void and reduce the gas hazard in coal mines.
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Minas de Carvão , Metano , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Simulação por Computador , Minas de Carvão/métodos , Ventilação , Carvão MineralRESUMO
Simultaneous detection of multiple foodborne pathogens is of great importance for ensuring food safety. Herein, we present a sensitive dual-channel electrochemical biosensor based on copper metal organic frameworks (CuMOF) and lead metal organic framework (PbMOF) for simultaneous detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The MOF-based nanotags were prepared by functionalizing gold nanoparticles loaded CuMOF (Au@CuMOF) and PbMOF (Au@PbMOF) with signal DNA sequences 1 (sDNA1) and sDNA2, respectively. By selecting invA of S. typhimurium and inlA gene of L. monocytogenes as targe sequences, a sandwich-typed dual-channel biosensor was developed on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) through hybridization reactions. The sensitive detection of S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes was achieved by the direct differential pulse voltametric (DPV) signals of Cu2+ and Pb2+. Under optimal conditions, channel 1 of the biosensor showed linear range for invA gene of S. typhimurium in 1 × 10-14-1 × 10-8 M with low detection limit (LOD) of 3.42 × 10-16 M (S/N = 3), and channel 2 of the biosensor showed linear range for inlA gene of L. monocytogenes in 1 × 10-13-1 × 10-8 M with LOD of 6.11 × 10-15 M (S/N = 3). The dual-channel biosensor showed good selectivity which were used to detect S. typhimurium with linear range of 5-1.0 × 104 CFU mL-1 (LOD of 2.33 CFU mL-1), and L. monocytogenes with linear range of 10 - 1.0 × 104 CFU mL-1 (LOD of 6.61 CFU mL-1).
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Ouro , Salmonella typhimurium , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
The study illustrates the molecular mechanisms by which marine-derived peptides exhibited different structures and inhibition functions to concurrently inhibit multiple enzymes involved in chronic diseases. Peptides (2 mg/mL) exhibited inhibition against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, inhibition of 52.2-78.8%), pancreatic α-amylase (16.3-27.2%) and lipase (5.3-17.0%). Further in silico analyses on physiochemistry, bioactivity, safety and interaction energy with target enzymes indicated that one peptide could inhibit multiple enzymes. Peptide FENLLEELK potent in inhibiting both ACE and α-amylase showed different mechanisms: it had ordered extended structure in ACE active pocket with conventional H-bond towards Arg522 which is the ligand for activator Cl-, while the peptide folded into compact "lariat" conformation within α-amylase active site and the K residue in peptide formed intensive H-bonds and electrostatic interactions with catalytic triad Asp197 - Asp300 - Glu233. Another peptide APFPLR showed different poses in inhibiting ACE, α-amylase and lipase, and it formed direct interactions to lipase catalytic residues Phe77 & His263.
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Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Peptidil Dipeptidase A , Amilases , Lipase , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , PeptídeosRESUMO
Grain size is a microscopic parameter that has a significant impact on the macroscopic deformation behavior and mechanical properties of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels. In this study, Fe-18Mn-1.3Al-0.6C steel specimens with different grain sizes were first obtained by combining cold rolling and annealing processes. Then the influence of grain size on the plastic deformation mechanisms was investigated by mechanical testing, X-ray diffraction-based line profile analysis, and electron backscatter diffraction. The experimental results showed that the larger grain size could effectively promote twinning during plastic straining, produce an obvious TWIP effect, and suppress the rate of dislocation proliferation. The continuous contribution of dislocation strengthening and twinning functions led to a long plateau in the work-hardening rate curve, and increased the work-hardening index and work-hardening ability. At the same time, the strain could be uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries and twin boundaries inside the grain, which effectively relieved the stress concentration at the grain boundaries and improved the plasticity of deformed samples.
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BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are a kind of flavonoids and natural water-soluble pigments, which endow fruits, vegetables, and plants with multiple colors. They are important source of new products with prebiotic activity. However, there is no systematic review documenting prebiotic activity of anthocyanins and their structural analogues. This study aims to fill this gap in literature. PURPOSE: The objective of this review is to summarize and evaluate the prebiotic activity of anthocyanin's, and discuss the physical and molecular modification methods to improve their biological activities. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this review, the databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Researchgate and Elsevier) were searched profoundly with keywords (anthocyanin's, prebiotics, probiotics, physical embedding and molecular modification). RESULTS: A total of 34 articles were considered for reviewing. These studies approved that anthocyanins play an important role in promoting the proliferation of probiotics, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and improving the intestinal environment. In addition, physical embedding and molecular modification have also been proved to be effective methods to improve the prebiotic activity of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins could promote the production of short chain fatty acids, accelerate self degradation and improve microbial related enzyme activities to promote the proliferation of probiotics. They inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting the expression of harmful bacteria genes, interfering with the role of metabolism related enzymes and affecting respiratory metabolism. They promoted the formation of a complete intestinal barrier and regulated the intestinal environment to keep the body healthy. Physical embedding, including microencapsulation and colloidal embedding, greatly improved the stability of anthocyanins. On the other hand, molecular modification, especially enzymatic modification, significantly improved the biological activities (antioxidant, prebiotic activity and so on) of anthocyanins. CONCLUSION: All these research results displayed by this review indicate that anthocyanins are a useful tool for developing prebiotic products. The better activities of the new anthocyanins formed by embedding and modification may make them become more effective raw materials. Our review provides a scientific basis for the future research and application of anthocyanins.