Cholesteryl hemiazelate causes lysosome dysfunction impacting vascular smooth muscle cell homeostasis.

In atherosclerotic lesions, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) represent half of the foam cell population, which is characterized by an aberrant accumulation of undigested lipids within lysosomes. Loss of lysosome function impacts VSMC homeostasis and disease progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying lysosome dysfunction in these cells is, therefore, crucial. We identify cholesteryl hemiazelate (ChA), a stable oxidation end-product of cholesteryl-polyunsaturated fatty acid esters, as an inducer of lysosome malfunction in VSMCs. ChA-treated VSMCs acquire a foam-cell-like phenotype, characterized by enlarged lysosomes full of ChA and neutral lipids. The lysosomes are perinuclear and exhibit degradative capacity and cargo exit defects. Lysosome luminal pH is also altered. Even though the transcriptional response machinery and autophagy are not activated by ChA, the addition of recombinant lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is able to rescue lysosome dysfunction. ChA significantly affects VSMC proliferation and migration, impacting atherosclerosis. In summary, this work shows that ChA is sufficient to induce lysosomal dysfunction in VSMCs, that, in ChA-treated VSMCs, neither lysosome biogenesis nor autophagy are triggered, and, finally, that recombinant LAL can be a therapeutic approach for lysosomal dysfunction.

Homogentisic acid induces cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix alteration in alkaptonuric cartilage.

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultra-rare disease caused by the deficient activity of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase enzyme, leading the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) in connective tissues implicating the formation of a black pigmentation called "ochronosis." Although AKU is a multisystemic disease, the most affected tissue is the articular cartilage, which during the pathology appears to be highly damaged. In this study, a model of alkaptonuric chondrocytes and cartilage was realized to investigate the role of HGA in the alteration of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The AKU tissues lost its architecture composed of collagen, proteoglycans, and all the proteins that characterize the ECM. The cause of this alteration in AKU cartilage is attributed to a degeneration of the cytoskeletal network in chondrocytes caused by the accumulation of HGA. The three cytoskeletal proteins, actin, vimentin, and tubulin, were analyzed and a modification in their amount and disposition in AKU chondrocytes model was identified. Cytoskeleton is involved in many fundamental cellular processes; therefore, the aberration in this complex network is involved in the manifestation of AKU disease.

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 Cases Imported to Portugal from India, 2016.

Hepatitis E in industrialized countries is mainly associated with genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) and normally causes a sporadic self-limiting disease in immunocompetent individuals. Unlike genotype 3, genotypes 1 and 2 circulate in developing countries, produce severe disease and occur in the epidemic form. Hepatitis E occurring in travellers returning from endemic areas in developing countries is not a novel epidemiological occurrence, however the vast majority of cases remain to be genetically studied. The present study describes two cases of severe acute hepatitis E that required hospitalization for 6 and 9 days in two individuals of Indian nationality that had recently migrated to Portugal to work. The retrieved HEV sequences both belonged to genotype 1 and had a high degree of nucleotide sequence identity, clustering with strains isolated in India and Nepal, in 2013 and 2014. Confirmed HEV genotypes of increased pathogenicity like genotype 1 are being introduced into otherwise naïve populations of industrialized countries such as European countries with consequences difficult to predict. As far as we know the present study is the first in Portugal to describe and genetically characterize imported cases of hepatitis E infection caused by HEV genotype 1.

GLUT1 activity contributes to the impairment of PEDF secretion by the RPE.

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to understand whether glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) activity affects the secretion capacity of antiangiogenic factor pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) by the RPE cells, thus explaining the reduction in PEDF levels observed in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: Analysis of GLUT1 expression, localization, and function was performed in vitro in RPE cells (D407) cultured with different glucose concentrations, corresponding to non-diabetic (5 mM of glucose) and diabetic (25 mM of glucose) conditions, further subjected to normoxia or hypoxia. The expression of PEDF was also evaluated in the secretome of the cells cultured in these conditions. Analysis of GLUT1 and PEDF expression was also performed in vivo in the RPE of Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. RESULTS: We observed an increase in GLUT1 under hypoxia in a glucose-dependent manner, which we found to be directly associated with the translocation and stabilization of GLUT1 in the cell membrane. This stabilization led to an increase in glucose uptake by RPE cells. This increase was followed by a decrease in PEDF expression in RPE cells cultured in conditions that simulated DR. Compared with non-diabetic WT mice, the RPE of Ins2(Akita) mice showed increased GLUT1 overexpression with a concomitant decrease in PEDF expression. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data show that expression of GLUT1 is stimulated by hyperglycemia and low oxygen supply, and this overexpression was associated with increased activity of GLUT1 in the cell membrane that contributes to the impairment of the RPE secretory function of PEDF.

Left Ventricular Myocardial and Cavity Velocity Disturbances Are Powerful Predictors of Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis.

Background and Aim: Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is a well-established noninvasive investigation for significant coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cardiac Doppler parameters in predicting CAD. Methods: We prospectively studied 103 consecutive patients with suspected CAD based on typical symptoms; 59 proved to have CAD, and 44 patients proved to have no-CAD (n = 44). All patients underwent a complete stress Doppler echocardiographic examination. Total isovolumic time (T-IVT) as a marker of cavity dyssynchrony and wall motion score index (WMSI) were also calculated. Results: At peak dobutamine stress, the compromised LV longitudinal excursion (MAPSE), systolic septal and lateral velocities (s'), and diastolic indices were more pronounced in the CAD patients compared with those without CAD, but LV dimension did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). The WMSI was higher and t-IVT more prolonged in patients with CAD (p < 0.01 for both). Similarly, the changes were more pronounced in patients with significant CAD compared with insignificant CAD. On multivariate model, Δ mean s', OR 2.016 (1.610 to 3.190; p < 0.001), Δ E velocity OR 2.502 (1.179 to 1.108; p < 0.001), Δ t-IVT 2.206 (1.180 to 2.780; p < 0.001) and Δ WMSI OR 1.911 (1.401 to 3.001; p = 0.001) were the most powerful independent predictors of the presence of CAD, particularly when significant (>75%). Δ mean s' < 5.0 was 85% sensitive, 89% specific with AUC 0.92. Respective values for Δ E velocity <6.0 cm/s were 82%, 90% and 0.91; for Δ t-IVT > 4.5, 78%, 77% and 0.81 and for Δ FT ≥ 150 ms, 76%, 78% and 0.84 in predicating significant CAD. WMSI ≥ 0.7 was 75% sensitive, 77% specific with AUC of 0.81 in predicting significant CAD. The accuracy of DSE was higher in significant CAD compared to insignificant CAD (80% vs. 74%; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Compromised LV longitudinal systolic function, lower delta E wave, prolonged t-IVT, and increased WMSI were the most powerful independent predictors of the presence and significance of CAD. These finding strengthen the role of comprehensive DSE analysis in diagnosing ischemic disturbances secondary to significant CAD.

Cryptococcal Meningitis in an HIV-Negative Puerperal Woman.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients and other immunocompromised people. Pregnancy, which is a state of relative immunosuppression, can also be a risk factor for the development of cryptococcal meningitis. We report a clinical case of a 41-year-old woman who developed a severe meningeal syndrome after an otherwise normal pregnancy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytochemical analysis presented hypoglycorrhachia, high protein levels, and pleocytosis. Cryptococcal antigen tested positive in serum and CSF, and Cryptococcus neoformans was identified in the CSF culture. The diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was confirmed, and antifungal induction therapy was started with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine. After clinical improvement, induction therapy was discontinued, and the patient was discharged under maintenance therapy with fluconazole. While under antifungal maintenance therapy, the patient presented worsening of symptoms and a new brain magnetic resonance showed the development of multiple cryptococcoma. Despite sterile CSF cultures, there was a deterioration of the cytochemical parameters. The diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was assumed, and after initiation of corticotherapy, the patient improved considerably. This is a rare case of cryptococcal meningitis in a puerperal woman with a challenging management.

Shotgun mass spectrometry-based lipid profiling identifies and distinguishes between chronic inflammatory diseases.

BACKGROUND: Localized stress and cell death in chronic inflammatory diseases may release tissue-specific lipids into the circulation causing the blood plasma lipidome to reflect the type of inflammation. However, deep lipid profiles of major chronic inflammatory diseases have not been compared. METHODS: Plasma lipidomes of patients suffering from two etiologically distinct chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis-related vascular disease, including cardiovascular (CVD) and ischemic stroke (IS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were screened by a top-down shotgun mass spectrometry-based analysis without liquid chromatographic separation and compared to each other and to age-matched controls. Lipid profiling of 596 lipids was performed on a cohort of 427 individuals. Machine learning classifiers based on the plasma lipidomes were used to distinguish the two chronic inflammatory diseases from each other and from the controls. FINDINGS: Analysis of the lipidomes enabled separation of the studied chronic inflammatory diseases from controls based on independent validation test set classification performance (CVD vs control - Sensitivity: 0.94, Specificity: 0.88; IS vs control - Sensitivity: 1.0, Specificity: 1.0; SLE vs control - Sensitivity: 1, Specificity: 0.93) and from each other (SLE vs CVD ‒ Sensitivity: 0.91, Specificity: 1; IS vs SLE - Sensitivity: 1, Specificity: 0.82). Preliminary linear discriminant analysis plots using all data clearly separated the clinical groups from each other and from the controls, and partially separated CVD severities, as classified into five clinical groups. Dysregulated lipids are partially but not fully counterbalanced by statin treatment. INTERPRETATION: Dysregulation of the plasma lipidome is characteristic of chronic inflammatory diseases. Lipid profiling accurately identifies the diseases and in the case of CVD also identifies sub-classes. FUNDING: Full list of funding sources at the end of the manuscript.

Scrofula Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) occurs when at the minimum there is resistance to isoniazid and rifampin. Prevention of new infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and progression to TB disease is critical to reduce the burden and mortality of this disease. We present the case of a 73-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative female who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and who was diagnosed with MDR-TB. LEARNING POINTS: Tuberculosis is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and approximately a quarter of the world's population is estimated to be latently infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis lymphadenitis is a rare manifestation of the disease in Portugal.With the advent of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, disease surveillance by the government should be intensified, with the aim of national and global TB control, focusing on prevention.

Health disorders and teachers' voices: a workers' health issue.

Environmental and/or work risk factors, lack of basic knowledge related to voice, its incorrect use, and a defective vocal model can lead teachers to develop occupational dysphonia. This study aimed to analyze studies focusing on occupational vocal disorders through a literature review. Articles published over a period of 11 years in periodicals indexed in the ScieLO library were searched according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty articles related to teachers' vocal occupational disorders were found. We argue that intense vocal use should not harm professionals; the voice has to be pleasant to the speaker and correctly produced. The conclusion is that there is a scarcity of articles available at the studied library relating to teachers' voice disorders. Further studies need to be developed and disseminated so as to increase knowledge in the subject.

The expressiveness of a university professor in his classroom performance: analysis of verbal resources and implications for nursing.

Expressiveness is the ability of individuals to make their thoughts alive through language and body, effectively transmitting information. This study investigated the expressiveness of a university professor during nursing classes in relation to verbal resources from the perspective of students. This descriptive and quantitative study was carried out in a Higher Education Institution using specific instruments to assess expressiveness. The professor's class was video recorded and the video was first assessed by three speech and language experts and later assessed by 141 students with whom he had no previous contact. The results reveal that students and experts agreed in relation to the professors' expressive skills, which proved the ability of students to evaluate this communication skill.

Riscos ocupacionais psicossociais e sua repercussão na saúde de docentes universitários / Riesgos laborales psicosociales y su impacto en la salud de profesores universitarios / Psychosocial occupational risks and their impact on the health of professors

Riscos ocupacionais psicossociais (ROP) são constituídos por um conjunto de fatores que alteram o bem-estar emocional dos trabalhadores. Objetivou-se identificar a existência de ROP no ambiente laboral de professores universitários e suas repercussões na saúde destes trabalhadores. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo, com dados coletados, em 2006, em uma universidade pública paulista. Constituíram-se sujeitos 54 docentes que responderam a um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, questões sobre as condições de trabalho, os ROP e suas repercussões em sua saúde. Os resultados evidenciaram que 51(94,4%) docentes admitiram a presença de ROP no trabalho, predominando a carga mental em 19(35%) sujeitos; 47(87%) admitiram que tais riscos afetavam a sua saúde, destacando-se o estresse apontado por 21(38,9%) sujeitos e a ansiedade por 9(16,7%) deles. Concluiu-se que os ROP estavam presentes no contexto acadêmico avaliado e foram percebidos como influenciadores na saúde destes docentes.

Psychosocial occupational risks (POR) are integrated by a set of factors that affect the emotional well-being of workers. We aimed at identifying POR on the work environment of professors of a public university and its impact on the health of those workers. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study conducted in 2006 at a public university in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Fifty-four subjects were constituted out of the professors, who answered a questionnaire including demographic data, working conditions, POR, and POR impact on their health. Results showed that 51(94.4%) professors identified POR at work, with mental load in 19(35%) subjects; 47(87%) professors reported that such risks affect their health, with stress mentioned by 21(38.9%) professors and anxiety by 9(16.7%). Conclusions show the presence of POR in the academic context assessed and the perception of their impact on the health of those professors.

Riesgos laborales psicosociales (RLP) son constituidos por un conjunto de factores que afectan el bienestar emocional de los trabajadores. Tuvo como objetivo identificar la existencia de RLP en el ambiente de trabajo de profesores universitarios y su impacto en la salud de estos trabajadores. Este es un estudio transversal, descriptivo y cuantitativo, con datos recogidos, en 2006, en una universidad pública paulista - Brasil. Consistieron sujetos 54 profesores que respondieron a un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, preguntas sobre las condiciones de trabajo, los RLP y su impacto en su salud. Los resultados mostraron que el 51(94,4%) docentes han admitido la presencia de RLP en el trabajo, predominando la carga mental en 19(35%) de ellos, 47(87%) maestros admitieron que esos riesgos afectan a su salud, destacándose el estrés – 21 (38,9%) – y la ansiedad – 9(16,7%) – apuntados por los sujetos. Se concluyó que los RLP estuvieron presentes en el contexto académico evaluado y fueron percibidos como influyen en la salud de estos profesores.

The expressiveness of a university professor in his classroom performance: analysis of verbal resources and implications for nursing / A expressividade do docente universitário durante sua atuação na sala de aula: análise dos recursos verbais utilizados e suas implicações para a enfermagem / La expresividad del profesor universitario durante su actuación en la sala de clases: análisis de los recursos verbales utilizados y sus implicaciones para la enfermeira

Expressiveness is the ability of individuals to make their thoughts alive through language and body, effectively transmitting information. This study investigated the expressiveness of a university professor during nursing classes in relation to verbal resources from the perspective of students. This descriptive and quantitative study was carried out in a Higher Education Institution using specific instruments to assess expressiveness. The professor's class was video recorded and the video was first assessed by three speech and language experts and later assessed by 141 students with whom he had no previous contact. The results reveal that students and experts agreed in relation to the professors' expressive skills, which proved the ability of students to evaluate this communication skill.

A expressividade é a capacidade de o indivíduo tornar vivo seu pensamento pela linguagem e pela expressão corporal, permitindo a transmissão de informações de modo efetivo. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a expressividade do docente universitário de enfermagem ministrando aula, em relação aos seus recursos verbais, a partir do julgamento dos alunos. Trata-se de investigação descritiva, quantitativa, desenvolvida em uma instituição de ensino superior, para a qual foram utilizados instrumentos específicos de avaliação da expressividade. Realizou-se a filmagem de uma aula do referido docente, que foi primeiramente avaliado por três experts fonoaudiólogos e, depois, submetido ao julgamento por parte de 141 alunos que não haviam tido contato prévio com o mesmo. Os resultados mostraram que alunos e experts foram concordantes em seu julgamento sobre as habilidades expressivas do professor universitário de enfermagem, o que comprovou a capacidade e a propriedade dos discentes na avaliação dessa habilidade de comunicação.

La expresividad es la capacidad del individuo de tornar vivo su pensamiento por medio del lenguaje y por la expresión corporal, permitiendo la transmisión de informaciones de modo efectivo. El presente estudio objetivó investigar la expresividad del profesor universitario de enfermería dando clases en relación a sus recursos verbales, a partir de la evaluación de los alumnos. Se trata de investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, desarrollada en una Institución de Enseñanza Superior, para lo cual fueron utilizados instrumentos específicos de evaluación de la expresividad. Se realizó una película de una clase del referido profesor, que fue primeramente evaluada por tres expertos fonoaudiólogos y después sometida a evaluación por parte de 141 alumnos que no habían tenido contacto previo con el mismo. Los resultados mostraron que alumnos y expertos coincidieron en su evaluación sobre las habilidades expresivas del profesor universitario de enfermería, lo que comprobó la capacidad y la propiedad de los estudiantes en la evaluación de esa habilidad de comunicación.

Health disorders and teachers' voices: a workers' health issue: [review] / Alteraciones de la salud y de la voz del profesor, un asunto de salud del trabajador: [revisión] / Alterações da saúde e a voz do professor, uma questão de saúde do trabalhador: [revisão]

Environmental and/or work risk factors, lack of basic knowledge related to voice, its incorrect use, and a defective vocal model can lead teachers to develop occupational dysphonia. This study aimed to analyze studies focusing on occupational vocal disorders through a literature review. Articles published over a period of 11 years in periodicals indexed in the ScieLO library were searched according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty articles related to teachers' vocal occupational disorders were found. We argue that intense vocal use should not harm professionals; the voice has to be pleasant to the speaker and correctly produced. The conclusion is that there is a scarcity of articles available at the studied library relating to teachers' voice disorders. Further studies need to be developed and disseminated so as to increase knowledge in the subject.

Factores de riesgos ambientales y/o referentes a la organización laboral, ausencia de nociones básicas sobre la voz, su uso incorrecto y presencia de modelo vocal deficiente pueden llevar al profesor a presentar disfonía relacionada al trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar publicaciones sobre alteraciones vocales provenientes del trabajo, a través de revisión de literatura sobre el tema propuesto. Como método, se buscó artículos de periódicos indexados en la biblioteca virtual Scielo, por un período de once años, obedeciendo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión predeterminados. Fueron encontrados 20 artículos que contemplaron alteraciones vocales de los profesores provenientes del trabajo. Se discute, aquí, que el uso vocal intenso no debe propiciar perjuicios a la profesión; la voz debe ser agradable al sujeto y producida correctamente; concluyéndose que hay pocos artículos vehiculados en la biblioteca investigada relacionados a las alteraciones vocales del profesor, provenientes del uso de la voz en el trabajo. Nuevas investigaciones deben ser realizadas y divulgadas para aumentar el conocimiento sobre el tema.

Fatores de riscos ambientais e/ou referentes à organização laboral, ausência de noções básicas sobre a voz, seu uso incorreto e presença de modelo vocal deficiente podem levar o professor a apresentar disfonia relacionada ao trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar publicações sobre alterações vocais decorrentes do trabalho, através de revisão da literatura sobre o tema proposto. Como método, buscou-se artigos de periódicos indexados na biblioteca virtual Scielo, por período de onze anos, obedecendo-se aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-determinados. Foram encontrados 20 artigos que contemplaram alterações vocais dos professores decorrentes do trabalho. Discute-se, aqui, que o uso vocal intenso não deve propiciar prejuízos à profissão; a voz deve ser agradável ao sujeito e produzida corretamente concluindo-se que há poucos artigos veiculados na biblioteca investigada relacionados às alterações vocais do professor, decorrentes do uso da voz no trabalho. Novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas e divulgadas para aumentar o conhecimento sobre o tema.

Acidentes de trabalho entre mulheres brasileiras atendidas em uma unidade de emergência / Occupational accidents among brazilian women attending at an emergency care unit

Objetivo: identificar a ocorrência de Acidentes de Trabalho, entre mulheres, atendidas no hospital-escola de uma cidadedo estado de São Paulo, caracterizando-as. Método: estudo observacional, não-experimental e de caráter descritivo, comanálise quantitativa dos dados. Com o auxílio de um instrumento validado por especialistas, foram pesquisados os prontuários de pacientesatendidos durante os anos de 2002 e 2003 em uma Unidade de Emergência de um Hospital de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Oestudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo(4799/2004). Resultados: consultando-se as anotações dos prontuários, constatou-se que 82 mulheres sofreram 117Acidentes de Trabalho, observando-se ocorrência de poliacidentabilidade. Das 82 acidentadas, 52,78% tinham idade entre25-40 anos; 47,56% casadas; 29,27% eram da equipe de enfermagem e 32,93% ocorreu por quedas. Conclusão: paraminimizar tais ocorrências, é fundamental políticas de proteção ao trabalho da mulher e treinamento dos profissionais desaúde para que possam oferecer melhor atendimento às acidentadas.

Acidentes de trabalho, riscos ocupacionais e absenteísmo entre trabalhadores de enfermagem hospitalar / Accidentes laborales, riesgos laborales y absentismo entre trabajadores de enfermería hospitalaria / Occupational accidents, occupational risks and absenteeism among hospital nursing workers

Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar acidentes de trabalho, absenteísmo e relacionar riscos ocupacionais com o absenteísmo referentes a trabalhadores de enfermagem de dois hospitais, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP). O estudo foi descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, tendo sida a coleta de dados realizada no Centro de Referência de Saúde do Trabalhador, em 2006. Foi utilizado um instrumento para a coleta dos dados sobre a Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho (CAT). Foram identificados 140 acidentes de trabalho e destes, 85 por cento com mulheres, 81 por cento entre auxiliares de enfermagem e 92 por cento acidentes típicos. Entre os acidentes de trajeto acontecidos, a maioria ocorreu antes do início do turno laboral. Todos estes acidentes geraram 117 dias de afastamento. Na comparação das notificações, o hospital público superou o privado em número de notificações ao longo dos meses.

This study aimed to identify occupational accidents and absenteeism and to relate occupational risks to absenteeism among nursing workers at two hospitals in Ribeirão Preto City (São Paulo State). The study was descriptive and used a quantitative approach. Data were collected in 2006 at a reference center in workers’ health using an occupational accident notification form (Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho, CAT). Of the 140 occupational accidents identified, 85 percent involved women, 81 percent nursing assistants and 92 percent were typical accidents. Among the commuting accidents, most occurred before the duty shift. In all, these accidents caused 117 days’ absence. When comparing notifications, the public hospital was found to surpass the private hospital in number of notifications over several months.

Este estudio tiene como objetivos la identificación de accidentes de trabajo, absentismo y relaciona riesgos laborales con el absentismo, refiriéndose a trabajadores de enfermería de dos hospitales, en la ciudad de Ribeirao Preto (SP)-Brasil. El estudio fue descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo. La recogida de datos se realizó en el Centro de Referencia de Salud del Trabajador, en 2006. Fue utilizado un instrumento para recoger datos sobre Comunicación de Accidentes de Trabajo (CAT). Fueron identificados 140 accidentes de trabajo y de estos, 85 por ciento con mujeres, 81 por ciento entre auxiliares de enfermería y 92 por ciento accidentes típicos. Entre los accidentes ocurridos, la mayoría acaeció antes del comienzo del turno de trabajo. Todos estos accidentes causaron 117 días de ausencia. Al comparar las notificaciones, el hospital público superó el número de notificaciones del privado a lo largo de los meses.

Alterações vocais decorrentes do trabalho em professores: uma revisão de literatura / Vocal alterations resulting from work as a teacher: a literature review

Objetivo: analisar as publicações das alterações vocais decorrentes do trabalho por meio de uma revisão da literaturasobre o tema proposto. Metodologia: a coleta de dados foi realizada buscando-se os artigos de periódicos indexados nabiblioteca virtual SciELO, publicados no período de 1998 a 2008. Resultados: foram encontrados 15 artigos quecontemplaram as alterações vocais dos professores decorrentes do trabalho. Foi identificado como principal tipo deestudo o observacional transversal com 33,38%. Ao todo foram pesquisados 5.910 professores dos quais 53,33% atuam noensino fundamental e 60% são de ambos os sexos. Os conjuntos temáticos assinalados com maior freqüência foram:identificação dos problemas, conhecimentos e cuidados, comportamentos inapropriados e promoção de saúde vocal. Foirelatado como principais alterações: laringite crônica, disfonia vocal, cansaço ao falar, rouquidão, dentre outras.Conclusões: existem poucos artigos publicados na biblioteca investigada relacionados às alterações vocais do professordecorrentes do uso da voz no trabalho. Assim, mais pesquisas devem ser realizadas e divulgadas buscando aumentar oconhecimento sobre este tema.

Avaliação cinesiológica e sintomatológica de membros inferiores de costureiros industriais / Avaliación quinesiologica e sintomatologica del miembros inferiores del costureros industriais / Kinesiologic and symptomatologic evaluation of lower members in industrial dressmakers

O estudo objetivou avaliar a incidência e intensidade de dor músculo-esquelética nos membros inferiores de costureiros industriais. Realizou-se pesquisa de campo e exploratória em uma cooperativa de costura de roupas esportivas, na cidade de Rifaina (SP), em janeiro e fevereiro de 2004, analisando-se 34 trabalhadores, a maioria do sexo feminino. Elaborou-se um questionário que abordava os aspectos pessoais, organizacionais e sintomatológicos e um protocolo que identificava os movimentos e posturas empregados durante a atividade, constando os principais movimentos articulares e faixas de amplitude do movimento, considerados de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesões. Os resultados mostraram que os trabalhadores apresentaram alta incidência e intensidade de dor, e as diferentes atividades foram igualmente lesivas devido ao posicionamento estático associado a amplitudes de risco. Concluiu-se que as situações identificadas mostraram-se como risco no ambiente de trabalho, tendo este fato sido corroborado pelo relato dos trabalhadores com relação às dores por eles percebidas.

The study evaluated the incidence and intensity of lower member musculoskeletal pain in industrial dressmakers. An exploratory field study conducted in January and February 2004 in a sports garment sewing cooperative in Rifaina, São Paulo State - Brazil, examined 34, mostly female, workers by applying a questionnaire to record personal, organizational and symptomatologic particulars and a protocol to identify the movements and postures used during the activity, record the main joint movements and ranges of movement considered as risks for developing injuries. The results showed high incidence and intensity of pain and that the various different activities were detrimental because of static positioning associated with risk-related ranges of movement. It was concluded that the situations identified were sources of workplace risk, which was corroborated by the workers’ reports of the pain they felt.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la incidencia y la intensidad de dolor músculo-esquelético en las extremidades inferiores de los sastres. Se realizó investigación de campo y exploratoria en una cooperativa de costura de ropa de deportes en la ciudad de Rifaina (SP) – Brasil, en enero y febrero de 2004, analizándose 34 trabajadores, en su mayoría mujeres. Se elaboró un cuestionario que se ocupó de las cuestiones personales, de organización y de los síntomas y un protocolo que identificaba los movimientos y posturas utilizados durante la actividad, constando los principales movimientos articulares y la amplitud del movimiento, considerados de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones. Los resultados mostraron que los empleados tenían alta incidencia e intensidad de dolor, y las diversas actividades también fueron lesivas debido a la posición estática asociada con rangos de riesgo. Se llegó a la conclusión de que las situaciones se han identificado como un riesgo en el lugar de trabajo, y este hecho corrobora la historia de los trabajadores en relación con el dolor que sentían.

Acidentes e agravos à saúde dos idosos nos ambientes de trabalho / Accidentes y agravios a la salud de los ancianos en los ambientes de trabajo / Workplace accidents and health disorders among the elderly

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar os acidentes de trabalho (AT) sofridos por idosos, a partir dos registros em prontuários de uma unidade de emergência. Aconteceu em um hospital-escola paulista, tendo sido utilizado o método descritivo e como técnica para a coleta de dados, feita em 2000, a análise documental, ou seja, dos prontuários dos atendimentos realizados em 1998 e 1999. De 618 AT, 21,84% eram relacionados aos idosos; 45,93% dessas pessoas tinham entre 60 e 69 anos, 26,67% eram aposentados, 68,89% dos AT ocorreram por quedas; 34,81% atingiram os membros inferiores e 55,56% resultaram em fraturas. Idosos têm sofrido AT, mostrando que buscam o mercado de trabalho após sua aposentadoria. Este fato implica reorganização do atendimento à saúde, inclusive na obtenção de dados completos sobre os atendimentos realizados, para se conseguir informação seguras sobre os diversos trabalhadores atendidos por AT, incluindo-se os idosos.

This descriptive study, conducted at a teaching hospital in São Paulo in 2000, used patient file data from a hospital emergency unit to characterize occupational accidents (OAs) suffered by elderly people. Data were collected using documentary analysis of records of care given in 1998 and 1999. Of 618 OAs, 21.84% related to elderly; 45.93% of these people were 60 to 69 years old, 26.67% were retired, 68.89% of OAs involved falls; 34.81% affected lower limbs and 55.56% resulted in fractures. Elderly have been suffering OAs, showing they re-enter the labor market after retirement. This entails a need to reorganize health care, including to obtain complete data on care being provided, so as to achieve reliable information on all workers treated for OAs, including the elderly.

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar los accidentes de trabajo (AT) sufridos por ancianos, a partir de los registros en prontuarios de una unidad de emergencia. Ocurrió en un hospital-escuela de São Paulo – Brasil, usándose el método descriptivo y, para la recogida de datos, celebrada en 2000, el análisis de los prontuarios de atendimientos realizados en 1998 y 1999. De 618 AT, 21,84% eran relacionados a los ancianos, 45,93% de esas personas tenían entre 60 y 69 años, 26,67% eran jubilados, 68,89% de AT fueron producidos por caída; 34,81% atingieran los miembros inferiores y 55,56% resultaron en fracturas. Ancianos sufren AT porque buscan el mercado de trabajo muestra la jubilación. Esto implica una necesidad de reorganización de la atención a la salud, incluso en la obtención de datos completos sobre los atendimientos hechos, para lograrse obtener información segura sobre los diversos trabajadores atendidos por AT, incluidos los ancianos.