Effects of Dignity Therapy on individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Case studies.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects of Dignity Therapy (DT) on the physical, existential, and psychosocial symptoms of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS: This is a mixed-methods case study research that used the concurrent triangulation strategy to analyze the effects of DT on 3 individuals with ALS. Data collection included 3 instances of administering validated scales to assess multiple physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, spiritual well-being, and the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI), followed by the implementation of DT and a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: The scale results indicate that DT led to an improvement in the assessment of physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and existential symptoms according to the score results. It is worth noting that the patient with a recent diagnosis showed higher scores for anxiety and depression after DT. Regarding the PDI, the scores indicate improvements in the sense of dignity in all 3 cases, which aligns with the positive verbal reports after the implementation of DT. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: This study allowed us to analyze the effects of DT on the physical, existential, and psychosocial symptoms of individuals with ALS, suggesting the potential benefits of this approach for this group of patients. Participants reported positive effects regarding pain and fatigue, could reflect on their life trajectories, and regained their value and meaning.

Reflections on theoretical framework use in nursing research.

OBJECTIVES: to reflect on theoretical framework use in nursing research. METHODS: a theoretical-reflexive study, based on concepts and constructs pertinent to using nursing theories and other sciences, considering issues of epistemology or philosophy of science. RESULTS: we presented what it is and why to do nursing research and what a theoretical framework is and why to use it, in addition to some considerations regarding theoretical framework use in nursing research, essential for constructing disciplinary knowledge, which enables the materialization of researchers' work and the presentation of propositions resulting from investigations in and for nursing as a discipline and science. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: based on a reflection based on epistemological conceptions, it is possible to affirm that a theoretical framework is the core of researchers' thinking, delimiting a problem to be investigated and, based on it, outlining methodological strategies to be followed, supporting nursing action and thinking as discipline and science.

Contributions of representing the elements of nursing practice in the ISO 18.104:2023 standard: a theoretical study.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the contributions of representing nursing practice elements in the ISO 18.104:2023 standard. METHOD: This is a theoretical study with standard analysis. Categorical structures were described to represent nursing practice in terminological systems and contributions identified in the parts of the version were analyzed. RESULTS: There is innovation in the inclusion of nurse sensitive outcomes, nursing action, nursing diagnosis explanation as an indicator of nursing service demand and complexity of care, representation of concepts through mental maps and suggestion of use of restriction models for nursing actions. It describes that the Nursing Process is constituted by nursing diagnosis, nursing action and nurse sensitive outcomes. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Indicating a nursing diagnosis as an indicator will bring benefits for knowledge production and decision-making. Although care outcomes are not exclusive responses to nursing action, the modifiable attributes of a nursing diagnosis generate knowledge about clinical practice, nursing action effectiveness and subjects of care' health state. There is coherence in understanding the Nursing Process concept evolution.

Management technology for implementing the Systematization of Nursing Care.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the construction of a management technology aimed at implementing the Systematization of Nursing Care in nursing services. METHOD: This is a methodological, qualitative and explanatory study, based on the normative and legal framework of COFEN Resolution 358/2009. It comprised the theoretical construction of instruments for practice anchored in the literature and expertise of a group of 40 nurses, between April 2020 and June 2021. RESULTS: The technology is outlined from the dimensions of method, personnel and nursing instruments that support the Systematization of Nursing Care tripod. It consists of an explanatory model of an operational management matrix and a checklist-type instrument for follow-up/monitoring of Systematization of Nursing Care management in services. CONCLUSION: Management technology is inserted as a solution to improve organizational performance, health care, clinical decision support, planning, administration, organization of services and professional practice, and create favorable conditions for applying the Process of Nursing at its fullest.

[Caring for the patient in the process of dying at the Intensive Care Unit]. / Cuidando do paciente no processo de morte na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

The objective of this study is to characterize how nursing care is performed at the ICU to patients with no possibility of cure. Ten nurses were interviewed. The field study was performed at the Intensive Care Unit of a public teaching hospital. For the nurses, there is no uniform pattern of care. Furthermore, according to their reports, it was observed that there is an overestimation of the technical care over the emotional, social and spiritual aspects. It was, however, observed that nurses are strongly with the suffering of the family in view of their loss. Results show that nurses must understand death as a part of the life cycle and review care as the essence of nursing, thus increasing the discussions on the issue in both the academic and daily practice environments.

Clinical applicability of the terminological subset of palliative care for dignified dying.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical applicability of the terminological subset of the international classification for the nursing practice of palliative care for a dignified dying, in oncology. METHOD: Prospective study evaluating the clinical applicability of 33 nursing diagnoses/outcomes and 220 nursing interventions. It used case studies of 20 cancer patients undergoing palliation. The nursing process steps were operated by two nurses. Descriptive statistics was used to present, according to the theoretical model, the nursing diagnoses/outcomes and interventions identified in the patients. All statements identified in patients at some point during care were considered applicable in clinical practice. RESULTS: Twenty-nine nursing diagnoses/outcomes and 197 nursing interventions from the subset were identified. CONCLUSION: In the context of palliative care in patients with cancer, the clinical applicability of 87.8% of the diagnoses/outcomes and 89.5% of the interventions that make up the palliative care terminological subset for dignified dying is affirmed.

Ineffective health control: concept analysis.

OBJECTIVES: to identify and synthesize the concept of Ineffective Health Control. METHODS: Concept Analysis from the perspective of Walker and Avant, operationalized by an integrative review in the databases Scopus, LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science Direct e Cochrane, using the descriptors: Adhesion to Medication; Cooperation and Adherence to Treatment and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. RESULTS: five critical attributes were identified for the concept, namely: patient's refusal to follow the therapeutic plan; abandoning treatment and worsening signs and symptoms; difficulty in reaching agreed goals; difficulty following health professionals' guidelines; multifactorial and dynamic process. CONCLUSIONS: the concept of Ineffective Health Control is characterized by a multifactorial and dynamic process evidenced by the patient's refusal to follow a therapeutic plan, favouring the abandonment of treatment and resulting in the worsening of signs and symptoms and failure to reach goals.

(Lack of) oral hygiene care for hospitalized elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the oral hygiene care for hospitalized elderly patients provided by the nursing staff. METHOD: this is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study carried out in a university hospital, with the participation of 35 professionals from the nursing staff. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, explored through thematic content analysis. RESULTS: two categories emerged: The oral hygiene of hospitalized elderly patients as an extension of body care and Barriers in (lack of) care with the oral hygiene of hospitalized elderly patients, with two subcategories: The oral hygiene and dental prosthesis technique performed divergently; Care hampered by deficit of materials and human resources. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this study showed weaknesses in the oral hygiene care of hospitalized elderly patients, promoting reflections on the practice informed in data and management actions, allowing recommendations of care standards for the nursing staff.

The health/disease transition process in chronic kidney disease patients: Contributions to nursing care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the facilitating and hindering conditions of the health/disease transition process in a group of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment based on the theoretical framework of the Transition Theory. METHOD: A descriptive study implementing a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews conducted between March and April 2018. The Content Analysis Technique was used for analysis and discussion as a methodological framework and the explanatory model of the Transition Theory as a theoretical framework. RESULTS: Twenty-five (25) patients participated in the study. The conditioning factors of the transition process were identified and organized into three thematic categories: Personal conditioning factors in the transition process; Community conditioning factors in the transition process; and Social conditioning factors in the transition process. CONCLUSION: A predominance of hindering conditioning factors was evidenced in the personal dimension, while facilitating conditioning factors were shown in relation to the community dimension, and finally the conditioning factors were equal regarding the social dimension.

Brazilian Nursing Process Research Network contributions for assistance in the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the theoretical construction process of nursing process support documents in COVID-19 care scenarios. METHODS: an experience report of the joint activity of the Brazilian Nursing Process Research Network (Rede de Pesquisa em Processo de Enfermagem) composed of Higher Education and Health Institution researchers in Brazil. RESULTS: five instruments were organized collectively, involving the elements of nursing practice (nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions) in assistance for community; for patients (with suspected or mild, moderate, and critical COVID-19 and residents in Nursing Homes); for nursing workers' health support, also subsidizing registration and documentation during the COVID-19 pandemic. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: valuing the phenomena manifested by families/communities, patients and health professionals is essential for early detection, intervention, and prevention of diseases.

Reflections on theoretical framework use in nursing research / Reflexiones sobre el uso de referentes teóricos en la investigación en enfermería / Reflexões sobre o uso de referenciais teóricos nas pesquisas em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on theoretical framework use in nursing research. Methods: a theoretical-reflexive study, based on concepts and constructs pertinent to using nursing theories and other sciences, considering issues of epistemology or philosophy of science. Results: we presented what it is and why to do nursing research and what a theoretical framework is and why to use it, in addition to some considerations regarding theoretical framework use in nursing research, essential for constructing disciplinary knowledge, which enables the materialization of researchers' work and the presentation of propositions resulting from investigations in and for nursing as a discipline and science. Final Considerations: based on a reflection based on epistemological conceptions, it is possible to affirm that a theoretical framework is the core of researchers' thinking, delimiting a problem to be investigated and, based on it, outlining methodological strategies to be followed, supporting nursing action and thinking as discipline and science.

RESUMEN Objetivos: reflexionar sobre el uso de referentes teóricos en la investigación en enfermería. Métodos: estudio teórico-reflexivo, basado en conceptos y constructos relevantes para el uso de las teorías de enfermería y otras ciencias, considerando cuestiones de epistemología o filosofía de la ciencia. Resultados: presentamos qué es y por qué hacer investigación en enfermería y qué es el marco teórico y por qué utilizarlo, además de algunas consideraciones sobre el uso de marcos teóricos en la investigación en enfermería, esencial para la construcción del conocimiento disciplinar, que posibilita la materialización del trabajo del investigador y la presentación de proposiciones resultantes de las investigaciones en y para la enfermería como disciplina y ciencia. Consideraciones Finales: a partir de una reflexión sustentada en concepciones epistemológicas, es posible afirmar que el marco teórico es el núcleo del pensamiento del investigador, al delimitar un problema a investigar y, con base en él, delinear las estrategias metodológicas a seguir, apoyando la acción y el pensamiento de la enfermería como disciplina y ciencia.

RESUMO Objetivos: refletir sobre o uso de referenciais teóricos nas pesquisas em enfermagem. Métodos: estudo teórico-reflexivo, fundamentado em conceitos e construtos pertinentes ao uso das teorias da enfermagem e outras ciências, considerando questões da epistemologia ou filosofia das ciências. Resultados: apresentamos o que é e por que fazer pesquisa em enfermagem, o que é o referencial teórico e por que utilizá-lo, além de ponderações concernentes ao uso de referenciais teóricos em enfermagem, essenciais para construção do conhecimento disciplinar, que possibilita a materialização do trabalho do pesquisador e a apresentação das proposições resultantes das investigações na e para a enfermagem enquanto ciência. Considerações Finais: a partir da reflexão pautada em concepções epistemológicas, é possível afirmar que o referencial teórico é o core do pensamento do pesquisador, ao delimitar um problema a ser investigado e, a partir dele, traçar estratégias metodológicas a serem seguidas, fundamentando o agir e pensar da enfermagem enquanto ciência.

Contributions of representing the elements of nursing practice in the ISO 18.104:2023 standard: a theoretical study / Contribuições da representação dos elementos da prática de enfermagem na norma ISO 18.104:2023: estudo teórico / Aportes de la representación de los elementos de la práctica de enfermería en la norma ISO 18.104:2023: estudio teórico

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the contributions of representing nursing practice elements in the ISO 18.104:2023 standard. Method: This is a theoretical study with standard analysis. Categorical structures were described to represent nursing practice in terminological systems and contributions identified in the parts of the version were analyzed. Results: There is innovation in the inclusion of nurse sensitive outcomes, nursing action, nursing diagnosis explanation as an indicator of nursing service demand and complexity of care, representation of concepts through mental maps and suggestion of use of restriction models for nursing actions. It describes that the Nursing Process is constituted by nursing diagnosis, nursing action and nurse sensitive outcomes. Final considerations: Indicating a nursing diagnosis as an indicator will bring benefits for knowledge production and decision-making. Although care outcomes are not exclusive responses to nursing action, the modifiable attributes of a nursing diagnosis generate knowledge about clinical practice, nursing action effectiveness and subjects of care' health state. There is coherence in understanding the Nursing Process concept evolution.

RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre as contribuições da representação dos elementos da prática de enfermagem na norma ISO 18.104:2023. Método: Estudo teórico com análise da norma. Foram descritas estruturas categoriais para representação da prática da enfermagem nos sistemas terminológicos e analisadas as contribuições identificadas nas partes da versão. Resultados: Há inovação na inclusão do resultado sensível à ação da enfermeira, explicitação do diagnóstico de enfermagem como indicador da demanda de serviços e complexidade de assistência, representação dos conceitos por mapas mentais e sugestão do uso de modelos de restrição para ações de enfermagem. Descreve que o Processo de Enfermagem é constituído pelo diagnóstico, ação e resultado sensível à ação da enfermeira. Considerações finais: A indicação do diagnóstico de enfermagem como um indicador trará benefícios para produção de conhecimento e tomada de decisão. Embora os resultados do cuidado não sejam respostas exclusivas a uma ação da enfermeira, os atributos modificáveis de um diagnóstico de enfermagem geram conhecimentos sobre a prática clínica, a eficácia das ações de enfermagem e o estado de saúde dos sujeitos de cuidado. Há coerência na compreensão da evolução do conceito de Processo de Enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre los aportes de representar los elementos de la práctica de enfermería en la norma ISO 18.104:2023. Método: Estudio teórico con análisis de la norma. Se describieron estructuras categóricas para representar la práctica de enfermería en sistemas terminológicos y se analizaron las contribuciones identificadas en las partes de la versión. Resultados: Hay innovación en la inclusión del resultado sensible a la acción del enfermero, explicación del diagnóstico de enfermería como indicador de demanda de servicios y complejidad del cuidado, representación de conceptos a través de mapas mentales y sugerencia del uso de modelos de restricción para las acciones de enfermería. Describe que el Proceso de Enfermería está constituido por el diagnóstico, la acción y el resultado sensible a la acción del enfermero. Consideraciones finales: La indicación del diagnóstico de enfermería como indicador traerá beneficios para la producción de conocimiento y la toma de decisiones. Aunque los resultados del cuidado no son respuestas exclusivas a la acción del enfermero, los atributos modificables de un diagnóstico de enfermería generan conocimiento sobre la práctica clínica, la efectividad de las acciones de enfermería y el estado de salud de los sujetos del cuidado. Hay coherencia en la comprensión de la evolución del concepto de Proceso de Enfermería.

Intervenções de enfermagem para pessoas com dor crônica em paliação: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Intervenciones de enfermería para personas con dolor paliativo crónico: protocolo de revisión del alcance / Nursing interventions for people with chronic palliation pain: scoping review protocol

Objetivo: mapear intervenções de enfermagem no manuseio da dor crônica em adultos e idosos em cuidados paliativos. Método: trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo, alicerçado nas diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute e nas recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. Serão utilizadas cinco bases de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHAL e National Grey Literature Collection, utilizando os descritores em saúde, a fim de responder a pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais intervenções de enfermagem são realizáveis no cuidado da dor crônica em indivíduos adultos e idosos em cuidados paliativos no campo da Enfermagem?" O processo de busca, identificação e avaliação será realizado por dois avaliadores independentes. Serão incluídos artigos nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, que atendiam ao objetivo. Os dados serão incluídos em uma planilha previamente construída e apresentados em tabelas, figuras e diagramas.

Objetivo: mapear las intervenciones de enfermería en el manejo del dolor crónico en adultos y adultos mayores en cuidados paliativos. Método: se trata de un protocolo de revisión exploratoria, basado en las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute y las recomendaciones de los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. Se utilizarán cinco bases de datos: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL y National Grey Literature Collection, utilizando los descriptores de salud, con el fin de responder a la pregunta de investigación: "¿Qué intervenciones de enfermería son alcanzables en el cuidado del dolor crónico en adultos y ancianos en cuidados paliativos en el campo de la Enfermería?" El proceso de búsqueda, identificación y evaluación estará a cargo de dos evaluadores independientes. Se incluirán artículos en inglés, portugués y español, que cumplieron con el objetivo. Los datos se incluirán en una hoja de cálculo previamente construida y se presentarán en tablas, figuras y diagramas.

Objective: mapping nursing interventions in the management of chronic pain in adults and elderly in palliative care. Method: this is a scope review protocol, based on the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols. Five databases will be used: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and National Grey Literature Collection, using the descriptors in health, to answer the research question: "Which nursing interventions are feasible in the care of chronic pain in adults and elderly in palliative care in the field of Nursing?" The search, identification and evaluation process will be performed by two independent evaluators. Articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish will be included, which met the objective. The data will be included in a previously constructed spreadsheet and presented in tables, figures and diagrams.

Intervenções de enfermagem para pessoas em tratamento hemodialítico: validação de conteúdo / Nursing interventions for people undergoing hemodialysis treatment: content validity / Intervenciones de enfermería para personas en tratamiento de hemodiálisis: validación de contenido

Objetivo: validar intervenções de enfermagem para pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico, a partir de um cluster de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem e com base na Teoria das Transições. Métodos: estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo de intervenções de enfermagem por especialistas, no qual foram avaliadas a pertinência e relevância das mesmas por meio de uma escala tipo Likert. Foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), considerando aceitável IVC ≥ 0,80. Resultados: foram identificadas 125 intervenções de enfermagem, com base em dois sistemas de Linguagem Padronizada da Enfermagem. Na primeira rodada de validação, 104 enunciados alcançaram IVC ≥ 0,80; cinco foram eliminados (IVC < 0,70) e 16 atingiram IVC ≥ 0,70 e < 0,80, os quais foram enviados para a segunda rodada. Destes, 10 alcançaram IVC ≥ 0,80, dos quais dois foram desmembrados, e seis foram eliminadas (IVC < 0,70). Conclusão: foram validadas 116 intervenções de enfermagem para o atendimento a pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico, as quais representam uma base para a prática clínica baseada em evidência.

Objective: to validate nursing interventions for people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis based on a cluster of nursing diagnoses/outcomes and based on the Transitions Theory. Methods: a methodological study of content validity of nursing interventions by experts, in which their pertinence and relevance were assessed using a Likert scale. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated, considering CVI ≥ 0.80 acceptable. Results: 125 nursing interventions were identified, based on two Standardized Nursing Language systems. In the first round of validity, 104 statements achieved CVI ≥0.80, five were eliminated (CVI < 0.70) and 16 achieved CVI ≥ 0.70 and < 0.80, which were sent to the second round. Of these, 10 achieved CVI ≥ 0.80, of which two were disbanded, and six were eliminated (CVI < 0.70). Conclusion: a total of 116 nursing interventions was validated to care for people with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, which represents a basis for evidence-based clinical practice.

Objetivo: validar intervenciones de enfermería para personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis a partir de un conjunto de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermería y basados en la Teoría de las Transiciones. Métodos: estudio metodológico de validación de contenido de intervenciones de enfermería por parte de especialistas, en el que se evaluó su pertinencia y relevancia mediante una escala Likert. Se calculó el Índice de Validez de Contenido (CVI), considerando aceptable un CVI ≥ 0,80. Resultados: se identificaron 125 intervenciones de enfermería basadas en dos sistemas de Lenguaje Estandarizado de Enfermería. En la primera ronda de validación, 104 declaraciones alcanzaron CVI ≥ 0,80, cinco fueron eliminadas (CVI < 0,70) y 16 alcanzaron CVI ≥ 0,70 y < 0,80, las cuales fueron enviadas a la segunda ronda. De ellos, 10 alcanzaron un CVI ≥ 0,80, de los cuales dos fuerom desmembrados y seis fueron eliminados (CVI < 0,70). Conclusión: se validaron 116 intervenciones de enfermería para cuidar a personas con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis, las cuales representan una base para la práctica clínica basada en evidencia.

Family conference in palliative care: concept analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the attributes, antecedents and consequents of the family conference concept. METHOD: Walker and Avante's method for concept analysis and the stages of the integrative review process, with a selection of publications in the PubMed, Cinahl and Lilacs databases focusing on the family conference theme in the context of palliative care. RESULTS: the most cited antecedents were the presence of doubts and the need to define a care plan. Family reunion and working instrument were evidenced as attributes. With respect to consequents, to promote the effective communication and to establish a plan of consensual action were the most remarkable elements. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the scarcity of publications on the subject was observed, as well as and the limitation of the empirical studies to the space of intensive therapy. Thus, by analyzing the attributes, antecedents and consequents of the concept it was possible to follow their evolution and to show their efficacy and effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention.

Cuidar de pessoas em paliação: o olhar do familiar cuidador / Caring for people undergoing palliation: the look of the family caregiver / Cuidar a personas en paliación: la mirada del cuidador familiar

Objetivo: Compreender a visão do familiar ao assumir o papel de cuidador de um ente em paliação. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 27 familiares cuidadores de pacientes com diagnóstico oncológico acompanhados num ambulatório de uma cidade de grande porte no estado de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados usando a entrevista semiestruturada e organizados no Software IRaMuTeQ®, considerando a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, possibilitando assim a sua análise e discussão à luz da Teoria de Enfermagem Humanística. Resultados: Foi possível inferir que os familiares têm conhecimento sobre o diagnóstico de câncer; conhecem os riscos da doença e tratamento e, demonstram resiliência e altruísmo ao prestar os cuidados com amor e afeto. Reconhecem que para uma boa adesão ao tratamento, paciente e família precisam se sentirem acolhidos por toda equipe, com ênfase na equipe de enfermagem. Considerações finais: Possibilita refletir sobre a importância do familiar no processo de tratamento, e aponta para a necessidade de que a equipe esclareça sobre as mudanças que este familiar enfrentará no processo de cuidar, assim como de que seja dada visibilidade ao que são os cuidados paliativos, de modo a proporcional alívio ao sofrimento do paciente e família.

Objective: To understand the view of the family member when assuming the role of caregiver of a person undergoing palliation. Method: Exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 27 family caregivers of patients with an oncological diagnosis followed at an outpatient clinic in a large city in the state of Pernambuco. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and organized in the IRaMuTeQ® Software, considering Bardin's Content Analysis Technique, thus enabling its analysis and discussion in the light of the Humanistic Nursing Theory. Results: It was possible to infer that family members are aware of the cancer diagnosis; they know the risks of the disease and treatment and demonstrate resilience and altruism when providing care with love and affection. They recognize that for good adherence to treatment, the patient and family need to feel welcomed by the entire team, with an emphasis on the nursing team. Final considerations: It makes it possible to reflect on the importance of the family member in the treatment process, and points to the need for the team to clarify the changes that this family member will face in the care process, as well as to give visibility to what palliative care is, in order to provide relief in the suffering of the patient and family.

Objetivo Comprender la mirada del familiar al asumir el rol de cuidador de una persona en paliación. Método: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 27 cuidadores familiares de pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico seguidos en un ambulatorio de una gran ciudad del estado de Pernambuco. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista semiestructurada y organizados en el Software IRaMuTeQ®, considerando la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido de Bardin, posibilitando así su análisis y discusión a la luz de la Teoría Humanística de Enfermería. Resultados: Se pudo inferir que los familiares conocen el diagnóstico de cáncer; conocen los riesgos de la enfermedad y el tratamiento y demuestran resiliencia y altruismo al brindar atención con amor y afecto. Reconocen que para una buena adherencia al tratamiento, el paciente y la familia necesitan sentirse acogidos por todo el equipo, con énfasis en el equipo de enfermería. Consideraciones finales: Permite reflexionar sobre la importancia del familiar en el proceso de tratamiento, y apunta la necesidad de que el equipo aclare los cambios que este familiar enfrentará en el proceso de cuidado, así como dar visibilidad a lo que son los cuidados paliativos, con el fin de brindar alivio en el sufrimiento del paciente y su familia.

O cuidado às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico e suas repercussões na família / El cuidado a las personas en sufrimiento psíquico y sus repercusiones en la familia / Care for people with psychological distress and its repercussions on the family

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como o cuidado cotidiano das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico repercute na vida do familiar cuidador e mensurar o seu nível de sobrecarga. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem mista. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando-se entrevista semiestruturada e aplicação da escala Zarit Burden Interview com quinze familiares de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico que são acompanhadas numa unidade do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial III de um município da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de fevereiro e agosto de 2021 e organizados e analisados segundo a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática e discutidos com base na literatura. Resultados: com a correlação das variáveis foi possível inferir o nível de sobrecarga objetiva e subjetiva, além dos sentimentos expressos por esses familiares. Seis familiares tiveram avaliação, a partir da escala ZBI, de sobrecarga moderada a severa, com pontuações variando entre 43 e 54. A partir das unidades de significado emergiram três categorias temáticas que permitiram ilustrar, conforme o infográfico, a representação de como o cuidado cotidiano das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico repercute na vida do familiar cuidador. Considerações finais: apreendeu-se que o cuidado às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico tem sido realizado predominantemente por mulheres negras, refletindo as desigualdades de gênero e raça, envolve sentimentos e expectativas ambivalentes, níveis diferenciados de sobrecarga e necessidade de suporte social e do Estado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo el cuidado cotidiano de las personas en sufrimiento psíquico repercute en la vida del familiar cuidador y medir su nivel de sobrecarga. Método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, de abordaje mixto. La recolección de los datos fue realizada utilizando entrevista semiestructurada y aplicación de la escala Zarit Burden Interview con quince familiares de personas en sufrimiento psíquico que son acompañadas en una unidad del Centro de Atención Psicosocial III de un municipio de la Región Metropolitana de Salvador/Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos entre los meses de febrero y agosto de 2021. Organizados y analizados según la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido Temático y discutidos con base en la literatura. Resultados: con la correlación de las variables fue posible inferir el nivel de sobrecarga objetiva y subjetiva, además de los sentimientos expresados por esos familiares. Seis familiares tuvieron evaluación, a partir de la escala ZBI, de sobrecarga moderada a severa, con puntuaciones variando entre 43 y 54. A partir de las unidades de significado surgieron tres categorías temáticas que permitieron ilustrar, conforme el infográfico, la representación de cómo el cuidado cotidiano a las personas en sufrimiento psíquico repercute en la vida del familiar cuidador. Consideraciones finales: se comprendió que el cuidado a las personas en sufrimiento psíquico se ha realizado predominantemente por las mujeres negras, reflejando las desigualdades de género y raza; implica sentimientos y expectativas ambivalentes; niveles diferenciados de sobrecarga y necesidad de apoyo social y del Estado.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how the daily care of people in psychological distress affects the life of the family caregiver and to measure the level of caregiver burden. Method: this is an exploratory and descriptive study with a mixed approach. Data was collected using a semistructured interview and the Zarit Burden Interview with 15 family members of people in psychological distress who were followed up at a CAPS III unit in a city in the metropolitan region of Salvador. Data were collected between February and August 2021, organized and analyzed using the Thematic Content Analysis technique and discussed based on existing literature. Results: the correlation of the variables revealed the level of objective and subjective burden, in addition to the feelings expressed by these family members. Six family members had moderate to severe burden according to the ZBI scale, with scores ranging from 43 to 54. The units of meaning gave rise to three thematic categories, which were presented in the infographic and illustrate how the daily care of people with psychological distress affects the lives of family caregivers. Final considerations: the study revealed that care for people in psychological distress has been carried out mainly by black women, reflecting gender and race inequalities, and that this care involves ambivalent feelings and expectations, varying levels of burden, and the need for social and state support.

Cuidado à pessoa idosa institucionalizada na perspectiva de um fim de vida pacífico / Atención a la persona mayor institucionalizada en la perspectiva de un fin de vida pacífico / Care for the institutionalized elderly in the perspective of a peaceful end of life

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como são prestados os cuidados ao fim da vida às pessoas idosas na Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) sob a ótica da Teoria do Final de Vida Pacífico. Método: estudo descritivo, interpretativo de natureza clínico qualitativa, realizado com 12 colaboradoras de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos numa cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio e junho de 2021. Foram organizados com auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ e analisados de acordo com a Teoria do Final de Vida Pacífico. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: suporte à família, desconhecimento e medo da equipe e suas implicações no cuidado à pessoa idosa no fim da vida e cuidados para a promoção do conforto à pessoa idosa no fim da vida. Considerações finais: controle da dor e conforto físico foram mais presentes sobre os cuidados ao fim da vida na ILPI, destacando a necessidade de maior investimento na educação permanente da equipe de cuidadores para que possam prestar cuidados ao idoso e a sua família, especialmente no tocante à autonomia e à preparação do luto. O estudo permite compreender como são prestados os cuidados profissionais ao fim da vida de idosos em Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo se prestan los cuidados al final de la vida a las personas mayores en la Institución de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos (ILPA) bajo la óptica de la Teoría del Final de Vida Pacífico. Método: estudio descriptivo, interpretativo de naturaleza clínico cualitativa, realizado con 12 colaboradoras de una Institución de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos en una ciudad del nordeste de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en mayo y junio de 2021. Fueron organizados con la ayuda del software IRaMuTeQ y analizados de acuerdo con la Teoría del Final de Vida Pacífico. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: apoyo a la familia, desconocimiento y miedo del equipo y sus implicaciones en el cuidado de la persona anciana al final de la vida y cuidados para la promoción del confort a la persona anciana al final de la vida. Consideraciones finales: control del dolor y confort físico fueron más presentes sobre los cuidados al final de la vida en la ILPA, destacando la necesidad de mayor inversión en la educación permanente del equipo de cuidadores para que puedan prestar cuidados al anciano y a su familia, especialmente a lo que se refiere a la autonomía y preparación del luto. El estudio permite comprender cómo se prestan los cuidados profesionales al final de la vida de las personas mayores en Institución de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how care at the end of life is provided to the elderly in the Long Stay Institution for the Elderly (LSIE) from the perspective of the Peaceful End of Life Theory. Method: descriptive, interpretative study of a qualitative clinical nature, conducted with 12 collaborators of a Long Stay Institution for the Elderly in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data were collected in May and June 2021. They were organized with the help of IRaMuTeQ software and analyzed according to the Peaceful End of Life Theory. Results: two categories emerged: family support, lack of knowledge and fear of the team and their implications for the care of the elderly at the end of life and care for the promotion of comfort to the elderly at the end of life. Final considerations: pain control and physical comfort were more present on the care at the end of life in the LSIE, highlighting the need for greater investment in the permanent education of the caregiver team so that they can provide care to the elderly and their families, especially regarding autonomy and the preparation of mourning. The study allows us to understand how professional care is provided at the end of life of the elderly in a Long Stay Institution for the Elderly.

Construction and validation of nursing diagnoses for people in palliative care.

Objective: to construct and validate nursing diagnoses for people in palliative care based on the Dignity-Conserving Care Model and the International Classification for Nursing Practice. Method: a two-stage methodological study: 1) construction of the database of clinically and culturally relevant terms for the nursing care for people in palliative care and 2) construction of nursing diagnoses from the database of terms, based on the guidelines of the International Council of Nurses. Results: the 262 terms validated constituted a database of terms from which 56 nursing diagnoses were developed. Of these, 33 were validated by a group of 26 experts, and classified in the three categories of the Dignity-Conserving Care Model: illness-related concerns (21); dignity-conserving repertoire (9); and social dignity inventory (3). Conclusion: of the 33 validated diagnoses, 18 of them could be included in the update of the Catalog of the International Classification for Nursing Practice - palliative care for a dignified death. The study contributes to support the clinical reasoning and decision making of the nurse.

Nursing diagnoses for people living with hiv: relationships between terminologies / Diagnósticos de enfermería para personas que viven con vih: relaciones entre terminologías / Diagnósticos de enfermagem para pessoas vivendo com hiv: relações entre terminologias

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the relationships between nursing diagnoses for people living with HIV from the NANDA-International terminologies and International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) and to validate the equivalent meanings for diagnoses between language systems. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted in a reference hospital in northeastern Brazil, consisting of the following stages: 1) Identification of clinical findings through interviews and physical examinations with people living with HIV based on a validated script; 2) Structuring nursing diagnoses by means of Risner's clinical judgment; 3) Cross-mapping of nursing diagnosis statements with NANDA-I and ICNP® ; 4) Two rounds of Content validation using the Delphi technique with specialist nurses, for diagnoses with equivalent meanings between the systems. Data collection took place from August to November 2018. Results: in the preparation and identification of diagnoses, 135 nursing diagnoses were obtained, of which 62% (n=84) are included in the terminology of the ICNP® and 38% (n=51), from NANDA-International. For 81% (n=68) of the nursing diagnoses from the ICNP®, the absence of direct mapping in NANDA-international was identified, with 19% (n=16). The study showed that 47 diagnoses presented equivalent meanings. Conclusion: both systems enable the identification of nursing diagnoses accurately and have the ability to assist in the development of an individualized care plan for people living with HIV.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar las relaciones entre los diagnósticos de enfermería para personas que viven con el VIH a partir de las terminologías NANDA-International y la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE®) y validar la equivalencia de significados sobre diagnósticos entre sistemas lingüísticos. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital de referencia en el noreste de Brasil, que consta de las siguientes etapas: 1) Identificación de hallazgos clínicos a través de entrevistas y exámenes físicos com personas que viven con el VIH con base en un guión validado; 2) Estructuración de diagnósticos de enfermeira a través del juicio clínico de Risner; 3) Mapeo cruzado de las declaraciones de diagnóstico de enfermería com los sistemas de clasificación NANDA-I y CIPE®; 4) Dos rondas de Validación de Contenido mediante la técnica Delphi con enfermeras especialistas, para diagnósticos con equivalencia de significados entre sistemas. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de agosto a noviembre de 2018. Resultados: en la elaboración e identificación de diagnósticos se obtuvieron 135 diagnósticos de enfermería, de los cuales el 62% (n=84) están incluidos en la terminología de la CIPE® y el 38% (n=51), de la NANDAInternacional. Para el 81% (n=68) de los diagnósticos de enfermería de la CIPE®, se identificó la ausência de mapeo directo en la NANDA-internacional, con el 19% (n=16). El estudio mostró que 47 diagnósticos presentaron equivalencia de significados. Conclusión: ambos sistemas posibilitan la identificación de diagnósticos de enfermería con precisión y tienen la capacidad de auxiliar en la elaboración de un plan de atención individualizado para personas que viven com VIH.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar as relações entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem para pessoas vivendo com HIV das terminologias NANDA-Internacional e Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®) e validar a equivalência de significados dos diagnósticos entre os sistemas de linguagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital de referência no Nordeste do Brasil, constituído pelas etapas: 1) Identificação dos achados clínicos por meio de entrevista e exame físico com pessoas que viviam com HIV norteada por um roteiro validado; 2) Estruturação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem por meio do julgamento clínico de Risner; 3) Mapeamento cruzado dos enunciados de diagnósticos de enfermagem com os sistemas de classificação da NANDA-I e CIPE®; 4) Validação de conteúdo utilizando a técnica Delphi, em duas rodadas, com enfermeiros especialistas, para os diagnósticos com equivalência de significados entre os sistemas. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto a novembro de 2018. Resultados: na elaboração e identificação dos diagnósticos obtiveram-se 135 diagnósticos de enfermagem, destes, 62% (n=84) constam da terminologia da CIPE® e 38% (n=51), da NANDA-Internacional. Para 81% (n=68) dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da CIPE® foi identificada a ausência de mapeamento direto na NANDA-Internacional, constando 19% (n=16). O estudo evidenciou que 47 diagnósticos apresentaram equivalência de significados. Conclusão: ambos os sistemas possibilitam a identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem com acurácia e possuem a capacidade de auxiliar na elaboração de um plano de cuidados individualizado para pessoas vivendo com HIV.