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1.
BMC Genomics ; 25(1): 744, 2024 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39080514

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria play crucial roles in the growth, development, and adaptation of plants. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) stands out as a significant berry species due to its rich nutritional profile, medicinal properties, and health benefits. Despite its importance, the mitochondrial genome of blackcurrant remains unassembled. RESULTS: This study presents the first assembly of the mitochondrial genome of R. nigrum in the Grossulariaceae family. The genome spans 450,227 base pairs (bp) and encompasses 39 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and three ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). Protein-coding regions constitute 8.88% of the entire genome. Additionally, we identified 180 simple sequence repeats, 12 tandem repeats, and 432 pairs of dispersed repeats. Notably, the dispersed sequence R1 (cotig3, 1,129 bp) mediated genome recombination, resulting in the formation of two major conformations, namely master and double circles. Furthermore, we identified 731 C-to-U RNA editing sites within the PCGs. Among these, cox1-2, nad1-2, and nad4L-2 were associated with the creation of start codons, whereas atp6-718 and rps10-391 were linked to termination codons. We also detected fourteen plastome fragments within the mitogenome, constituting 1.11% of the total length. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that R. nigrum might have undergone multiple genomic reorganization and/or gene transfer events, resulting in the loss of two PCGs (rps2 and rps11) during its evolutionary history. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation unveils the molecular characteristics of the R. nigrum mitogenome, shedding light on its evolutionary trajectory and phylogenetic implications. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable reference for evolutionary research and germplasm identification within the genus.


Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Genoma Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Recombinação Genética , Ribes/genética , Edição de RNA , RNA de Transferência/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética
2.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(10)2024 May 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38794052

RESUMO

Recently, explainability in machine and deep learning has become an important area in the field of research as well as interest, both due to the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods and understanding of the decisions made by models. The explainability of artificial intelligence (XAI) is due to the increasing consciousness in, among other things, data mining, error elimination, and learning performance by various AI algorithms. Moreover, XAI will allow the decisions made by models in problems to be more transparent as well as effective. In this study, models from the 'glass box' group of Decision Tree, among others, and the 'black box' group of Random Forest, among others, were proposed to understand the identification of selected types of currant powders. The learning process of these models was carried out to determine accuracy indicators such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. It was visualized using Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIMEs) to predict the effectiveness of identifying specific types of blackcurrant powders based on texture descriptors such as entropy, contrast, correlation, dissimilarity, and homogeneity. Bagging (Bagging_100), Decision Tree (DT0), and Random Forest (RF7_gini) proved to be the most effective models in the framework of currant powder interpretability. The measures of classifier performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score for Bagging_100, respectively, reached values of approximately 0.979. In comparison, DT0 reached values of 0.968, 0.972, 0.968, and 0.969, and RF7_gini reached values of 0.963, 0.964, 0.963, and 0.963. These models achieved classifier performance measures of greater than 96%. In the future, XAI using agnostic models can be an additional important tool to help analyze data, including food products, even online.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Aprendizado de Máquina , Pós , Ribes , Pós/química , Ribes/química , Árvores de Decisões
3.
Molecules ; 29(9)2024 Apr 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38731511

RESUMO

Alginate films plasticized with glycerol and enriched in raspberry and/or black currant seed oils were prepared via casting solution techniques. The intention was to create active films for food packaging where antioxidants in a film would deactivate oxidants in a packed product or its surroundings, improving conditions inside packaging and extending the shelf life of such a product. The prepared materials were characterized by physicochemical, spectroscopic, mechanical, water vapor transmission (WVTR), and antioxidant activity analysis. Infrared spectra of the alginate films with oils were similar to those without the additive; the band with a maximum at about 1740 cm-1 stood out. The prepared materials with oils were thicker, contained less water, were more yellow, and were less permeable to water vapor. Moreover, the presence of the oil in the films resulted in a slightly lower Young's modulus and lower stress at break values but higher strain at break. The antioxidant capacity of raspberry seed oil itself was about five times higher than that of black currant seed oil, and a similar trend was noticed for films modified with these oils. The results indicated that both oils could be used as active substances with antioxidant properties in food packaging.


Assuntos
Alginatos , Antioxidantes , Embalagem de Alimentos , Óleos de Plantas , Ribes , Rubus , Sementes , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Alginatos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Sementes/química , Rubus/química , Ribes/química , Vapor
4.
J Sci Food Agric ; 104(11): 6405-6416, 2024 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38497362

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Due to the high level of organic acids - primarily citric acid - black, red, and white currants have an excessively sour taste, making taste adjustment during processing challenging. This study investigated and evaluated the effects of an inoculation dose of the acid-reducing yeast Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 on several aspect such as physicochemical properties, chromaticity, active substances, and antioxidant capacity. A sensory evaluation was also conducted. RESULTS: The results indicated that, when the inoculation dose increased from 2% to 12%, the total phenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity in currant juice decreased. A low inoculation dose (2-4%) was beneficial for preserving the total phenol and total flavonoid content. Although the levels of most phenolic compounds decreased, the concentrations of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, and epicatechin were significantly higher than the control after fermentation. Overall acceptability and taste scores of fermented currants improved compared with those of the control group. CONCLUSION: This experiment provided an effective solution, with a theoretical basis, to the problems of the sour taste and harsh flavor of currant juice. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Antocianinas , Antioxidantes , Fermentação , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Fenóis , Ribes , Paladar , Ribes/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Humanos , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Antocianinas/análise , Antocianinas/química , Flavonoides/análise , Frutas/química , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Cor
5.
Arch Biochem Biophys ; 750: 109806, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37913854

RESUMO

In this work the cosmetic preservative based on a Ribes Nigrum (blackcurrant) plant extract (PhytoCide Black Currant Powder abbr. BCE) was investigated to evaluate its antibacterial effect and to gain an insight into its mechanism of action. The influence of this commercially available formulation on model Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus lipid membranes was studied to analyze its interactions with membrane lipids at a molecular level. The mixed lipid monolayers and one component bacteria lipid films were used to investigate the effect of BCE on condensation and morphology of model systems and to study the ability of BCE components to penetrate into the lipid environment. The in vitro tests were also done on different bacteria species (E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, S. aureus, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to compare antimicrobial potency of the studied formulation. As evidenced the in vitro studies BCE formulation exerts very similar antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, based on the collected data it is impossible to indicate which bacteria: Gram-positive or Gram-negative are more susceptible to this formulation. Model membrane experiments evidenced that the studied preservative affects organization of both E. coli and S. aureus model system by decreasing their condensation and altering their morphology. BCE components are able to penetrate into the lipid systems. However, all these effects depend on the lipid composition and monolayer organization. The collected results were analyzed from the point of view of the mechanism of action of blackcurrant extract and the factors, which may determine the activity of this formulation.


Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Ribes , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Lipídeos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
6.
Arch Microbiol ; 205(4): 141, 2023 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36964798

RESUMO

Two pigment producing fungi, Talaromyces atroroseus and Penicillium choerospondiatis, were isolated and identified from infected fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L. based on amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region and beta-tubulin gene. This is the first occurrence report of these two fungi from fruits of P. emblica. Culture extract containing metabolites of T. atroroseus and P. choerospondiatis contained phenolics of 26.35 mg and 30.89 mg GAE/g dry extract respectively; whereas no significant amount of flavonoids and tannins were detected. P. choerospondiatis metabolites extract showed higher DPPH and ABTS activity with IC50 values of 21.94 mg/ml and 27.03 mg/ml respectively than T. atroroseus. LC-HRMS analysis of metabolites extract of T. atroroseus revealed presence of trimethyl-isopropyl-butanamide, perlolyrine, N-hexadecanoylpyrrolidine etc. whereas P. choerospondiatis displayed presence of tangeraxanthin, ugaxanthone, daphniphylline, etc. Therefore, fungal metabolites are rich natural sources of diversified compounds that can be utilized in dyeing industries, cosmetics and novel drug development.


Assuntos
Phyllanthus emblica , Ribes , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Phyllanthus emblica/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Taninos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fungos
7.
Mol Biol Rep ; 50(6): 5223-5232, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37126207

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the world, and the Type II diabetes associated with obesity led researchers to seek alternative methods to treat these two chronic diseases. In the case of obesity and diabetes, changes occur in the levels of inflammatory mediators. A study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of the Rheum ribes L. plant regarding obesity and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Differentiated 3T3-L1 mouse cell lines were used as an experimental model. A dose-response relationship was established to determine at what dose and time of treatment the R. ribes L. plant extract would act effectively. To assess expression on the transcriptional level, q-PCR analyses were performed. The primers to evaluate the expression levels of genes such as Dgat1, Lpl, Fasn, ColV, Il-6, and Mcp1, which are known to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance, inflammation, and cell skeletal restructuring was designed using NCBI sequences. 18S was chosen as the housekeeping gene for normalization. CONCLUSION: It was found that applying 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL of R. ribes root extract to 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells for 24 and 48 h resulted in anti- obesity and anti-inflammatory effects on the genes examined at the transcriptional level. It is an effective study to understand the molecular mechanisms by which R. ribes, which is known to have anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti- inflammatory activities, and to establish a link between these activities.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Rheum , Ribes , Camundongos , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Células 3T3-L1
8.
Nutr Neurosci ; 26(7): 652-666, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35656969

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, leading to reduced motor control. A contributing factor for the nigrostriatal degeneration is known to be oxidative stress, while antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of natural polyphenols have been suggested to show beneficial effects. The present study questioned the potential neuroprotective effects of supplementary diet with Corinthian currant, using a rat rotenone PD model. METHODS: The alterations in motor activity, brain Corinthian currant polar phenols' accumulation, expression patterns of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system were determined in rotenone-treated, currant-diet rats and matching controls. RESULTS: Rotenone treatment resulted in motor deficits and TH expression decreases in the nigrostriatal pathway, exhibiting PD-like behavioural motor and neurochemical phenotypes. Interestingly, 38 days Corinthian currant consumption resulted in differential accumulation of polar phenols in mesencephalon and striatum and had a significant effect on attenuating motor deficits and dopaminergic cell loss in substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, it induced up-regulation of BDNF expression in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. DISCUSSION: Taken all together, evidence is provided for the potential neuroprotective influences of Corinthian currant consumption, involving the neurotrophic factor BDNF, in rescuing aspects of PD-like phenotype.


Assuntos
Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Doença de Parkinson , Ribes , Ratos , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Rotenona/toxicidade , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ribes/metabolismo , Fenol/metabolismo , Fenol/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Substância Negra , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças
9.
Lett Appl Microbiol ; 76(7)2023 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37348479

RESUMO

The use of microbial consortia has become a promising alternative for the management of various diseases. In this study, 18 artificial consortia were designed, consisting of five bacteria, five fungi, and a mixture of five fungi and five bacteria; from a collection of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of cape gooseberry plants grown in two soils potentially suppressive against Fusarium oxysporum. When evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol activity on cape gooseberry plants, one consortium was selected for their high efficacy (over 90%) in the control of vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. physali. This was constituted by 10 microorganisms, the bacteria Paenibacillus peoriae, Bacillus subtilis, Lysinibacillus sp., B. simplex, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis; and the fungi Beauveria bassiana, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Trichoderma gamsii, T. ghanense, and T. lignicola. On the other hand, four of the consortia evaluated in the presence of the pathogen mitigated the deleterious effect produced by the pathogen on plant growth, expressing higher dry weights, both in the aerial and root parts. This work represents the first report on using these mixtures of microorganisms to control vascular wilt produced by F. oxysporum. However, further studies are needed to determine their activity in cape gooseberry fields.


Assuntos
Fusarium , Physalis , Ribes , Consórcios Microbianos , Physalis/microbiologia , Bacillus subtilis , Fungos , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia
10.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab ; 33(5): 282-290, 2023 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37414403

RESUMO

Previous observations demonstrate New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract to alter cardiovascular responses at rest without prior exercise. However, the prolonged effects of NZBC on blood pressure and heart rate variability following exercise are not known. Participants (n15 [five women], age: 31 ± 9 years, maximal oxygen uptake: 44 ± 9 ml·kg-1·min-1) undertook a control condition of 2 hr of lying supine rest. Subsequently, in a double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled, randomized crossover design participants completed 1 hr of treadmill exercise at 50% maximal oxygen uptake followed by 2-hr supine rest with blood pressure and heart rate variability measurement following a 7-day intake of NZBC and PLA. With NZBC, there was an increase in average fat oxidation (NZBC: 0.24 ± 0.11 vs. PLA: 0.17 ± 0.11 g/min, p = .005), and larger high-frequency relative power during the exercise (p = .037). In the 2-hr rest period, delta change for systolic pressure was larger with NZBC than PLA (Control vs. NZBC: -5.6 ± 6.4, Control vs. PLA: -3.5 ± 6.0 mmHg, p = .033) but was not different for diastolic or mean arterial pressure. There were no alterations in heart rate variabilities during the 2 hr following the exercise with NZBC. A 7-day intake of NZBC causes a larger postexercise hypotension response in young, physically active men and women following 1 hr of treadmill exercise at 50% maximal oxygen uptake.


Assuntos
Hipotensão Pós-Exercício , Ribes , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Nova Zelândia , Extratos Vegetais , Frequência Cardíaca , Pressão Sanguínea , Consumo de Oxigênio , Oxigênio , Poliésteres/farmacologia
11.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab ; 33(6): 323-330, 2023 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37648248

RESUMO

This study investigated the effects of an acute dose (900 mg) of New Zealand Blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on 5-km running performance, alongside associated physiological and metabolic responses. Sixteen trained male runners (age 26 ± 5 years, stature 173.4 ± 7.3 cm, body mass 73.7 ± 6.9 kg, maximal oxygen consumption [V˙O2max] 55.4 ± 6.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) ingested either capsules containing NZBC extract (3 × 300 mg CurraNZ, 315 mg anthocyanins) or a matched placebo (3 × 300 mg gluten-free flour) 2 hr before exercise in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Performance time, physiological, and metabolic responses were assessed in a 5-km time trial, preceded by 10-min exercise at the lactate threshold on a treadmill. NZBC extract did not alter the physiological or metabolic responses to exercise at the lactate threshold (oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, minute ventilation, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, heart rate, blood lactate, or rating of perceived exertion, p > .05). The 5-km time trial was completed in a faster time in the NZBC extract condition compared with placebo (NZBC: 1,308.96 ± 122.36 s, placebo: 1,346.33 ± 124.44, p = .001, d = -0.23, confidence interval range = [-0.46, 0.00 s]). No differences in physiological or metabolic responses were apparent between conditions for the 5-km time trial (p > .05). Ingesting 900 mg of NZBC extract as an acute dose improves performance in trained male runners without altering physiological or metabolic responses to exercise. Further research is needed to assess a wider range of possible mechanisms (e.g., cardiovascular function, metabolite profiles) to advance insight into improved performance following supplementation.


Assuntos
Ribes , Corrida , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Nova Zelândia , Antocianinas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Ácido Láctico , Método Duplo-Cego , Estudos Cross-Over , Consumo de Oxigênio
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(1)2023 Dec 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38203398

RESUMO

Antioxidants from natural sources have long been of interest to researchers. In this paper, taking the traditional Tibetan medicine Ribes himalense as an example, an integrated approach was used to identify and isolate its chemical composition with free-radical-scavenging properties from its ethanol extract. First, the ethanol extract of Ribes himalense was pretreated using polyamide medium-pressure liquid chromatography (polyamide-MPLC), and the target fraction (Fr4) was obtained. Then, a combined HPLC mode was utilized to purify antioxidants in Fr4 under the guidance of an online HPLC-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (HPLC-DPPH) activity screening system. Finally, three antioxidants (3-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, rutin, and myricetin-3'-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) were isolated, and this is the first report of their presence in R. himalense. Further molecular docking studies showed that the antioxidants exhibited good binding with HO-1, Nrf2, and iNOS. In conclusion, this comprehensive approach is capable of extracting high-purity antioxidants from trace fractions of Ribes himalense and holds promise for future applications in the exploration of the chemical compositions and bioactivity of natural products.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Ribes , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Nylons , Cromatografia Líquida , Etanol , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
13.
Molecules ; 28(4)2023 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36838736

RESUMO

Sodium nitrite is a multifunctional additive commonly used in the meat industry. However, this compound has carcinogenic potential, and its use should be limited. Therefore, in this study the possibility of reducing the amount of sodium(III) nitrite added to canned meat from 100 to 50 mg/kg, while enriching it with freeze-dried blackcurrant leaf extract, was analyzed. The possibility of fortification of canned meat with blackcurrant leaf extract was confirmed. It contained significant amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives. These compounds contributed to their antioxidant activity and their ability to inhibit the growth of selected Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, it was observed that among the three different tested doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) of the blackcurrant leaf extract, the addition of the highest dose allowed the preservation of the antioxidant properties of canned meat during 180 days of storage (4 °C). At the end of the storage period, this variant was characterized by antiradical activity against ABTS (at the level of 4.04 mgTrolox/mL) and the highest reducing capacity. The addition of 150 mg/kg of blackcurrant leaf extract caused a reduction in oxidative transformations of fat in meat products during the entire storage period, reaching a level of TBARS almost two times less than in the control sample. In addition, these products were generally characterized by stability (or slight fluctuations) of color parameters and good microbiological quality and did not contain N-nitrosamines.


Assuntos
Carne de Porco , Carne Vermelha , Ribes , Animais , Suínos , Nitritos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia
14.
Molecules ; 28(4)2023 Feb 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36838904

RESUMO

Berries of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) are popular for their strong and complex aroma and their benefits for health. In Burgundy (France), the most famous blackcurrant cultivar is the "Noir de Bourgogne". A blackcurrant breeding program was conducted to obtain new varieties, more resistant to infections and climate changes. The cultivar "Noir de Bourgogne" was crossed with seven other varieties in order to create a hybrid with good agronomic properties and organoleptic properties close to the ones of "Noir de Bourgogne". Several hybrids were created, and their aromatic profiles studied. Berries of eight cultivars, among which Noir de Bourgogne and hybrids resulting from crossings, were harvested during the summer of 2020. Volatile compounds of berries were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used as the most useful chemometric technique. The profiles in volatile compounds of hybrids were either different from those of the two parental varieties or close to that of varieties other than Bourgogne black. In all cases, the overall aroma strength of the hybrid did not equal that of the Noir de Bourgogne cultivar.


Assuntos
Ribes , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Humanos , Melhoramento Vegetal , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Odorantes/análise , Estações do Ano
15.
Molecules ; 28(3)2023 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36770953

RESUMO

Blackcurrant berries (Rigrum L.) are of great interest for food scientists/technologists as a source of delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R). This is an uncommon phenolic compound in diets that unveils potent antiproliferative activity besides its colour. Other phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid (CA) and epicatechin (EC), also known by their antiproliferative effects, are abundant in foods and beverages. To design smart food/supplements combinations containing blackcurrant and improved anticancer properties at the gastrointestinal level, there is the need for more data concerning the combined effects of those molecules. In this work, synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects against gastric and intestinal cancers of D3R, CA, and EC were assessed in vitro. The antiproliferative activity of D3R, CA, and EC, alone and in binary combinations (D3R+CA, D3R+EC, and CA+EC) on NCI-N87 (gastric) and Caco-2 (intestinal) cells, was assessed following the Chou-Talalay theorem at equipotent contributions (i.e., (IC50)1/(IC50)2). D3R presented the strongest antiproliferative activity of the single molecules tested, with IC50 values of 24.9 µM and 102.5 µM on NCI-N87 and Caco-2 cells, respectively. The combinations D3R+CA and CA+EC were synergic against NCI-N87 until IC50 and IC75, respectively, while D3R+EC shifted from slight antagonism to synergism at higher doses. On Caco-2 cells, antagonism at low doses and synergism at high doses was observed. Therefore, the synergisms observed on the gastric cancer model at low doses occurred on the colon model only at high doses. Data herein described is vital to the targeted smart design of foods and supplements, as it is foreseen that the same combination of phenolic compounds causes different interactions/effects depending on the dose and gastrointestinal compartment.


Assuntos
Catequina , Ribes , Humanos , Frutas , Células CACO-2 , Fenóis/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico
16.
Molecules ; 28(14)2023 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37513330

RESUMO

In the frame of efforts to add value to the Mediterranean currant cultivation and processing sectors, which is essential for their sustainability, sweet wine production is proposed from the finishing side-stream (FSS) of premium quality Corinthian currants, involving complete fermentation using an alcohol-tolerant yeast followed by (i) the addition of FSS to extract sugars or (ii) syrup made from FSS to adjust sweetness. Wine was also made by (iii) ceasing fermentation at the desired sugar level by ethanol addition. The non-fortified wines had 15.2-15.5% ethanol, 115-145 g/L residual sugar, 7.2-7.6 g/L titratable acidity, low volatile acidity (VA; <0.33 g/L), 280-330 mg/L phenolic content (TPC) (as gallic acid), and 23.8-35.6 mg/L antioxidant capacity (AC) (as ascorbic acid). In total, 160 volatiles were identified by SPME GC-MS, including compounds derived from the grapes, the raisin drying, and the fermentation process. The non-fortified wines had better characteristics (mainly VA, AC, and TPC) than the fortified wine, while sweetness adjustment by FSS is the simplest and lowest cost method since it does not involve ethanol or syrup addition. The proposed methods can lead to good quality sweet wines with a characteristic fruity (grape/raisin) flavor that could be commercialized as specialty raisin beverages or liqueurs.


Assuntos
Ribes , Vitis , Vinho , Vinho/análise , Antioxidantes , Carboidratos/análise , Açúcares , Etanol , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Fermentação
17.
Molecules ; 28(8)2023 Apr 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37110805

RESUMO

Many plant-derived flavonoids are known for their anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative effects. The fruits and leaves of the black currant (BC, Ribes nigrum) contain these phytochemicals with therapeutic benefits. The current study presents a report on a standardized BC gemmotherapy extract (BC-GTE) that is prepared from fresh buds. It provides details about the phytoconstituent profile specific to the extract as well as the associated antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. The reported BC-GTE was found to contain approximately 133 phytonutrients, making it unique in its composition. Furthermore, this is the first report to quantify the presence of significant flavonoids such as luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol. Drosophila melanogaster-based tests revealed no cytotoxic but nutritive effects. We also demonstrated that adult male Wistar rats, pretreated with the analyzed BC-GTE and assessed after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, did not show any apparent increase in body size in the microglial cells located in the hippocampal CA1 region, while in control experiments, the activation of microglia was evident. Moreover, no elevated levels of serum-specific TNF-α were observed under the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory condition. The analyzed BC-GTE's specific flavonoid content, along with the experimental data based on an LPS-induced inflammatory model, suggest that it possesses anti-neuroinflammatory/neuroprotective properties. This indicates that the studied BC-GTE has the potential to be used as a GTE-based complementary therapeutic approach.


Assuntos
Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Ribes , Ratos , Animais , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Ribes/química , Microglia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Projetos Piloto , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Drosophila melanogaster , Lipopolissacarídeos , Ratos Wistar , Etanol , Hipocampo
18.
Molecules ; 28(22)2023 Nov 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38005180

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between antioxidant and anticancer properties of extracts from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves and their fractions and chemical contents. Dried ethanolic extract was divided into three fractions using solid phase extraction: aqueous (F1), 40% MeOH (F2), and 70% MeOH (F3). Both the extract and the fractions were analyzed in terms of antiradical activity (DPPH• and ABTS+•), total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids. The antitumor potential of the fractions was evaluated in vitro on human colorectal (HCT 116) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells. Phenolics were identified using HPLC-QTOF-MS, and twelve compounds were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Finally, principal component analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between the tested factors. The results confirmed that blackcurrant leaves are a rich source of phenolics with high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. It was demonstrated that the F2 fraction had the highest content of phenolics and the highest antiradical activity. Additionally, only this fraction showed cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cells. It was confirmed that both the blackcurrant leaf extract and its fractions are a promising source of condensed active compounds and can be used as natural functional food additives.


Assuntos
Ribes , Humanos , Ribes/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Etanol , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química
19.
Molecules ; 28(24)2023 Dec 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38138499

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant and inhibiting (ACE-I, DPP IV, and alpha-glucosidase) potential of canned meat featuring reduced sodium nitrate content (50 mg/kg) and fortified with freeze-dried currant leaf extract. Research indicates that employing a lyophilizate dose of 150 mg/kg yields optimal benefits in terms of the antioxidant activity of the meat product. Additionally, three highly promising sequences for canned meat were identified via analysis in the BIOPEP database. These sequences are RPPPPPPPPAD, exhibiting DPP-IV inhibiting activity; ARPPPGPPPLGPPPPGP, demonstrating ACE-I inhibiting activity; and PPGPPPPP, displaying alpha-glucosidase inhibiting activity. Using bioinformatics tools, molecular docking was performed by pairing the selected peptides with protein receptors 2QT9, 1O86, and 5NN8, respectively (PDB ID). The examination of the potential of these selected sequences to manifest specific biological activities toward enzymes was based on the free energy value (∆Gbinding). This knowledge can be harnessed for designing functional foods, thereby contributing to the safeguarding of consumer health.


Assuntos
Carne de Porco , Carne Vermelha , Ribes , Animais , Suínos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Carne de Porco/análise , Carne Vermelha/análise , alfa-Glucosidases , Carne/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
20.
Nutr Cancer ; 74(7): 2291-2302, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34839775

RESUMO

Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn or Phyllanthus emblica Linn; family Phyllanthaceae) has a recognized history in Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda). Various therapeutic properties have been attributed to gooseberry as a dietary supplement. Many parts of the plant (fruits, seed, leaves, root, bark, and flowers) possess various activities and are used to treat a range of diseases. This review focuses on the evidence for the cancer-preventive properties of gooseberry, its extracts, and its principal phytochemicals based on studies In Vitro and In Vivo. Most importantly, in multiple rodent models of cancer, treatment with P. emblica was found to prevent tumor incidence, number, and volume at various organ sites. The mechanism(s) implicated in gooseberry-mediated cancer inhibition are diverse and include antioxidants, Phase I and II enzyme modifications, anti-inflammatory action, regulation of the cell cycle, and modulation of oncogenic signaling genes. Studies in humans also indicate that P. emblica can offer various health benefits and synergize with other treatments. This review provides detailed information on the potential use of gooseberry extract as an anticarcinogenic in humans, illuminates the therapeutic applications, and discusses clinical trials.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Phyllanthus emblica , Ribes , Frutas/química , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico
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