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1.
Community Dent Health ; 41(2): 140-144, 2024 May 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38686783

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the association between tobacco advertising (TA) exposure and poor self-rated oral health (SROH) is mediated through secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in Brazilian adults who have never smoked. METHODS: Secondary cross-sectional analysis of The Brazilian National Health Survey 2019 data. The daily, weekly, or monthly exposure to SHS at home or at work was set as the mediator. Mediation analysis within a counterfactual approach used adjusted binary logistic regressions for both poor SROH and SHS exposure, to estimate the natural direct effect (NDE), natural indirect effect (NIE) through SHS exposure, and marginal total effect (MTE) of TA exposure on poor SROH. To assess the robustness of the results, we calculated the E-value for the MTE. RESULTS: The sample comprised 53,295 never smoker adults. The MTE of TA exposure on poor SROH was 1.09 (1.03, 1.16), with the indirect effect through SHS exposure responsible for only 16.6% of the total (NIE: 1.01 [1.01, 1.02] and NDE: 1.08 [1.02, 1.14]). An effect of 1.42 would be required for an unmeasured confounder to explain away the association between TA and SROH. CONCLUSION: More individuals exposed to TA have poor SROH than those unexposed, with secondhand smoke exposure explaining only a small portion of this effect. Upstream tobacco policies should consider oral health outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Publicidad , Salud Bucal , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Estudios Transversales , Publicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Brasil , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Encuestas Epidemiológicas
2.
Appetite ; 174: 106012, 2022 07 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35367482

RESUMEN

Estrogens reduce 0.3 M NaCl intake and palatability in a widely used model of essential hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Here we investigated whether the inhibitory effects of ß-estradiol (E2, 10 µg/kg b.w. subcutaneously for 8 days) on water deprived partially-rehydrated (WD-PR) ovariectomized (OVX) adult female SHRs (fSHRs, n = 4-10/group) are related to interferences on brain angiotensin II AT1 receptors (AT1r). After WD-PR, E2 reduced 0.3 M NaCl intake (1.3 ± 0.6, vs. vehicle: 3.5 ± 1.2 ml/30 min), the number of hedonic responses to intraoral NaCl infusion (57 ± 11, vs. vehicle: 176 ± 32/min), and the relative angiotensin AT1r (Agtr1a) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Losartan (AT1r antagonist, 100 µg) intracerebroventricularly in OVX fSHRs treated with vehicle subcutaneously abolished 0.3 M NaCl intake (0.1 ± 0.1 ml/30 min) and only transiently reduced hedonic responses to intraoral NaCl. Losartan combined with E2 decreased the number of hedonic and increased the number of aversive responses to intraoral NaCl and abolished 0.3 M NaCl intake. E2 also reduced the pressor and dipsogenic responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II. The results suggest that AT1r activation increases palatability and induces NaCl intake in WD-PR fSHRs. E2 reduced hypothalamic Agtr1a mRNA expression, which may account for the effects of E2 on NaCl intake and palatability and intracerebroventricular angiotensin II-induced pressor and dipsogenic responses in OVX fSHRs. Future studies considering natural fluctuations in estrogen secretion might help to determine the degree of such interference in brain neuronal activity.


Asunto(s)
Angiotensina II , Losartán , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Animales , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Losartán/farmacología , ARN Mensajero , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1/genética , Cloruro de Sodio
3.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 207: 111468, 2021 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33254384

RESUMEN

Sediment from three reservoirs located in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in Oklahoma, USA with contrasting dominant land uses were analyzed for total and extractable concentrations of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), and the potential ecologic risk to benthic organisms. Extractable As ranged from 0.24 to 1.21 mg kg-1, in the order grazing>cropland>forest and 0.13-0.58 mg kg-1 for extractable Cr, in the order of forest>grazing>cropland. However, only approximately < 1.5% of total As and < 4% of total Cr were extractable. Total As ranged from 16.2 to 141 mg kg-1 and total Cr ranged from 5.06 to 40.1 mg kg-1 both in the order of cropland>grazing>forest. The sediment exhibited an alkaline pH (8.0-8.7). As sorption exhibited a positive relationship with Al (r = 0.9995; P = 0.0001), Fe (r = 0.9829; P = 0.0001), and C (r = 0.4090; P = 0.0017) and Cr correlated positively with Al (r = 0.9676 P = 0.0001), Fe (r = 0.9818; P = 0.0001), and C (r = 0.3368; P = 0.0111). In addition, both As and Cr exhibited positive relationships with carbon (C) functional groups in the order of O-alkyl C> methoxyl C> alkyl C> aromatic C> carboxyl C> phenolic C. The sediment concentration analysis results illustrated that As in all reservoirs exceeded their respective Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and/or Probable Effect Level (PEL) indicating that existing concentrations of metals in these sediments were sufficiently high to cause adverse effects. However, Cr concentrations in all reservoirs evaluated was lower compared to the TEL and PEL.


Asunto(s)
Arsénico/análisis , Cromo/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Aluminio/análisis , Carbono/análisis , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Hierro/análisis , Metales/análisis , Oklahoma , Ríos/química
4.
Genet Mol Res ; 16(2)2017 May 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28549197

RESUMEN

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (Fol) is one of the main diseases affecting tomatoes. The BHRS 2,3 genotype of tomato is, however, resistant to this disease. A proteomic approach was used to understand the defense mechanisms of this genotype using the tomato root, the first tissue that interacts with the fungus, as a target. Protein was extracted and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by staining with Coomassie brilliant blue. The proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 22 proteins were identified, 21 of which showed differential expression with 12 proteins being upregulated and nine being downregulated. Plants responded to the pathogen with increased expression of pathogenesis-related proteins. We noted the induction of proteins involved in hypersensitivity reaction and other defense mechanisms. The expression of proteins of primary metabolism related to energy production, however, decreased, as did the expression of two proteins related to defense against abiotic stress. These results demonstrate the presence of important mechanisms for defense against Fol in the tomato genotype BHRS 2,3.


Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Fusarium/patogenicidad , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteoma/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum/inmunología , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Proteoma/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico
5.
Genet Mol Res ; 16(2)2017 May 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28510258

RESUMEN

The sugarcane (Saccharum spp) presents economic importance, mainly for tropical regions, being an important Brazilian commodity. However, this crop is strongly dependent on fertilizers, mainly nitrogen (N). This study assessed the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated with sugarcane that could be used as a potential inoculant to the crop. We evaluated the genetic diversity of PGPB in the plant tissue of sugarcane varieties (RB 867515, RB 1011, and RB 92579). The primer BOX-A1R was used to differentiate the similar isolated and further sequencing 16S rRNA ribosomal gene. The 16S rRNA gene showed the presence of seven different genera distributed into four groups, the genus Bacillus, followed by Paenibacillus (20%), Burkholderia (14%), Herbaspirillum (6%), Pseudomonas (6%), Methylobacterium (6%), and Brevibacillus (3%). The molecular characterization of endophytic isolates from sugarcane revealed a diversity of bacteria colonizing this plant, with a possible biotechnological potential to be used as inoculant and biofertilizers.


Asunto(s)
Microbiota , Saccharum/microbiología , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/patogenicidad , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Saccharum/crecimiento & desarrollo
6.
Epidemiol Infect ; 144(12): 2568-77, 2016 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27169485

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. We investigated the prevalence of salivary IgA against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in Brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. Prevalence calculated by salivary IgA specific to TgERP was compared to the prevalence calculated by serum IgG against both TgERP and tachyzoites (in conventional serological tests). Prevalence calculated by different serological and salivary parameters varied in the studied age groups. However, for the 15-21 years age group, values for T. gondii prevalence estimated by conventional serological tests and by anti-TgERP salivary IgA were similar; i.e. 68·7% and 66·6% or 66·7%, respectively, using two different cut-off parameters for salivary IgA anti-TgERP. Furthermore, salivary IgA anti-TgERP for this age group presented the highest specificity (93·33%), sensitivity (93·94%), and likelihood (14·09) compared to all the other age groups. These data demonstrate the importance of age for salivary IgA investigation against TgERP to estimate the mode of T. gondii transmission in endemic settings.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis/transmisión , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/análisis , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oocistos/inmunología , Prevalencia , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Toxoplasmosis/parasitología , Adulto Joven
7.
J Fish Biol ; 89(6): 2741-2754, 2016 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27739061

RESUMEN

A large-scale comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for European marine fishes was assembled, allowing the evaluation of taxonomic uncertainties and species genetic diversity that were otherwise hidden in geographically restricted studies. A total of 4118 DNA barcodes were assigned to 358 species generating 366 Barcode Index Numbers (BIN). Initial examination revealed as much as 141 BIN discordances (more than one species in each BIN). After implementing an auditing and five-grade (A-E) annotation protocol, the number of discordant species BINs was reduced to 44 (13% grade E), while concordant species BINs amounted to 271 (78% grades A and B) and 14 other had insufficient data (grade D). Fifteen species displayed comparatively high intraspecific divergences ranging from 2·6 to 18·5% (grade C), which is biologically paramount information to be considered in fish species monitoring and stock assessment. On balance, this compilation contributed to the detection of 59 European fish species probably in need of taxonomic clarification or re-evaluation. The generalized implementation of an auditing and annotation protocol for reference libraries of DNA barcodes is recommended.


Asunto(s)
Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , Peces/genética , Biblioteca de Genes , Animales , Europa (Continente) , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular
8.
Br J Dermatol ; 172(1): 48-55, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24976336

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind numerous exogenous and endogenous antigens by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and have the ability to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, alterations in innate immunity could explain the inflammation and T-cell autoreactivity leading to the development of LP disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how the host innate immune response to PAMPs is affected by cutaneous LP, primarily by using TLR agonists to induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS: PBMCs from patients with LP and healthy control (HC) individuals were stimulated with agonists of TLR2/TLR1 (pam3csk4), TLR3 [poly(I:C)-RIG], TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide), TLR5 (flagellin), TLR7 (imiquimod), TLR7/TLR8 (CL097) and TLR9 (CpG). Cytokines from culture supernatants (n = 10-12) and serum chemokines and cytokines (n = 22-24) were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Activation through the TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 pathways induced increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion by PBMCs from individuals with LP compared with the HC group. In contrast, activation through TLR3 and TLR7 was impaired in the LP group, leading to decreased TNF-α secretion. Moreover, intracellular TLR activation resulted in reduced interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-6 secretion. Notably, individuals with LP became responders on stimulation with TLR7/TLR8 and TLR9 agonists; responses were measured as increases in interferon (IFN)-α production. Detectable TNF-α and high CXCL9 and CXCL10 serum levels were observed in patients with LP, suggesting their potential use as markers of the inflammatory status in LP. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to a defect in the TLR signalling pathways in cutaneous LP. Agonists of TLR7/TLR8 or TLR9 overcame impaired IFN-α secretion in LP, strategically acting as adjuvants to improve the type I response.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Innata/fisiología , Liquen Plano/inmunología , Receptores Toll-Like/agonistas , Adulto , Anciano , Quimiocinas CXC/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Ligandos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Transducción de Señal , Receptor Toll-Like 7/agonistas , Receptor Toll-Like 8/agonistas , Receptor Toll-Like 9/agonistas , Adulto Joven
9.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 29(6): 1091-5, 2015 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25271795

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults and profile of skin barrier proteins and inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the expression of skin barrier proteins such as filaggrin, claudins 1 and 4 and of circulating inflammatory cytokines (Th1/Th2/Th17) in adults with AD. METHODS: Thirty-three adult patients with AD diagnosed according to the Hanifin & Rajkacriteria, and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. AD severity was measured by Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Laboratory assays included immunohistochemistry analysis of skin barrier proteins, such as filaggrin, claudins 1 and 4 and interleukin-17 (IL-17) from skin samples and determination of circulating cytokine levels (IL-2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 17A, TNF and IFN-γ) by flow cytometry (Cytometric Bead Array). RESULTS: We observed a reduced expression of filaggrin and claudin 1 in lesional skin of AD patients, when compared to controls. There was an inverse correlation of filaggrin expression and disease severity. In addition, IL-17 expression was enhanced in AD patients. Similarly, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, 5, 6, 10, 17A and IFN-γ) were found in AD patients. CONCLUSION: Our data reinforce the role of an altered skin barrier in the pathogenesis of AD. Our results show not only reduced expression of filaggrin and claudin 1 in lesional atopic skin but also inverse correlation of filaggrin expression and disease severity. Moreover, elevation of in situ IL-17 and of circulating interleukin levels in AD emphasize the systemic, inflammatory profile of this defective skin barrier dermatosis.


Asunto(s)
Dermatitis Atópica/metabolismo , Interleucinas/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Piel , Piel/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Claudina-1/análisis , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Claudina-4/análisis , Claudina-4/metabolismo , Femenino , Proteínas Filagrina , Humanos , Interferón gamma/sangre , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/análisis , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Adulto Joven
10.
J Dent Res ; 103(6): 605-611, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38605651

RESUMEN

Individuals of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) experience a greater rate of alcohol-related harms, yet they consume equal or lower amounts of alcohol than higher-SEP individuals. This phenomenon, called the "alcohol harm paradox" (AHP), gained attention recently, and different mechanisms have been proposed to explain it. Since both SEP and alcohol have been suggested to be associated with periodontitis risk, we conducted a secondary analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014 cycles, aiming to examine 1) whether the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis is modified by SEP and 2) the extent to which the effect of SEP inequalities on periodontitis is mediated by and/or interacts with alcohol consumption. We set educational attainment as the main SEP proxy and tested the poverty income ratio in subsequent sensitivity analyses. Effect measure modification analysis was employed, considering heavy drinking as exposure, and causal mediation analysis based on the potential outcome's framework decomposed the effect of SEP on periodontitis in proportions attributable to mediation and interaction. Models were fitted using binary logistic regression and adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, binge drinking, and regular preventive dental visits. The analytical sample comprised 4,057 participants. After adjusting for covariates, less educated heavy drinkers presented 175% (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-3.72) higher odds of periodontitis than their counterparts, and super-additive associations were found (relative excess risk due to interaction: 1.35; 95% CI, 0.49-2.20). Additionally, -69.5% (95% CI, -122.1% to -16.8%) of the effects of education on periodontitis were attributable to interaction with heavy drinking, consistent with the AHP. No contribution was found for the mechanism of mediation. Heavy drinking disproportionately impacts the occurrence of periodontitis in lower-SEP individuals. Lower-SEP individuals seem to experience differential effects of heavy drinking on periodontitis.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Encuestas Nutricionales , Periodontitis , Humanos , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Escolaridad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Clase Social , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Anciano
11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 14961, 2024 06 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38942787

RESUMEN

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) has been associated with neonatal infections, with colonization of the anovaginal tract being the main source of vertical transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the frequency of antibiotic usage, potentially contributing to changes in the dynamics of bacterial agents colonizing humans. Here we determined MRS colonization rates among pregnant individuals attending a single maternity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil before (January 2019-March 2020) and during (May 2020-March 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. Anovaginal samples (n = 806 [521 samples before and 285 during the pandemic]) were streaked onto chromogenic media. Colonies were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Detection of mecA gene and SCCmec typing were assessed by PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done according to CLSI guidelines. After the onset of the pandemic, MRS colonization rates increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 8.6% (45) to 54.7% (156). Overall, 215 (26.6%) MRS isolates were detected, of which S. haemolyticus was the most prevalent species (MRSH, 84.2%; 181 isolates). SCCmec type V was the most frequent among MRS (63.3%; 136), and 31.6% (68) of MRS strains had a non-typeable SCCmec, due to new combinations of ccr and mecA complexes. Among MRS strains, 41.9% (90) were resistant to at least 3 different classes of antimicrobial agents, and 60% (54) of them were S. haemolyticus harboring SCCmec V. MRS colonization rates and the emergence of multidrug-resistant variants detected in this study indicate the need for continuing surveillance of this important pathogen within maternal and child populations.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/virología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Pandemias , Vagina/microbiología
12.
Parasite Immunol ; 34(8-9): 404-11, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22651670

RESUMEN

Na-ASP-2 is a major protein secreted by infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the human hookworm Necator americanus upon host entry. It was chosen as a lead vaccine candidate for its ability to elicit protective immune responses. However, clinical development of this antigen as a recombinant vaccine was halted because it caused allergic reactions among some of human volunteers previously infected with N. americanus. To prevent IgE-mediated allergic reactions induced by Na-ASP-2 but keep its immunogenicity as a vaccine antigen, we designed and tested a genetically engineered fusion protein, Fcγ/Na-ASP-2, composed of full-length Na-ASP-2 and truncated human IgG Fcγ1 that targets the negative signalling receptor FcγRIIb expressed on pro-allergic cells. The chimeric recombinant Fcγ/Na-ASP-2 protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris and shared the similar antigenicity as native Na-ASP-2. Compared to Na-ASP-2, the chimeric fusion protein efficiently reduced the release of histamine in human basophils sensitized with anti-Na-ASP-2 IgE obtained from individuals living in a hookworm-endemic area. In dogs infected with canine hookworm, Fcγ/Na-ASP-2 resulted in significantly reduced immediate-type skin reactivity when injected intradermally compared with Na-ASP-2. Hamsters vaccinated with Fcγ/Na-ASP-2 formulated with Alhydrogel(®) produced specific IgG that recognized Na-ASP-2 and elicited similar protection level against N. americanus L3 challenge as native Na-ASP-2.


Asunto(s)
Basófilos/inmunología , Liberación de Histamina , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Necator americanus/inmunología , Vacunación/métodos , Animales , Antígenos Helmínticos/genética , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Cricetinae , Perros , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/prevención & control , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Inmunoglobulinas , Pichia/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/inmunología , Piel/patología , Vacunación/efectos adversos
13.
Tech Coloproctol ; 16(2): 133-8, 2012 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22383060

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between the pathogenesis of anorectocele and the anatomy of the anal canal and anorectal junction using echodefecography. METHODS: The study was conducted on a total of 100 women with obstructed defecation, mean age 46.6 years, who underwent echodefecography. Patients were classified based on rectocele status into group I, without rectocele (n = 32); group II, grade I rectocele (n = 11); group III, grade II (n = 27); and group IV, grade III (n = 30). We identified the layers of the anterior anorectal wall and measured anterior external sphincter length, posterior external sphincter and puborectalis length, gap between anterior external sphincter and anorectal junction, anorectal wall thickness in 3 locations: (1) proximal to anterior external anal sphincter; (2) anterior anorectal junction; (3) 1.0 cm proximal to anorectal junction. RESULTS: The anterior part of the external anal sphincter was significantly longer in group I (18.91 ± 0.38 mm) than in group III (16.94 ± 0.45 mm) (p < 0.05), and the length in group I was similar to that in group II (18.56 ± 0.44 mm) (p = 0.6223). The gap was significantly shorter in group I (21.24 ± 0.97 mm) than in group III (25.04 ± 0.82 mm) and group IV (23.82 ± 0.80 mm) (p < 0.05). The length of the anterior part of the external anal sphincter as a percentage of the length of the posterior external anal sphincter together with the puborectalis muscle was a mean of 57.39 ± 2.13% in group I, 56.01 ± 1.581% in group II, 47.77 ± 1.48% in group III, and 50.45 ± 1.61% in group IV, with a significantly higher percentage in group I than in groups III (p = 0.0126) and IV (p = 0.0007). No significant differences were identified between any of the groups regarding anorectal wall thickness at any of the 3 selected locations (p > 0.05). The muscularis propria layer of the rectal wall was not identified in 2 patients in group I (6.25%), 3 patients in group II (11.11%), and 3 patients in group III (10.00%), and 6 in group IV (8.82%), with no significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of anorectocele may be associated with a shorter anterior part of the external anal sphincter and consequently a longer gap.


Asunto(s)
Canal Anal/anatomía & histología , Endosonografía , Rectocele/etiología , Recto/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Canal Anal/diagnóstico por imagen , Defecografía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Recto/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto Joven
14.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent ; 23(4): 513-525, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35429295

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We aimed to systematically evaluate whether SHS exposure is associated with poor periodontal status in individuals up to 15 years. METHODS: Seven databases were searched by two independent reviewers according to pre-specified eligibility criteria up to November 2021. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE was used for assessing the certainty of evidence. Random-effects pairwise meta-analyses compared the periodontal status of those exposed and unexposed to SHS through standardized mean differences (SMDs) and associated confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Eight cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion and two present high methodological quality. All studies contributed to the meta-analysis for gingival index scores (GI) and four for probing pocket depth (PPD). Those exposed exhibited significantly higher levels of GI compared to unexposed (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI 0.17-1.89), but no difference was observed for PPD (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI - 0.14-0.82), with overall very low certainty on evidence. CONCLUSION: Therefore, very low certainty evidence supports that children and adolescents exposed to SHS possibly present poorer periodontal status due to higher levels of GI.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Índice Periodontal , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos
15.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e258476, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35613211

RESUMEN

Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a promising species, with high cultivation potential due to the organoleptic and functional qualities of its fruits. However, irrigation water salinity can affect the crop yield. Therefore, materials rich in organic substances can minimize the damage caused by excess salts in soil and/or water. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic matter sources as attenuators of salt stress on the production and biochemical responses of red pitaya seedlings. A completely randomized design in 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with five sources of organic matter (humus, sheep manure, biofertilizer, organic compost and sand + soil) and four salinities (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 and 6.6 dS m-1) with four replicates and two plants per plot was used. The shoot length, root length, cladode diameter, number of cladodes, number of sprotus, root volume, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, root and shoot dry mass ratio, chlorophyll a, b and total, amino acids and soluble sugars were evaluated at 120 days after the treatments began to be applied. Red pitaya is moderately tolerant to salinity (ECw from 4.0 to 6.0 dS m-1). Organic compost and sheep manure attenuate the harmful effects of salinity on red pitaya seedlings. Under salt stress conditions, red pitaya plants increase their levels of proline, amino acids and total sugars.


Asunto(s)
Cactaceae , Plantones , Animales , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/farmacología , Cactaceae/química , Cactaceae/metabolismo , Clorofila A/metabolismo , Clorofila A/farmacología , Fertilización , Estiércol , Salinidad , Estrés Salino , Ovinos , Suelo/química , Azúcares/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo
16.
Genes Immun ; 11(5): 374-83, 2010 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20535134

RESUMEN

Congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection can result in intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus and retinochoroiditis. Acquired infection is commonly associated with ocular disease. Pathology is characterized by strong proinflammatory responses. Ligation of ATP by purinergic receptor P2X(7), encoded by P2RX7, stimulates proinflammatory cytokines and can lead directly to killing of intracellular pathogens. To determine whether P2X(7) has a role in susceptibility to congenital toxoplasmosis, we examined polymorphisms at P2RX7 in 149 child/parent trios from North America. We found association (FBAT Z-scores +/-2.429; P=0.015) between the derived C(+)G(-) allele (f=0.68; OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.14-3.75) at single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1718119 (1068T>C; Thr-348-Ala), and a second synonymous variant rs1621388 in linkage disequilibrium with it, and clinical signs of disease per se. Analysis of clinical subgroups showed no association with hydrocephalus, with effect sizes for associations with retinal disease and brain calcifications enhanced (OR=3.0-4.25; 0.004

Asunto(s)
Coriorretinitis/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/genética , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/genética , Adulto , Brasil , Preescolar , Coriorretinitis/etiología , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Patrón de Herencia/genética , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , América del Norte , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7 , Toxoplasmosis Congénita/complicaciones
17.
Virus Genes ; 40(1): 60-6, 2010 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19997970

RESUMEN

Dengue virus (DENV; Genus Flavivirus, Family Flaviviridae) has been circulating in Brazil since at least the mid-1980s and continues to be responsible for sporadic cases of Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever throughout this country. Here, we describe the full genomes of two new Brazilian DENV-serotype 1 (DENV-1) variants and analyze these together with all other available American DENV-1 full-genome sequences. Besides confirming the existence of various country-specific DENV-1 founder effects that have produced a high degree of geographical structure in the American DENV-1 population, we also identify that one of the new viruses is one of only three detectable intra-American DENV-1 recombinants. Although such obvious evidence of genetic exchange among epidemiologically unlinked Latin American DENV-1 sequences is relatively rare, we find that at the population-scale there exists substantial evidence of pervasive recombination that most likely occurs between viruses that are so genetically similar that it is not possible to reliably distinguish and characterize individual recombination events.


Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue/genética , Variación Genética , Genoma Viral , Aedes , Animales , Línea Celular , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
18.
Vet Parasitol ; 159(1): 55-9, 2009 Jan 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19042088

RESUMEN

The development of anthelmintic resistance has made the search for alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants imperative. Among these alternatives are several medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintics. This work evaluated the efficacy of Cocos nucifera fruit on sheep gastrointestinal parasites. The ethyl acetate extract obtained from the liquid of green coconut husk fiber (LGCHF) was submitted to in vitro and in vivo tests. The in vitro assay was based on egg hatching (EHT) and larval development tests (LDT) with Haemonchus contortus. The concentrations tested in the EHT were 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg ml(-1), while in the LDT they were 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg ml(-1). The in vivo assay was a controlled test. In this experiment, 18 sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were divided into three groups (n=6), with the following doses administered: G1-400 mg kg(-1) LGCHF ethyl acetate extract, G2-0.2 mg kg(-1) moxidectin (Cydectin) and G3-3% DMSO. The worm burden was analyzed. The results of the in vitro and in vivo tests were submitted to ANOVA and analyzed by the Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively. The extract efficacy in the EHT and LDT, at the highest concentrations tested, was 100% on egg hatching and 99.77% on larval development. The parameters evaluated in the controlled test were not statistically different, showing that despite the significant results of the in vitro tests, the LGCHF ethyl acetate extract showed no activity against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes.


Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Cocos/química , Hemoncosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Haemonchus/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia/veterinaria , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/tratamiento farmacológico , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hemoncosis/parasitología , Hemoncosis/veterinaria , Haemonchus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Parasitosis Intestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas
19.
Neuron ; 18(4): 529-37, 1997 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9136763

RESUMEN

Little is known about the physiological principles that govern large-scale neuronal interactions in the mammalian brain. Here, we describe an electrophysiological paradigm capable of simultaneously recording the extracellular activity of large populations of single neurons, distributed across multiple cortical and subcortical structures in behaving and anesthetized animals. Up to 100 neurons were simultaneously recorded after 48 microwires were implanted in the brain stem, thalamus, and somatosensory cortex of rats. Overall, 86% of the implanted microwires yielded single neurons, and an average of 2.3 neurons were discriminated per microwire. Our population recordings remained stable for weeks, demonstrating that this method can be employed to investigate the dynamic and distributed neuronal ensemble interactions that underlie processes such as sensory perception, motor control, and sensorimotor learning in freely behaving animals.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiología , Electrofisiología/métodos , Neuronas/fisiología , Animales , Encéfalo/citología , Comunicación Celular , Electrofisiología/instrumentación , Diseño de Equipo , Espacio Extracelular/fisiología , Ratas
20.
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) ; 17(5): 431-43, 2008 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18625004

RESUMEN

This paper aims to evaluate the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy using a systematic review of literature searched within electronic databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, LILACS, and 'The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register'. Studies chosen were randomized clinical trials comprising all publications of each database until December 2006. From 12 749 initially identified papers, 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review, with demonstration of superiority of the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids compared with conventional drugs and placebo. The adverse effects were more intense and occurred more often among patients who used cannabinoids. Five meta-analyses were carried out: (1) dronabinol versus placebo [n=185; relative risk (RR)=0.47; confidence interval (CI)=0.19-1.16]; (2) Dronabinol versus neuroleptics [n=325; RR=0.67; CI=0.47-0.96; number needed to treat (NNT)=3.4]; (3) nabilone versus neuroleptics (n=277; RR=0.88; CI=0.72-1.08); (4) levonantradol versus neuroleptics (n=194; RR=0.94; CI=0.75-1.18); and (5) patients' preference for cannabis or other drugs (n=1138; RR=0.33; CI=0.24-0.44; NNT=1.8). The superiority of the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids was demonstrated through meta-analysis.


Asunto(s)
Antieméticos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Cannabinoides/uso terapéutico , Náusea/tratamiento farmacológico , Vómitos/tratamiento farmacológico , Cannabis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Náusea/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vómitos/inducido químicamente
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