Superior Capsular Reconstruction With Autologous Fascia Lata Using a Single Lateral-Row Technique Is an Effective Option in Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes of arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) with fascia lata autograft in patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) performed using a single lateral-row fixation technique. METHODS: We studied a retrospective case series of patients with large or massive IRCTs for ASCR with fascia lata autograft. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Constant score. Healing of the graft was assessed by magntic resonance imaging or ultrasound. Acromiohumeral distance was evaluated by radiographs. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients with an average age of 61 years and an average follow-up of 35 months (24-51 months) underwent ASCR with fascia lata autograft. There was a significant improvement in VAS (7.7-0.7), Constant score (36.0-78.7), forward elevation (115°-171°), external rotation (33°-50°), strength (0.3 kg-2.3 kg), and acromiohumeral distance (6.1 mm-8.6 mm) (P < 0.001). Graft failure was present in 13.8% of patients, as shown by magnetic resonance imaging (26 patients) or ultrasound (3 patients). Patients with failed ASCR showed worse Constant scores (68.5.8 vs 80.2, P = 0.007), worse VAS (2.5 vs 0.4, P = 0.00002), worse external rotation (20° vs 54°, P = 0.004), lower acromiohumeral distance (5mm vs 9mm, P = 0.007), and a high association with the presence of os acromiale (χ2P = 0.003). No revision or subsequent surgical procedures were required. CONCLUSIONS: ASCR, with autologous fascia lata and single lateral row configuration, is an effective option in irreparable rotator cuff tears and results in clinical and radiologic improvement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

HPV knowledge and impact of genital warts on self esteem and sexual life in Colombian patients.

BACKGROUND: Information on HPV knowledge in patients with genital warts is scarse as is the information on factors related to the impact on self-esteem and sex life among them. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of genital warts (GW) attending a major private out-patient clinic in Bogotá, Colombia. Patients underwent biopsy for pathological diagnosis, HPV-DNA testing and completed a questionnaire assessing HPV knowledge, and the consequences of GW on self-esteem and sexual life. Differences in proportions were assessed with a chi2 test. RESULTS: 106 men and 155 women had pathologic confirmation of GW. 51% of subjects had heard of HPV before consultation coming mainly from the media (82%). Less than half of the participants knew that HPV could be transmitted through non-penetrant sexual intercourse and only two thirds acknowledged HPV vaccine as a preventive measure against HPV infection. Impact on self-esteem was higher among women than men (90.3% vs 60.4%, [p < 0.01]). In men, factors related to a higher impact on sexual life were HPV awareness and age; in women they were higher education and anatomic location; external GW had a higher impact on sexual life in women (83% vs. 66%; [p = 0.05]). CONCLUSIONS: We found a low awareness of HPV and low knowledge on the vaccine as a preventive measure for associated diseases even in patients suffering from genital warts, highlighting the need for communication and education on HPV. Greater impact on self-esteem in women might reflect higher health consciousness among Latin American women.

Role of cMET in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.

Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is a member of a distinct subfamily of heterodimeric receptor tyrosine kinase receptors that specifically binds the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Binding to HGF leads to receptor dimerization/multimerization and phosphorylation, resulting in its catalytic activation. MET activation drives the malignant progression of several tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), by promoting signaling cascades that mainly result in alterations of cell motility, survival, and proliferation. MET is aberrantly activated in many human cancers through various mechanisms, including point mutations, gene amplification, transcriptional up-regulation, or ligand autocrine loops. MET promotes cell scattering, invasion, and protection from apoptosis, thereby acting as an adjuvant pro-metastatic gene for many tumor types. In CRC, MET expression confers more aggressiveness and worse clinical prognosis. With all of this rationale, inhibitors that target the HGF/MET axis with different types of response have been developed. HGF and MET are new promising targets to understand the pathogenesis of CRC and for the development of new, targeted therapies.

Main theoretical consumer behavioural models. A review from 1935 to 2021.

In the area of company economy, consumer behaviour and consumer attitudes to consumption and debt have been the subject of study ever since this discipline came into practice. This publication is a result of an initial work that provides a conceptual analyses and review, within a line of research that the authors are developing, the aim of which is to establish the characteristics that determine the current consumer behaviour and the actual patterns of conduct that make it possible to devise a new contextual psycho-economic model with regard to consumer behaviour. This work is an exhaustive theoretical review of the numerous authors, theories and models concerning consumer behaviour considered from 1935 to 2021.

Hormone Receptor-Positive / HER2-Negative Early Breast Cancer High-Risk Population: An Algorithm for Optimization Systemic Adjuvant Treatment Based on 2022 Updates.

Prognostic and predictive factors for early and late distant distance recurrence risk in estrogen-receptor positive and HER2-receptor negative early breast cancer are well known, but not all these variables work equally for the prediction. The following are the most widely accepted variables for categorizing risk levels: clinic-pathologic features (tumor size, lymph node involvement, histological grade, age, menopausal status, Ki-67 expression, estrogen, and progesterone expression), primary systemic treatment response (pathologic response and/or Ki-67 downstaging), and gene expression signatures stratification. Treatment guidelines from cancer societies and collaborative groups, online predict-tools, real-world data and experts' opinion recommends different adjuvant strategies (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, ovarian suppression, olaparib, or abemaciclib) depending on the low (< 10%), intermediate (10%-20%) or high-risk of distance recurrence at least in the first 5 years. Multiple randomized prospective trials were updated in 2022, that evidence allow us to perform a stratification of risk in pre- and postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor positive and HER2-receptor negative early breast cancer based on a combination of clinic-pathologic features and genomic assays and guide the adjuvant systemic treatment recommendation for those with high risk.

Relationship between Skin Temperature Variation and Muscle Damage Markers after a Marathon Performed in a Hot Environmental Condition.

This study aimed to assess the effect of a marathon running at a hot environmental temperature on the baseline skin temperature (Tsk) of the posterior day and to analyze the relationship between Tsk response and muscle damage markers variation. The Tsk, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase of 16 marathon runners were assessed four times before (15 days and 45 min) and after (24 h and 6 days) a marathon in a hot environment (thermal stress index = 28.3 ± 3.3 °C and humidity ~81%). The Tsk of thirteen different body regions of both right and left lower limbs were analyzed. Higher values after the marathon were observed than 45 min before in creatine kinase (174.3 ± 136.4 UI/L < 1159.7 ± 699.7 UI/L, p < 0.01 and large effect size) and lactate dehydrogenase (362.6 ± 99.9 UI/L < 438 ± 115.5 UI/L, p = 0.02 and moderate effect size). Generally, Tsk was higher the day after the marathon than at the other three moments (e.g., rectus femoris region, 6 days before vs. the day after, 95% confidence interval of the difference (0.3, 1.6 °C), p = 0.04 and large effect size). No relationship or correlation was observed between the variation of Tsk and muscle damage markers (p > 0.05). In conclusion, performing a marathon in a hot environmental condition results in a higher Tsk the day after the marathon. This increase in Tsk could be because of the heat generated by the marathon and its subsequent physiological processes (e.g., increase in endothelial nitric oxide, glycogen resynthesis, or increase of systemic hormones), which would be reflected in the Tsk due to the peripheral vasodilation promoted by the hot environment. However, among these processes, muscle damage does not seem to be of great importance due to the lack of an observed relationship between Tsk and muscle damage markers.

Intermittent Pneumatic Compression and Cold Water Immersion Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Recovery during Multi-Sports International Championship.

BACKGROUND: Congested-fixture championships are common during the selection of the athletes and teams participating in the Olympic Games. Throughout these tournaments, it is fundamental to perform optimally, rest well, and recover between competitions. This study aimed to (a) explore the effectiveness of the use of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and cold water immersion (CWI) to recover muscle mechanical function (MuscleMechFx), hydration status (HydS), pain perception (PainPercep), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), sleep hours, and sleep quality (SleepQual) during a regional multi-sports international championship and (b) compare these results by sex. METHODS: A total of 52 basketball and handball players were exposed to a recovery protocol after the competition as follows: IPC, sequential 20 min at 200 mmHg, and CWI, continuous 12 min at 12 °C. RESULTS: MuscleMechFx presented differences by match and sex (p = 0.058) in time of contraction of biceps femoris; SleepQual and sleep hours were different between matches (<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: IPC + CWI seems to be effective to maintain some MuscleMechFx, HydS, and recovery and pain perception during a congested multi-sport tournament.

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats.

Emotional memory has been primarily studied with fear-conditioning paradigms. Fear conditioning is a form of learning through which individuals learn the relationships between aversive events and otherwise neutral stimuli. The most-widely utilized procedures for studying emotional memories entail fear conditioning in rats. In these tasks, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is a footshock presented once or several times across single or several sessions, and the conditioned response (CR) is freezing. In a version of these procedures, called cued fear conditioning, a tone (conditioned stimulus, CS) is paired with footshocks (US) during the training phase. During the first test, animals are exposed to the same context in which training took place, and freezing responses are tested in the absence of footshocks and tones (i.e., a context test). During the second test, freezing is measured when the context is changed (e.g., by manipulating the smell and walls of the experimental chamber) and the tone is presented in the absence of footshocks (i.e., a cue test). Most cued fear conditioning procedures entail few tone-shock pairings (e.g., 1-3 trials in a single session). There is a growing interest in less common versions involving an extensive number of pairings (i.e., overtraining) related to the long-lasting effect called fear incubation (i.e., fear responses increase over time without further exposure to aversive events or conditioned stimuli). Extended fear-conditioning tasks have been key to the understanding of fear incubation's behavioral and neurobiological aspects, including its relationship with other psychological phenomena (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder). Here, we describe an extended fear-conditioning protocol that produces overtraining and fear incubation in rats. This protocol entails a single training session with 25 tone-shock pairings (i.e., overtraining) and a comparison of conditioned freezing responses during context and cue tests 48 h (short-term) and 6 weeks (long-term) after training.

[Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in paediatric patients in a hospital emergency department]. / Adecuación de la prescripción de antimicrobianos en población pediátrica en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario.

INTRODUCTION: Antibiotics represent one of the most widely prescribed therapeutic agents in children. It has been estimated that 30-50% of antibiotic prescriptions for this population are inappropriate. In this scenario, analysis of prescription data provides an invaluable source of information as a basis for implementing strategies for improvement in this field. OBJECTIVE: To assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in a paediatric population at an emergency department. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted on patients under 14 years who attended the emergency department during 2013. A random sample of 630 patients was selected (confidence level 99%, accuracy 5%). To assess the suitability of antibiotic prescriptions, the clinical practice was compared with an evidence-based guideline especially designed for this study. RESULTS: Antibiotics were prescribed to 16.5% patients (n=104). Antibiotic treatment was inappropriate in 51.9% patients (n=54). Unnecessary treatment was indicated in 40.7%, with wrong antibiotics chosen in 35.2%, and the posology was incorrect in 24.1% of them. The most frequent diseases with incorrectly prescribed antibiotics were: acute otitis media, episodes of wheezing, fever of unknown origin, acute pharyngo-tonsillitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prescribing seems to be inappropriate in up to half of the patients. These data reinforce the need to develop a paediatric antimicrobial stewardship program to decrease the unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents.

Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players / Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. y Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-17. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos diferentes. La experiencia deportiva de los jugadores fue de 6.5 ± 3.1 años. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: altura, peso, índice de masa corporal, masa músculo-esquelética, porcentaje de grasa, prueba de contramovimiento (CMJ) y prueba de Yo-Yo de Recuperación Intermitente Nivel I. Los principales resultados mostraron valores significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres en peso, talla, masa músculo-esquelética, distancia recorrida en la prueba Yo-Yo, en el VO2max, altura en el CMJ y en el tiempo de vuelo. El porcentaje de grasa fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Los jugadores pívots presentaron significativamente mayor estatura, peso corporal y porcentaje de grasa que las otras posiciones de juego. Los bases y los aleros cubrieron más metros en la prueba Yo-Yo y tuvieron mayor VO2máx que los pívots. Entre las categorías U16 y U18 no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable. Modelos de regresión mostraron la influencia del peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa músculo esquelética y la edad sobre el VO2máx y CMJ. Como conclusión, según el sexo y las posiciones de juego de los jugadores, estos indicadores variaron. Además, esta información será útil para procesos de promoción, desarrollo y diseño de entrenamientos de baloncesto juvenil en Costa Rica.

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. e Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-17. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever um perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica segundo o sexo, as posições de jogo e a categoria de idade. Foram avaliados 99 jogadores juvenis (43 mulheres e 56 homens; 18 armadores, 51 alas e 30 pivôs; 42 na categoria U16 e 57 na categoria U18) de oito equipes diferentes. A experiência esportiva dos jogadores foi de 6,5 ± 3,1 anos. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura, peso, índice de massa corporal, massa musculoesquelética e porcentagem de gordura, teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM) e teste de Yo-Yo de Recuperação Intermitente Nível I. Os principais resultados mostraram valores significativamente maiores em homens do que em mulheres com relação ao peso, tamanho, massa muscular esquelética, distância percorrida no teste Yo-Yo, VO2max, altura no SCM e no tempo de voo. A porcentagem de gordura foi maior em mulheres do que em homens. Os jogadores pivôs apresentaram significativamente maior estatura, peso corporal e porcentagem de gordura do que as outras posições de jogo. Os armadores e os alas cobriram mais metros no teste Yo-Yo e tiveram maior VO2max do que os pivôs. Entre as categorias U16 e U18 não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em nenhuma variável. Modelos de regressão mostraram a influência do peso, da porcentagem de gordura corporal, da massa musculoesquelética e da idade no VO2max e SCM. Conclui-se, portanto, que esses indicadores variam segundo o sexo e as posições dos jogadores. Além disso, essa informação será útil para processos de fomentação, desenvolvimento e desenho de treinamentos de basquete juvenil na Costa Rica.

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. & Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-17. The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.

The Professional Level and its Impact on Muscle Mechanical and Functional Performance in Costa Rican Soccer Players / Nivel profesional e impacto en el desempeño mecánico y funcional muscular en los jugadores de fútbol de Costa Rica / Nível profissional e impacto no desempenho mecânico e funcional dos músculos dos jogadores de futebol da Costa Rica

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body mass right lower limb 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; lean body mass leth lower limb 10.09 ± 0.92 kg. The variables assessed were muscle time of contraction, muscle radial displacement, delay time, squat jump, and countermovement jump. The devices used were dual ray absorptiometry, tensiomyography, and jump platform. There were differences in weight, body mass, and body fat % (Pro A< U17<Pro B). There was a difference in group squat jump performance (Pro A> U17). There were no significant differences in muscle time of contraction, delay time, or radial deformation. The knowledge of differences in both muscle functional and mechanical performance could lead to new training and recovery methods and protocols considering the player's professional levels.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento muscular mecánico y funcional de tres equipos de fútbol competitivos diferentes de la liga profesional de Costa Rica (U17, Pro A, Pro B). Edad 20.09 ± 4.32 años, ; masa corporal 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, ; altura 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; porcentaje de grasa 13.9 ± 5.06 %; masa magra 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; masa magra extremidad inferior derecha 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; masa magra izquierda miembro inferior izquierdo 10.09 ± 0,92 kg. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tiempo de contracción muscular, desplazamiento radial del músculo, tiempo de retraso, salto en cuclillas y salto de contraataque. Los dispositivos utilizados fueron la absorciometría de doble rayo, la tensiomiografía y la plataforma de salto. Se encontraron diferencias en la masa corporal y la grasa. % (Pro A < U17 < Pro B). Hubo diferencias en el rendimiento del salto en sentadilla por grupos (Pro A > U17). No hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de contracción muscular, el tiempo de retraso o la deformación radial. El conocimiento de las diferencias en Ttanto en el rendimiento funcional como en el mecánico del músculo podría conducir a nuevos métodos y protocolos de entrenamiento y recuperación considerando los niveles profesionales del jugador.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho mecânico e funcional de três diferentes equipes de futebol competitivas da liga profissional costarriquenha (U17, Pro A, Pro B). Idade 20,09 ± 4,32 anos, massa corporal 70,85 ± 7,45 kg, altura 174,56 ± 4,97 cm; percentual de gordura 13,9 ± 5,06%; massa magra 57,90 ± 4,88 kg; massa magra extremidade inferior direita 10,11 ± 0,87 kg; massa magra membro inferior esquerdo 10,09 ± 0,92 kg. As variáveis avaliadas foram: tempo de contração muscular, deslocamento radial do músculo, tempo de atraso, salto de cócoras e contra salto. Os dispositivos utilizados foram a absorciometria por raios-X com dupla energia, a tensiomiografia e a plataforma de salto. Foram encontradas diferenças na massa corporal e na gordura. % (Pro A <U17 <Pro B). Houve diferenças no desempenho do salto de agachamento por grupo (Pro A> U17). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no tempo de contração muscular, tempo de atraso ou deformação radial. O conhecimento das diferenças tanto no desempenho muscular funcional quanto mecânico poderia levar a novos métodos e protocolos de treinamento e recuperação, considerando os níveis profissionais do jogador.

Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players / Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. & Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-15. The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. y Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-15. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos diferentes. La experiencia deportiva de los jugadores fue de 6.5 ± 3.1 años. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: altura, peso, índice de masa corporal, masa de músculo esquelética y porcentaje de grasa, prueba de contramovimiento (CMJ) y prueba de Yo-Yo de Recuperación Intermitente Nivel I. Los principales resultados mostraron valores significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres en peso, talla, masa muscular esquelética, distancia recorrida en la prueba Yo-Yo, VO2max, altura en el CMJ y en el tiempo de vuelo. El porcentaje de grasa fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Los jugadores pívots presentaron significativamente mayor estatura, peso corporal y porcentaje de grasa que las otras posiciones de juego. Los bases y los aleros cubrieron más metros en la prueba Yo-Yo y tuvieron mayor VO2max que los pívots. Entre las categorías U16 y U18 no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable. Modelos de regresión mostraron la influencia del peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa músculo esquelética y la edad sobre el VO2max y CMJ. Como conclusión, según el sexo y las posiciones de juego de los jugadores, estos indicadores variaron. Además, esta información será útil para procesos de promoción, desarrollo y diseño de entrenamientos de baloncesto juvenil en Costa Rica.

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. e Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-15. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever um perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica segundo o sexo, as posições de jogo e a categoria de idade. Foram avaliados 99 jogadores juvenis (43 mulheres e 56 homens; 18 armadores, 51 alas e 30 pivôs; 42 na categoria U16 e 57 na categoria U18) de oito equipes diferentes. A experiência esportiva dos jogadores foi de 6,5 ± 3,1 anos. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura, peso, índice de massa corporal, massa musculoesquelética e porcentagem de gordura, teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM) e teste de Yo-Yo de Recuperação Intermitente Nível I. Os principais resultados mostraram valores significativamente maiores em homens do que em mulheres com relação ao peso, tamanho, massa muscular esquelética, distância percorrida no teste Yo-Yo, VO2max, altura no SCM e no tempo de voo. A porcentagem de gordura foi maior em mulheres do que em homens. Os jogadores pivôs apresentaram significativamente maior estatura, peso corporal e porcentagem de gordura do que as outras posições de jogo. Os armadores e os alas cobriram mais metros no teste Yo-Yo e tiveram maior VO2max do que os pivôs. Entre as categorias U16 e U18 não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em nenhuma variável. Modelos de regressão mostraram a influência do peso, da porcentagem de gordura corporal, da massa musculoesquelética e da idade no VO2max e SCM. Conclui-se, portanto, que esses indicadores variam segundo o sexo e as posições dos jogadores. Além disso, essa informação será útil para processos de fomentação, desenvolvimento e desenho de treinamentos de basquete juvenil na Costa Rica.

Efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en ejercicio contrarresistencia / Acute Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Performance and Perception of Extertion in Resistance Exercise

Resumen El propósito de esta investigación fue comparar el efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico entre series sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en la ejecución de un ejercicio de contrarresistencia. Participaron un total de 30 sujetos masculinos físicamente activos y aparentemente sanos con experiencia mínima de cuatro meses en el entrenamiento contrarresistencia, con un promedio de edad: 23.4 ± 3.2 años, un peso: 71.7 ± 6.0 kg, talla: 172 ± 6.1cm, porcentaje de grasa: 16.3 ± 5.3 % y masa magra: 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Díez sujetos en cada grupo fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a las condiciones experimentales grupo control (sin estiramiento entre series), grupo con estiramiento estático entre series (EE) y grupo con estiramiento dinámico entre series (ED) al ser los grupos homogéneos en nivel de fuerza en el 1RM (F (2,29) = 0.77, p = .47), los sujetos fueron sometidos a un estímulo de 4 series al fallo con el 80 % del 1RM . Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA de una vía. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el comportamiento de las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento: (F (2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp 2 = .02), en el índice de fatiga, (F (2,29) = 2.25, p = .12, ωp 2 = .07) en el número total de repeticiones, tampoco se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en cuanto a la percepción de esfuerzo (F (2,29) = 0.46, p = .63, ωp 2 = -.03). Se concluye que el rendimiento expresado en el índice de fatiga y el número total de repeticiones, así como la percepción de esfuerzo, no se ven afectados de manera aguda por el uso de estiramiento entre series, sea de tipo estático o dinámico.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to compare the acute effect of static and dynamic inter-set stretching on performance during resistance training. Thirty physically active and apparently healthy male subjects took part in the study with a minimum experience of four months in resistance training. The mean of age was 23.4 ± 3.2 years; the body mass was 71.7 ± 6.0 kg; the height was 172 ± 6.1cm; the body fat percentage represented 16. 3 ± 5.3%; and the lean mass was 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Then, subjects were randomly distributed in groups: control group (without stretching inter series), group with static inter series stretching (SS), and group with dynamic inter series stretching (DS). The groups were homogeneous in the 1RM (F (2.29) = 0.77, p = .47). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the behavior of the variables related to performance: (F (2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp 2 = .02) in the fatigue index, (F (2,29) = 2.25, p =.12, ωp 2 = .07) in the total number of repetitions. Neither significant differences were observed in the perceived exertion (F (2,29) = 0.46, p =.63, ωp 2 = -.03). It is concluded that the performance expressed in the fatigue index and total number of repetitions, as well as the perceived exertion, is not acutely affected by the use of inter-series static or dynamic stretching.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático e dinâmico entre series sobre o desempenho e o esforço percebido na execução de um exercício de contra-resistência. Um total de 30 indivíduos do sexo masculino fisicamente ativos e aparentemente saudáveis, com pelo menos quatro meses de experiência em treinamento de contra-resistência, com idade média: 23,4 ± 3,2 anos, peso: 71,7 ± 6,0 kg, altura: 172 ± 6,1cm, percentual de gordura: 16,3 ± 5,3 % e massa magra: 34,5 ± 3,2 kg. Dez sujeitos em cada grupo foram designados aleatoriamente para o grupo de controle de condições experimentais (sem alongamento entre séries), grupo de alongamento estático entre séries (EE) e grupo de alongamento dinâmico entre séries (ED), pois os grupos foram homogêneos no nível de força a 1RM (F(2,29) = 0,77, p = .47), os sujeitos foram submetidos a um estímulo de 4 séries em caso de falha com 80% de 1RM . Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de uma ANOVA de uma via. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no comportamento das variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho: (F(2,29) = 1,37, p = .27, ωp2 = .02), no índice de fadiga, (F(2,29) = 2,25, p = .12, ωp2 = .07) no número total de repetições, nem houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na percepção do esforço (F(2,29) = 0,46, p = .63, ωp2 = -.03). Conclui-se que o desempenho expresso no índice de fadiga e o número total de repetições, bem como a percepção de esforço, não são agudamente afetados pelo uso de alongamento entre conjuntos, seja estático ou dinâmico.

Demandas físicas de jugadores profesionales costarricenses de fútbol: Influencia de la posición de juego y nivel competitivo / Physical Demands of Costa Rican Professional Soccer Players: Influence of the Playing Position and the Competitive Level

Resumen La monitorización de las demandas físicas durante partidos de fútbol con tecnologías GPS proporciona información valiosa que puede ser utilizada para potenciar el rendimiento deportivo. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las demandas físicas de jugadores profesionales costarricenses de fútbol, así como analizar la influencia de la posición de juego y el nivel competitivo durante partidos. Sesenta futbolistas masculinos, 50 de la primera división del fútbol costarricense y 10 de una selección nacional absoluta de CONCACAF (SAC), fueron monitoreados con un Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para cuantificar variables cinemáticas como la distancia recorrida (m), total y a diferentes intensidades (Z 1-5), velocidad máxima (km/h), impactos totales (g), aceleraciones (m/s) y desaceleraciones (m/s). Las posiciones de juego se categorizaron en: defensas (Def), mediocampistas (Med) y delanteros (Del), y el nivel competitivo en: a) SAC, b) Equipos de nivel élite (ENE) y c) Equipos de nivel sub-élite (ENS). Los resultados reflejaron diferencias significativas respecto al nivel competitivo en la distancia recorrida a diferentes intensidades Z1 (SAC >ENS >ENE), Z2 (ENE >SAC >ENS) y Z4 (ENE >SAC >ENS), aceleraciones (SAC >ENE >ENS) y en desaceleraciones (SAC >ENS >ENE). Por posiciones de juego, las diferencias estuvieron en la distancia total (Med >Def >Del), en la distancia recorrida en Z2 (Med >Def >Del) y Z3 (Med >Def >Del), así como en impactos totales (Med >Def >Del). Se concluye que el nivel competitivo influye sobre las demandas físicas. SAC registró más aceleraciones y desaceleraciones y, ENE recorrió mayor distancia a esfuerzos moderados e intensos. Existen diferencias en las posiciones de juego, los mediocampistas recorrieron mayores distancias y registraron más impactos.

Abstract Monitoring physical demands during soccer matches with GPS technologies provides valuable information that can be used to enhance sports performance. Therefore, this study aimed to know Costa Rican professional soccer players' physical demands and analyze the influence of the playing position and the competitive level during matches. Sixty male soccer players, 50 from the first division of Costa Rican soccer and 10 from an absolute national CONCACAF (SAC) team were monitored with a Global Positioning System (GPS) to quantify kinematic variables such as distance traveled (m), total and different intensities (Z 1-5), maximum speed (km/h), total impacts (g), accelerations (m / s) and decelerations (m/s). The game positions were categorized into defenses (Def), midfielders (Mid) and forward (For), and the competitive level in a) SAC, b) Elite level teams (ENE), and c) Sub-elite level teams (ENS). The results reflected significant differences regarding the competitive level in the distance traveled at different intensities Z1 (SAC >ENS >ENE), Z2 (ENE >SAC >ENS) and Z4 (ENE >SAC >ENS), in accelerations (SAC >ENE >ENS), and in decelerations (SAC >ENS >ENE). By game positions, the differences were in the total distance (Mid >Def >For), in the distance traveled in Z2 (Mid >Def >For) and Z3 (Mid >Def >For), as well as in total impacts (Mid >Def >For). It is concluded that the competitive level influences the physical demands. SAC registered more accelerations and decelerations, and ENE traveled a greater distance with moderate and intense efforts. There were differences between playing positions; midfielder traveled longer distances and recorded more impacts.

Resumo O monitoramento das demandas físicas durante partidas de futebol com tecnologias GPS fornece informações valiosas que podem ser usadas para aprimorar o desempenho atlético. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as demandas físicas dos jogadores de futebol profissional da Costa Rica, bem como analisar a influência da posição de jogo e do nível competitivo durante os jogos. Sessenta jogadores de futebol masculino, 50 da primeira divisão do futebol costarriquenho e 10 da seleção nacional absoluta da CONCACAF (SAC), foram monitorados com um Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) para quantificar variáveis cinemáticas como distância percorrida (m), total já diferentes intensidades (Z 1-5), velocidade máxima (km / h), impactos totais (g), acelerações (m / s) e desacelerações (m / s). As posições de jogo foram categorizadas em: defensores (Def), meio-campistas (Med) e atacantes (Del), e o nível competitivo em: a) SAC, b) Times de elite (ENE) e c) times de nível pré-elite (ENS). Os resultados refletiram diferenças significativas em relação ao nível competitivo na distância percorrida em diferentes intensidades Z1 (SAC> ENS> ENE), Z2 (ENE> SAC> ENS) e Z4 (ENE> SAC> ENS), acelerações (SAC> ENE> ENS) e em desacelerações (SAC> ENS> ENE). Por posições de jogo, as diferenças foram na distância total (Med> Def> Del), na distância percorrida em Z2 (Med> Def> Del) e Z3 (Med> Def> Del), bem como nos impactos totais (Med > Def> Del). Conclui-se que o nível competitivo influencia as demandas físicas. O SAC registrou mais acelerações e desacelerações, e a ENE percorreu uma distância maior com esforços moderados e intensos. Existem diferenças nas posições de jogo, os meio-campistas percorreram distâncias maiores e registraram mais impactos.

Aspectos psico-espirituales medidos con la FACIT-Sp en pacientes con cáncer estadio IV / Psycho-spiritual elements evaluated by FACIT-Sp in stage IV cancer patients

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los diferentes elementos psico-espirituales en pacientes con cáncer aplicando la escala Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well Being, FACIT-Sp (Evaluación Funcional de Terapia de Enfermedades Crónicas y Bienestar Espiritual). Métodos: Aplicación de la escala a una muestra de pacientes (n =100) con diagnóstico de cáncer, estadio IV, del Servicio de Oncología del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. El instrumento de 33 preguntas examina cinco áreas: bienestar social (SWB), bienestar emocional (EWB), bienestar funcional (FWB), sentido y paz (MP) y fe (F). Resultados: En la muestra estudiada, el aspecto más resaltante fue el relacionado con F (puntaje promedio=13,53 ± 3,05, correspondiente al 84,56% del puntaje máximo posible) y el más bajo fue el vinculado a FWB (puntaje promedio=15,79 ± 6,89, correspondiente al 56,39% del puntaje máximo posible). Conclusiones: De acuerdo a FACIT-Sp, el aspecto psico-espiritual más desarrollado en los pacientes de la muestra estudiada fue el relativo a la Fe y el menos desarrollado, el vinculado al área de Bienestar Funcional.

Summary Objective: To describe different psycho-spiritual elements in a sample of stage IV cancer patients from a public hospital in Lima, Peru, through the application of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) scale. Methods: Application of FACIT-Sp to a sample of patients (n = 100) diagnosed with stage IV cancer at the Oncology Service of the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. The 33-question instrument, designed to evaluate psycho-spiritual elements, analyzes five areas: social well-being (SWB), emotional well-being (EWB), functional well-being (FWB), meaning and peace (MP) and faith (F). Results: The most prominent aspect was F (average score=13.53 ± 3.05, corresponding to 84.56% of the maximum possible score), and the lowest was FWB (average score=15.79 ± 6.89, corresponding to 56.39% of the maximum possible score). Conclusions: According to FACIT-Sp, the most developed psycho-spiritual aspect among the participating patients was the one related to Faith, whereas the least developed, the one linked to the area of Functional Well-Being.

Angioma esplénico de células litorales / Littoral cell angioma of the spleen

RESUMEN Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 62 años con masa dolorosa en hipocondrio izquierdo catalogado inicialmente como sarcoma irresecable, recibió quimioterapia y radioterapia sin respuesta, motivo por el cual se reintervino quirúrgicamente hallándose un tumor dependiente de bazo heterogéneo con perfil inmunohistoquímico de angioma de células litorales. El angioma de células litorales (ACL) es una lesión esplénica poco frecuente que se presenta asociado a síntomas genéricos como astenia, dolor regional y baja de peso, que requiere como manejo principal un abordaje quirúrgico. Suele ser una neoplasia asintomática de hallazgo incidental, afecta a ambos sexos por igual, cuyo diagnóstico es básicamente histológico e inmunohistoquímico con buen pronóstico luego de un abordaje quirúrgico inicial.

ABSTRACT A 62-year-old man with a medical history of a painful abdominal mass in left upper quadrant and general symptoms, who was classified initially as an unresectable sarcoma. He received chemotherapy and radiotherapy with no response, so he underwent a new surgery, finding a heterogeneous tumor with immunohistochemical consistent with littoral cell angioma. Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare splenic lesion that presents general symptoms, so there are not many reports, which requires surgical management. Is usually an asymptomatic neoplasm of incidental finding, affecting both sexes equally, whose diagnosis is histological and immunohistochemical with a good prognosis always after a surgical approach.

Concepto de sobrecarga del cuidador del niño con cáncer: revisión integrativa / Concept of work overload in care takers of children with cancer: integrative review / Conceito de sobrecarga do cuidador da criança com câncer: uma revisão integrativa

Introducción: La sobrecarga del cuidador de niños con cáncer se ha aplicado a partir de instrumentos que fueron diseñados para cuidadores de adultos con Alzheimer; sin embargo, aún no se tiene claridad acerca de este concepto en el caso del cáncer infantil. El propósito de esta revisión es identificar las peculiaridades del concepto de sobrecarga del cuidador del niño con cáncer. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa cualitativa, mediante el análisis de 21 artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2017, en español, inglés y portugués; la muestra se obtuvo de las bases de datos Bi-blioteca Virtual en Salud, Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid y Scopus; se usaron los descriptores Burden, Cancer, Children, Parents, Overload. Resultados: 5 fueron los temas relacionados con la sobrecarga del cuidador del niño con cáncer, especial-mente en lo que se refiere al sobreesfuerzo dimensional a nivel: físico, psicológico, social, económico y espiritual. Conclusión: Aunque el concepto de sobrecarga ha evolucionado hasta contar con instrumentos de medición, el fenómeno se vive de ma-nera particular en cuidadores de niños con cáncer debido a la influencia que tienen el amor parental y la connotación social del cáncer; no obstante, los cuidadores realizan sobreesfuerzos y no desean abandonar el cuidado

Introduction: The overload of care takers of children with cancer has been applied from instruments that were designed for care takers of adults with Alzheimer; howe-ver, there is no clarity about this concept in the case of childhood cancer yet. The purpose of this review is to identify the peculiarities of the concept of work overload for the care takers of children with cancer. Methodology: A qualitative, integrative review was performed through the analysis of 21 articles published between 2012 and 2017, in Spanish, English and Portuguese; the sample was obtained from the data bases Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (Virtual Library of Health) Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid y Scopus; the descriptors used were: Burden, Cancer, Children, Parents, Overload. Results: There were 5 subjects related to work overload from the care taker of a child with cancer, specially referring to dimensional overload in the physical, psychological, social, economic and spiritual levels. Conclusions: Although the concept of overload has evolved to count with measuring instruments, the phenomena is particular for care takers of children with cancer due to the influence of family love and the social connotation of cancer; however, care takers have work overload and do not wish to abandon their job.

Introdução: A sobrecarga do cuidador de crianças com câncer foi objetivada por instrumentos que foram projetados para cuidadores de adultos com doença de Alzheimer, no entanto, este conceito ainda não foi esclarecido no caso de câncer infantil. O objetivo desta revisão é identificar os atribu-tos do conceito de sobrecarga do cuidador da criança com câncer. Materiais e métodos: Revisão in-tegrativa qualitativa onde 21 artigos publicados entre 2012 e 2017 em espanhol, inglês e portugués, foram retirados das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Ovid e Scopus, utilizando os descritores Burden, Cancer, Children, Parents, Overload. Resultados: Cinco questões relacionadas à sobrecarga do cuidador da criança com câncer surgiram, o que cons-titui uma sobrecarga dimensional em um nível físico, psicológico, social, econômico e espiritual. Conclusão: Embora o conceito de sobrecarga tenha evoluído na ciência para ter instrumentos de medição, o fenômeno é experimentado de forma particular nos cuidadores de crianças com câncer desde o amor parental e a conotação social do câncer, apesar do excesso de esforço , cuidadores não querem abandonar o cuidado.

Human papillomavirus in non-small-cell lung cancer: the impact of EGFR mutations and the response to erlotinib.

It has been suggested that human papillomavirus (HPV) could participate in the development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A higher HPV infection rate has been reported in the NSCLC samples from Asian non-smoker patients, with adenocarcinomas or responders to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). We explored a potential relationship between EGFR mutation, response to EGFR-TKI and HPV infection in Western NSCLC patients. We retrospectively analyzed 40 NSCLC samples and the impact of age, gender, histology, tobacco habit and sample type. HPV infection rate was 2.5% and it was not statistically modified by any analyzed variable, although the limited sample size did not provide definitive conclusions. The rate of HPV infection in NSCLC should be studied in patients with EGFR mutations or a tendency towards presenting them.

La formación y adquisición de conocimiento para entrenar y dirigir de los entrenadores del fútbol élite de Costa Rica

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar aspectos relacionados con la formación y las fuentes de conocimiento que hoy en día poseen los entrenadores de futbol élite costarricense, tanto para dirigir como para entrenar, y que ejercen influencias en la toma de sus decisiones de su entorno deportivo. Para ello, se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa, en la cual la recolección de los datos se hizo a través del método denominado triangulación metodológica. Este consistió en la aplicación de 2 herramientas metodológicas, la entrevista y el cuestionario, cuyos resultados al final fueron comparados entre sí. La población del estudio fue de 10 entrenadores de la liga de primera división del fútbol costarricense. Los resultados indicaron que los entrenadores basan su labor de dirigir y entrenar en casi todas las subcategorías de adquisición de conocimientos que se plantearon en el estudio; sin embargo, las subcategorías de experiencia como jugador, experiencia profesional y el manejo de herramientas tecnológicas fueron a las que le asignaron mayor valor, sobre todo para el ámbito de dirigir en la competencia. Al mismo tiempo, se encuentra que la subcategoría interacción entre colegas fue a la que le asignaron el menor valor. Las conclusiones del estudio deberían ser tomadas en consideración a la hora del diseño curricular en la formación de entrenadores de fútbol.

This study aimed to explore the aspects related to the formation and sources of knowledge that Costa Rican elite soccer coaches have in order to coach and train, and how those aspects influence the decision-making process of soccer coaches' in their sport environment. For this purpose, a qualitative research project has been carried out, where data was collected through the method specifically known as methodological triangulation, which consisted in the application of two methodological tools, the interview and the questionnaire, whose final results were compared with each other. The study population consisted of 10 coaches of the Costa Rican First Division Soccer League. The results indicate that coaches base their work of coaching and training on almost all subcategories of acquisition of knowledge that were raised in the study. However, the subcategories of experience as a player, professional experience, and the use of technological tools were assigned a greater value, especially regarding the field of coaching in competition. At the same time, the subcategory interaction between colleagues was assigned the lowest value. The conclusions of the study should be analyzed when designing curricula in the training of soccer coaches.

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar aspectos relacionados com a capacitação e às fontes de conhecimento que os técnicos de futebol de primeira divisão da Costa Rica possuem atualmente, tanto para dirigir e treinar, quanto para exercer influências na tomada de decisões no seu ambiente desportivo. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual a coleta de informações foi realizada por meio do método conhecido como triangulação metodológica, que consistiu na aplicação de dois instrumentos metodológicos, a entrevista e o questionário, cujos resultados foram comparados ao final. A população do estudo foi de 10 treinadores da primeira divisão do futebol costa-riquenho. Os resultados indicaram que os treinadores baseiam seu trabalho de dirigir e treinar, em quase todas as subcategorias de aquisição de conhecimento que foram levantadas no estudo, no entanto, as subcategorias de experiência como jogador, experiência profissional e uso de ferramentas tecnológicas foram as que mais atribuíram valor, especialmente ao campo de dirigir para competência. Ao mesmo tempo, verifica-se que a subcategoria interação entre os colegas recebeu o menor valor. As conclusões do estudo devem ser levadas em consideração ao projetar currículos na capacitação de treinadores de futebol.