[The lymphocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in rats poisoned by pesticides]. / Aktivnost' atsetilkholinésterazy limfotsitov krys pri intoksikatsii pestitsidami.

The experiments carried out present the evidence of acetylcholinesterase activity of Wistar rat lymphocytes. It was shown that splenocytes and thymocytes had significantly different levels of the enzyme activity. Peroral administration of phosphor-organic pesticide antio (phormothion) 1/100 and 1/20 LD50 induced the dose-dependent inhibition of splenocyte acetylcholine-esterase activity after 2 months of treatment. It suggests the relation of the immunosuppressive action of pesticide with the interference into the neuromediator mechanisms regulating the lymphoid cell function.

[Biological and genetic properties of a polyploid-forming mutant of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. / Biologicheskie i geneticheskie svoistva mul'tiploidformiruiushchego mutanta virusa venesuél'skogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

Some genetic and biological properties of the multiploid -forming mutant of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus as well as of standard and multiploid virions isolated from its population were analysed. The mutant steadily retained the capacity for formation of multiploid virions comprising up to 20% of the population both in passages in CEF culture and in the progeny of multiploid and standard virions. Owing to this, the concentration of multiploid virions in the population of this mutant remains at a constant level. Formation of multiploid virions compensates for the temperature-sensitive defect inherent in the standard virions which is associated with later stages of virus replication.

[Finding of the herpes simplex virus by electron microscopic study of the biopsy from a cervical cancer patient]. / Obnaruzhenie virusa obychnogo gerpesa pri élektronno-mikroskopicheskom issledovanii bioptata bol'noi rakom sheiki matki.

The question of a possible etiological role of the family of herpes viruses in generation of human malignancies is discussed. The detection of herpes simplex virus in human tumor by electron microscopic examination of a biopsy sample from a cervical carcinoma patient is another proof of herpes virus association with human malignant neoplasias.

[Morphological study of a mixed alphavirus infection]. / Morfologicheskoe izuchenie smeshannoi infektsii al'favirusami.

In combined paired cultivation of 8 Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, multiploid virions formed in 17.8% of cases. Five clones with this effect were used in mixed infections with clones of Semliki Forest and Sindbis viruses. In these infections changes in virions of the virus progeny were observed in 20% and 16.6%, respectively. Mixed cultivation of pairs of Sindbis and Semliki Forest viruses resulted in formation of multiploid virions in 42.8%. Besides, in two mixed populations formed upon combined multiplication of the latter viruses virions of unusual shapes were found: rounded, oval, elongated, and triangular designated as polymorphic.

[Abortive influenza virus infection in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells. Properties of virus particles and intracellular ribonucleoproteins]. / Abortivnaia infektsiia virusa grippa v kletkakh astsitnogo raka Erlikha. Svoistva virusnykh chastits i vnutrikletochnykh ribonukleoproteidov.

Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells infected with influenza virus, WSN strain, produced noninfectious virus particles differing by some properties from standard virions formed in chick embryo. The ascitic particles were unusually fragile and lost hemagglutinins during purification and storage. They were found in larger or smaller aggregates. In the electron microscope they appeared as spikeless particles of heterogeneous size. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of polypeptides revealed markedly decreased contents of hemagglutinins and M-protein. It is suggested that the decreased amount of M-protein results in the fragility of ascitic virus particles and loss of hemagglutinins which, in its turn, leads to the loss of infectivity. Ribonucleoproteins (RNP) synthesized in the cytoplasm and nuclei of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells differed in their biophysical properties from RNP formed in the permissive system (chick fibroblast culture). They sedimented slower than RNP from chick fibroblasts, and their buoyant density was 1.37--1.40 g/ml instead of 1.34 g/ml, i. e. the density typical of influenza virus nucleocapsid.

[Interaction of Sindbis virus with a culture of cells producing oncornavirus]. / Vzaimodeistvie virusa Sindbis s kul'turoi kletok,produtsiruiushchei onkornavirus.

Electron microscopy and biophysical methods were used for examinations of primarily trypsinized chick fibroblast cell culture spontaneously producing C-type oncornavirus at 1, 6, and 24 hours after inoculation with Sindbis virus. During the first 6 hours rapid maturation and release of oncornavirus from cells were observed. At later intervals oncornavirus production was inhibited. It is assumed that in the system under study, biosynthesis of oncornavirus and Sindbis virus occur separately.

[Study of the morphological aspects of Okhotskii virus replication in a chick fibroblast culture]. / Izuchenie morfologicheskikh aspektov replikatsii virusa Okhotskii v kul'ture kurinykh fibroblastov.

Electron microscopic studies of chick embryo fibroblast cells 24 hours after infection with Okhotsky virus revealed changes typical orbivirus infection in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the cells. The nuclei of the infected cells contained fine-granular matrices with forming virus particles and tubular structures. The cell cytoplasm also contained tubular structures, crystal arrays, fine-granular matrices and virus particles 50-60 nm in diameter.

[Electron microscopic studies of cell cultures of various origins]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskie issledovaniia kletok kul'tur tkanei razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia

Thirty-four cell cultures of various origins were examined in the electron microscope. Mycoplasma were found in 31 cultures, A, C and D particles of oncornaviruses in 27 cultures, adenovirus in one culture and paramyxovirus in 8 cultures. Two cultures were found to be virus- and mycoplasma-free. A stringent control of cell cultures for the presence of viruses, mycoplasma or other microbiological agents is recommended.

[Several methodologic problems in the control of cell cultures]. / Nekotorye metodicheskie voprosy kontrolia kletochnykh kul'tur

Some human and animal continuous cell lines as well as primary cell cultures were examined by karyological, electron microscopial, virological and molecular biological methods and also by the electrophoretic motility of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) in polyacrylamide gel. All human and animal continuous cell lines were shown to contain mycoplasma, 17-to contain intracytoplasmic particles of type A oncornaviruses, 5 -- type B oncornaviruses similar to Mason-Pfizer virus, 8 -- paramyxoviruses, 2 --oncornaviruses type C. A high molecular RNA with sedimentation constant 64--70 S was found in oncornaviruses isolated from cell cultures. Intracellular virus or subviral structures were detected by association of the reverse transcriptase activity with high molecular RNA. The presence in the cell cultures of marker chromosomes of HeLa cells, the absence in these cultures of Y chromosomes, the presence of the G-6-PDG enzyme with type A motility indicate the possibility of contamination of human continuous cell lines with HeLa cells.

[A comparative study of primary human cell cultures of diffuse goiter and cancer of the thyroid gland]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie pervichynykh kul'tur kletok diffuznogo zoba i raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy cheloveka

Cells obtained from non-malignified tissues (diffuse struma) in 83 of 100 cases formed a continuous layer consisting of monomorphous epithelioid cells possessing a high adhesive capacity. Cells obtained from thyroid adenocarcinoma (in 5 of 7 cases) showed lowered adhesiveness and did not form a monolayer. The culture consisted of polymorphous cells. Gigantic multinuclear cells and these with spheroid colorless inclusions in nuclei were encountered. In tripsinization of the tumor tissue obtained from patients, subjected to x-ray therapy, no growth of cell cultures was detected. Electron microscopic studies of nonradiated tumor tissue revealed light and dark cells, while these were light and degenerating in the irradiated tissue.

[Transformational activity of the oncornaviruses isolated from RH and Hep-2 cell lines]. / O transformiruiushchei aktivnosti onkornavirusov, vydelennykh iz kletochnykh linii RH i Hep-2.

Oncornaviruses isolated from transplantable cell cultures Hep-2 and RH were used for inoculating primary tripsinized cell cultures of human foetal kidney (HFK) and human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF). In all 15 cases no transformation of HEF cells was noted. In inoculation of HFK with oncornaviruses isolated from RH cell culture in 2 of 16 cases there were obtained transformed cell cultures: HFK+VRH and HFK+VRH Mc) occurred twice as fast. The transformed cell cultures have gone through 15-23 passages and were characterized by a high mitotic activity, production of oncornaviruses, type A and B, and absence of contact inhibition, a capacity for multistratum three-dimensional growth, the modal number of chromosomes 64 and a mixed type AB of electrophoretic mobility of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.