Zootechnical indices and digestibility in juveniles of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed a diet containing particulate maize / Índices zootécnicos e digestibilidade em juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum alimentados com dieta contendo milho particulado

Three experiments were done with different particle sizes of corn feed on its zootechnical performance, passing rate and apparent digestibility of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In the first, 200 juveniles were used and distributed in 20 tanks (220 L), 10 fish per unit (four replicates). The experimental system used to record passage time was composed of five incubators with 200 L. In the second, 75 juveniles were used per 55 days (three replications). In the third, 75 juveniles were used and distributed in five incubators of 200 L. All experiments were performed randomly. Different linear behavior treatments were observed for apparent digestibility of crude protein; and the smaller particle size (150 µm) had better results digestibility. smaller particle size of the corn had better results, affected the growth performance of tambaqui and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. Thus, is recommended that a particle size of 150 µm of corn be used for tambaqui.

Três experimentos foram realizados com diferentes tamanhos de partícula de ração para o desempenho zootécnico, taxa de aprovação e digestibilidade aparente de tambaqui juvenil (Colossoma macropomum). No primeiro, foram utilizados 200 juvenis e distribuídos em 20 tanques (220 L), 10 peixes por unidade (quatro repetições). O sistema experimental utilizado para registrar o tempo de passagem foi composto por cinco incubadoras com 200 L. No segundo, 75 juvenis foram utilizados por 55 dias (três repetições). No terceiro, 75 juvenis foram utilizados e distribuídos em cinco incubadoras de 200 L. Todos os experimentos foram realizados aleatoriamente. Diferentes tratamentos de comportamento linear foram observados para digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta; e o menor tamanho de partícula (150 µm) apresentou melhor digestibilidade dos resultados. menor tamanho de partícula do milho apresentou melhores resultados, afetou o desempenho de crescimento de tambaquis e a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso de um tamanho de partícula de 150 µm de milho para o tambaqui.

Zootechnical indices and digestibility in juveniles of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed a diet containing particulate maize / Índices zootécnicos e digestibilidade em juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum alimentados com dieta contendo milho particulado

Three experiments were done with different particle sizes of corn feed on its zootechnical performance, passing rate and apparent digestibility of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In the first, 200 juveniles were used and distributed in 20 tanks (220 L), 10 fish per unit (four replicates). The experimental system used to record passage time was composed of five incubators with 200 L. In the second, 75 juveniles were used per 55 days (three replications). In the third, 75 juveniles were used and distributed in five incubators of 200 L. All experiments were performed randomly. Different linear behavior treatments were observed for apparent digestibility of crude protein; and the smaller particle size (150 μm) had better results digestibility. Smaller particle size of the corn had better results, affected the growth performance of tambaqui and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. Thus, is recommended that a particle size of 150 μm of corn be used for tambaqui.

Três experimentos foram realizados com diferentes tamanhos de partícula de ração para o desempenho zootécnico, taxa de aprovação e digestibilidade aparente de tambaqui juvenil (Colossoma macropomum). No primeiro, foram utilizados 200 juvenis e distribuídos em 20 tanques (220 L), 10 peixes por unidade (quatro repetições). O sistema experimental utilizado para registrar o tempo de passagem foi composto por cinco incubadoras com 200 L. No segundo, 75 juvenis foram utilizados por 55 dias (três repetições). No terceiro, 75 juvenis foram utilizados e distribuídos em cinco incubadoras de 200 L. Todos os experimentos foram realizados aleatoriamente. Diferentes tratamentos de comportamento linear foram observados para digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta; e o menor tamanho de partícula (150 μm) apresentou melhor digestibilidade dos resultados. menor tamanho de partícula do milho apresentou melhores resultados, afetou o desempenho de crescimento de tambaquis e a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso de um tamanho de partícula de 150 μm de milho para o tambaqui.

Zootechnical indices and digestibility in juveniles of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum fed a diet containing particulate maize

Abstract Three experiments were done with different particle sizes of corn feed on its zootechnical performance, passing rate and apparent digestibility of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In the first, 200 juveniles were used and distributed in 20 tanks (220 L), 10 fish per unit (four replicates). The experimental system used to record passage time was composed of five incubators with 200 L. In the second, 75 juveniles were used per 55 days (three replications). In the third, 75 juveniles were used and distributed in five incubators of 200 L. All experiments were performed randomly. Different linear behavior treatments were observed for apparent digestibility of crude protein; and the smaller particle size (150 m) had better results digestibility. smaller particle size of the corn had better results, affected the growth performance of tambaqui and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. Thus, is recommended that a particle size of 150 m of corn be used for tambaqui.

Resumo Três experimentos foram realizados com diferentes tamanhos de partícula de ração para o desempenho zootécnico, taxa de aprovação e digestibilidade aparente de tambaqui juvenil (Colossoma macropomum). No primeiro, foram utilizados 200 juvenis e distribuídos em 20 tanques (220 L), 10 peixes por unidade (quatro repetições). O sistema experimental utilizado para registrar o tempo de passagem foi composto por cinco incubadoras com 200 L. No segundo, 75 juvenis foram utilizados por 55 dias (três repetições). No terceiro, 75 juvenis foram utilizados e distribuídos em cinco incubadoras de 200 L. Todos os experimentos foram realizados aleatoriamente. Diferentes tratamentos de comportamento linear foram observados para digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta; e o menor tamanho de partícula (150 m) apresentou melhor digestibilidade dos resultados. menor tamanho de partícula do milho apresentou melhores resultados, afetou o desempenho de crescimento de tambaquis e a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso de um tamanho de partícula de 150 m de milho para o tambaqui.

First description of a herpesvirus infection in genus Lepus.

During the necropsies of Iberian hares obtained in 2018/2019, along with signs of the nodular form of myxomatosis, other unexpected external lesions were also observed. Histopathology revealed nuclear inclusion bodies in stromal cells suggesting the additional presence of a nuclear replicating virus. Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated the presence of herpesvirus particles in the tissues of affected hares. We confirmed the presence of herpesvirus in 13 MYXV-positive hares by PCR and sequencing analysis. Herpesvirus-DNA was also detected in seven healthy hares, suggesting its asymptomatic circulation. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated partial sequences of DNA polymerase gene and glycoprotein B gene enabled greater resolution than analysing the sequences individually. The hare' virus was classified close to herpesviruses from rodents within the Rhadinovirus genus of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. We propose to name this new virus Leporid gammaherpesvirus 5 (LeHV-5), according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses standards. The impact of herpesvirus infection on the reproduction and mortality of the Iberian hare is yet unknown but may aggravate the decline of wild populations caused by the recently emerged natural recombinant myxoma virus.

In vitro and in vivo activity of a possible novel antifungal small molecule against Candida albicans.

Nosocomial infections by fungi are important causes of morbidity and mortality, and the adhesion capacity of yeast on abiotic and biotic surfaces has been considered an important step in this process. Als3 proteins are widely studied for their ability to allow Candida albicans to bind to various surfaces. The objective of the present study was to verify, with more details, the action of F2768-0318 in relation to its antifungal activity as well as its ability to act on C. albicans virulence factors related to adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the Als3 protein. F2768-0318 was assessed in tests of biofilm formation and adhesion on abiotic surfaces (polystyrene plates) and adherence on biotic surfaces, including human endocervical (HeLa) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and fresh buccal epithelial cells (BEC). Our results showed F2768-0318 was useful in reducing the adhesion and biofilm formation of C. albicans on abiotic surfaces, indicating the possibility of treating hospital materials and preventing biofilm formation on these types of equipment. Further studies are still needed, including optimization of the molecule to allow this molecule to be effective on other types of surfaces, such as human cells.

FATAL cryptococcal meningitis in a child with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome, with an emphasis on the agent.

Following a fatal case of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a child with X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (XHIGM), we evaluated the fungal isolate in an experimental infection in a mouse model with respect to microbiology, epidemiology, virulence and response to therapy. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for antifungals in the susceptibility test were 0.5mg/L for amphotericin B, 4.0mg/L for fluconazole and 0.12mg/L for voriconazole. Evaluation of pathogenicity by means of an experimental infection in BALB/c mice showed that fungus isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of the child was able to disseminate, reaching the spleen, lungs and brain, where it caused significant macroscopic alterations in the size and texture of each organ. Treatment of infected mice with amphotericin B reduced the fungal load in the spleen and lungs, but not in the brain.

Metionina+cistina digestível para juvenis de tambaqui / Digestible methionine+cystine for tambaqui juveniles

Avaliou-se o efeito dos níveis de metionina+cistina digestível para juvenis de tambaqui na fase inicial de desenvolvimento (3,03±0,06g) durante 45 dias. Foram utilizados 160 juvenis de tambaqui distribuídos em DIC, com cinco tratamentos (níveis de metionina+cistina digestível = 0,66; 0,73; 0,80; 0,87; 0,94%), quatro repetições e oito animais por unidade experimental. As dietas utilizadas foram isoproteicas (25%) e isoenergéticas (3200kcal.kg-1). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes de homogeneidade, normalidade, à análise de variância e à análise de regressão. Os parâmetros físicos e químicos da água do sistema de recirculação ficaram dentro da faixa de tolerância para a espécie. Os níveis de metionina+cistina digestíveis avaliados não influenciaram (P>0,05) a sobrevivência, o índice hepatossomático, o índice de gordura visceral e o consumo de ração. Entretanto, ganho de peso e taxa de eficiência proteica apresentaram aumento linear (P<0,05) com aumento da metionina + cistina na ração. Verificou-se que os níveis de metionina + cistina para o tambaqui não foram completamente atendidos, sendo recomendada a realização de novos estudos.(AU)

This study aimed to determine digestible methionine+cystine requirement of tambaqui juveniles in the early stage of development (3.03 ± 0.06 g) lasting 45 days. 160 tambaqui juveniles were distributed into DIC, with five treatments (methionine + cystine = 0.66; 0.73; 0.80; 0.87; 0.94%), four replications and eight animals per experimental unit. The basal diets were isonitrogenous (25% crude protein) and isocaloric (3200kcal.kg-1). The results were submitted to the homogeneity test, normality test, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The physical and chemical parameters of water from the water recirculation system were within those recommended for the species. Digestible methionine+cystine levels did not influence (P>0.05) the survival, hepatosomatic index, visceral fat index and feed intake. However, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio exhibit a linear increase (P<0.05) with increase in methionine and cystine in the feed. Our results showed that the methionine + cystine levels for tambaqui were not fully met, and new studies are recommended.(AU)

Spermatogenesis and nucleolar behavior in Triatoma vandae and Triatoma williami (Hemiptera, Triatominae).

This study describes spermatogenesis in Triatoma vandae and the nucleolar behavior of T. vandae and Triatoma williami, with a cytotaxonomic focus. Analysis of mitotic and meiotic metaphases of T.vandae confirms the species karyotype. T. vandae presents some characteristics during meiosis that differentiate it from T. williami, including the presence of a chromocenter with two sex chromosomes individualized during early prophase, and the presence of a bi- or tripartite corpuscle inpolyploid nuclei. It was possible to observe the compaction of chromatin during prophase resulting in holocentric chromosomes. During metaphase,the autosomes presented a ring shape and the sex chromosomes were in the center of the ring. These chromosomes were separated in anaphase. Although it is common, we did not observe the phenomenon of late migration of the sex chromosomes. By means of silver ion impregnation it was possible to describe nucleologenesis in T. vandae and T. williami. In both species we observed persistence of the nucleolar material duringmeiosis. In addition to the cells in meiotic division, we also observed the presence of polyploid nuclei in the seminiferous tubule walls that nourish the cells during cell division. The nucleolar markings reflect their capacity for synthetic activity. T. vandae and T. williami presented only one nucleolar corpuscle, which reflects low synthetic activity. This study confirms the karyotype of T. vandae, describes characteristics that differentiate T. vandae and T. williami during meiosis, and describes the phenomenon of nucleolar persistence in both species.

Spermatogenesis in Triatoma melanocephala (Hemiptera: Triatominae).

Triatoma melanocephala is a rare species of Hemiptera. It belonged to the Brasiliensis subcomplex and presents morphological characteristics very close to those of Triatoma vitticeps. We investigated spermatogenesis of T. melanocephala and compared it with that of T. vitticeps in order to determine whether these organisms have similar cytogenetic characteristics. Lacto-acetic orcein staining was used to observe all stages of meiosis. These two species were found to have the same karyotype (2n = 20A + X1X2X3Y), heteropycnotic corpuscles in the polyploid spermatogonial cells, interfasic and profasic nucleus, and chromocenter with four sex chromosomes during prophase. Thus, we conclude that besides the morphologic similarity of T. melanocephala with T. vitticeps, they also have similar spermatogenesis and cytogenetics.

Efeito da densidade de estocagem no desenvolvimento inicial do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) / The effect of storage density in the early development of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)

Avaliou-se a influência da densidade de estocagem no desenvolvimento inicial do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado pelo ganho de peso (GP), ganho de comprimento total (GCT), ganho de comprimento padrão (GCP), ganho de altura (GA), taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), taxa de desenvolvimento específico (TDE) e sobrevivência (S). Para realização do experimento, foram utilizadas 300 pós-larvas de peso médio inicial de 0,0012g, comprimento total médio de 4,11±0,93mm, altura média inicial de 4,84±0,87mm e comprimento padrão médio de 1,54±0,25mm. Essas foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos (T) foram constituídos por cinco diferentes densidades de estocagem, em que T1: 5 pós-larvas L-1; T2: 10 pós-larvas L-1; T3: 15 pós-larvas L-1; T4: 20 pós-larvas L-1; T5: 25 pós-larvas L-1. A densidade de 5 pós-larvas L-1 foi a que proporcionou o maior valor para crescimento. Contudo, essa densidade subestimou a utilização do espaço se comparada com a produtividade final da densidade de 15 pós-larvas L-1.

The influence of stocking density in the initial development of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) was evaluated. The productive performance was evaluated by weight gain (WG) gain length (GCT), standard length gain (GCP), height gain (GH), specific growth rate (TCE), specific development rate (TDE) and survival (S). For the experiment we used a total of 300 post-larvae angelfish with initial body weight of 0.0012 g, total length of 4.11±0.93mm, initial height of 4.84±0.87mm, and average standard length of 1.54±0.25mm. These were distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments with four replications. The treatments consisted of five different stocking densities where T1: 5 post-larvae L-1, T2: 10 post-larvae L-1, T3: 15 post-larvae L-1, T4: 20 post-larvae L-1, T5: 25 post-larvae L-1. The physical and chemical water parameters were monitored daily. The density of post-larvae 5 L-1 was the one that gave the highest growth values. However, despite the post-larvae 5 L-1 density having provided larger animals, the density underestimates the use of space compared to the final productivity of the 15 post-larvae L-1density.

Níveis de carnitina na ração no desempenho corporal de tricogáster léri (Trichogaster leeri bleeker, 1852) / Carnitine levels in feed of body performance of the gouramis (Trichogaster leeri bleeker, 1852)

Foram avaliados os efeitos de carnitina na dieta de Trichogaster leeri, com peso inicial de 0,5±0,2g, distribuídos aleatoriamente e individualmente em aquários plásticos (1000mL), com renovação total da água a cada 48 horas. Cinco dietas isocalóricas, contendo 28 por cento de proteína bruta e 3100kcal de energia bruta, foram elaboradas com a suplementação de T1 = 0mg, T2 = 300mg, T3 = 600mg, T4 = 900mg e T5 = 1200mg de l-carnitina/kg de ração. As dietas foram administradas três vezes ao dia, ad libitum, durante 45 dias. Foram avaliados comprimento total e padrão, altura, peso final e tamanho de cauda, além do ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e fator de condição. Em todas as características analisadas, o tratamento de 900mg de carnitina/kg foi o mais eficiente no desempenho zootécnico para o T. leeri, e, após cálculos dos pontos máximos, sugere-se a concentração de 1.000mg/kg de ração. Observou-se diferença significativa para tamanho de cauda, altura do corpo, peso final e fator de condição.

The effects of carnitine were evaluated in diets fed to Trichogaster leeri, initial weight 0.5±0.2g and individually randomized into plastic containers (1000mL), with total renewal of water every 48 hours. Five isocaloric diets containing 28 percent crude protein and 3100 kcalof gross energy were made with the supplementation of: T1= 0 mg; T2= 300mg;T3= 600mg; T4= 900mg; and T5= 1200mg of l-carnitina/kg feed. The diets were administered three times daily ad libitum for 45 days. Total and standard length, height, weight and size of the tail end, in addition to weight gain, feed conversion ratio and condition factor were evaluated. In all parameters examined the treatment of 900 mg of carnitine/kg was the most efficient on the performance for the T. leeri, and after calculating the maximum points, a concentration of 1.000mg/kg feed is suggested. There was significant difference in tail length, body height, final weight and condition factors.

Efeito da granulometria do milho no desempenho de juvenis de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) / Effect of corn granulometry on performance of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes granulometrias do milho da ração no desempenho de juvenis de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Foram utilizados 120 juvenis com peso inicial de 8,42±0,89, comprimento total de 7,03±0,20cm, comprimento padrão de 6,32±0,13cm e altura de 3,21±0,11cm, distribuídos em 20 aquários (300L), na densidade de seis peixes por unidade experimental (aquário), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos constituídos por diferentes granulometrias - 850, 710, 500, 300, 150µm - do milho na composição da ração. Cada tratamento tinha quatro repetições. O tratamento que proporcionou melhor desempenho dos animais foi o com granulometria do milho de 150µm, destacando-se a conversão alimentar de 1,38, enquanto no tratamento com maior granulometria a conversão alimentar foi de 1,61. Assim, recomenda-se usar a granulometria de 150µm.

The effect of different particle size of corn ration on the performance of juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, was evaluated. A total of 120 juveniles with an initial weight of 8.42±0.89g, total length 7.03±0.20cm, standard length, 6.32±0.13cm, and height 3.21±0.11cm, were distributed into 20 tanks (300L), at a density of six fish per experimental unit (tank), in a completely randomized design with five treatments consisting of different particle sizes 850, 710, 500, 300, 150µm of corn in the ration composition. Each treatment had four replicates. Among all treatments, the best animal performance was achieved with the ration with corn particle size of 150µm, reaching a feed conversion ratio of 1.38, whereas for larger feed grain size, it was 1.61. Thus, the particle size of 150µm is recommended.

Herpes simplex 2 e citomegalovirus: efeitos citopáticos vs mecanismos de infecção: [revisão] / Herpes simplex 2 virus and cytomegalovirus cytophatic effects vs infection mechanics: [review]

O vírus, contrariamente a outras classes de agentes que afetam o organismo, não são observáveis em microscopia óptica, refletindo-se apenas microscopicamente em efeitos virais (ECPV), que permitem identificá-los por constituírem um conjunto de alterações patognomônicas a nível celular. O aumento nuclear, a variação da morfologia celular, a perda do padrão da cromatina, as inclusões intranucleares ou intracitoplasmáticas ou a multinucleação, são alguns dos ECPV mais comuns. Entre os vírus que afetam a mucosa genital na família Herpesviridae, inserem-se Herpes Simplex 2 e o Citomegalovirus, cujo diagnóstico deverá ter em conta a complexidade dos mecanismos de replicação. Assim, e apesar dos vários métodos para a detecção do vírus, a citologia continua a ser um método viável para o diagnóstico destas infecções virais, sendo que a compreensão do processo de infecção contribui para a correta avaliação microscópica. Este trabalho tem como finalidade efetuar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o grupo Herpes, focando o Herpes Simplex 2 e o Citomegalovirus, assim como, explicar e relacionar os ECPV, associados ao grupo Herpes , tendo por base os mecanismos de infecção.

Association of the heart fatty acid-binding protein gene with quality of carcass and meat traits in pigs / Associação entre o gene da proteína de ligação de ácidos graxos - coração com características de carcaça e qualidade da carne em suínos

The heart fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) gene was sequenced in parental animals of a F2 crossing of boars of the Brazilian native Piau breed with commercial sows (Landrace x Large White Pietrain). Primers used for PCR were designed to amplify four exons of the gene. The PCR products were sequenced and compared with the GenBank sequences. Differences between the generated sequences and the GenBank sequences were observed for both genetic groups. A total of 246 F2 animals were genotyped using the Hinf I restriction enzyme. Two genotypes were identified, 198 being animals HH and 48 Hh. The Hinf I SNP was significantly associated with weights of loin (bone-in) (P<0.05), jowl (P<0.05), sirloin (P<0.10), and kidneys (P<0.01). These results showed the potential of the H-FABP gene in marker-assisted selection programs for carcass traits in pigs.

O gene da proteína de ligação de ácidos graxos - coração foi seqüenciado em animais parentais de um cruzamento F2 entre varrões da raça nativa brasileira Piau e fêmeas comerciais (Landrace x Large White x Pietrain). Os primers utilizados na reação em cadeia da polimerase foram desenhados para amplificarem os quatro éxons do gene. Os fragmentos amplificados foram seqüenciados e comparados com a seqüência do gene depositada no GenBank. Foram observadas divergências entre as seqüências geradas e as do GenBank para ambos os grupos genéticos. Foram genotipados 246 animais F2 utilizando-se a enzima Hinf I. Dois genótipos foram identificados, sendo 198 animais HH e 48 animais Hh. O polimorfismo apresentou efeito sobre o peso total do carré (P<0,05), o peso da papada (P<0,05), o peso do filezinho (P<0,10) e o peso dos rins (P<0,01). Os resultados indicam que o gene da H-FABP apresenta potencial para aplicação em programas de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares em suínos.

High germinal instability of the (CTG)n at the SCA8 locus of both expanded and normal alleles.

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of late-onset, neurodegenerative disorders for which 10 loci have been mapped (SCA1, SCA2, SCA4-SCA8, SCA10, MJD, and DRPLA). The mutant proteins have shown an expanded polyglutamine tract in SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and DRPLA; a glycine-to-arginine substitution was found in SCA6 as well. Recently, an untranslated (CTG)n expansion on chromosome 13q was described as being the cause of SCA8. We have now (1) assessed the repeat size in a group of patients with ataxia and a large number of controls, (2) examined the intergenerational transmission of the repeat, and (3) estimated the instability of repeat size in the sperm of one patient and two healthy controls. Normal SCA8 chromosomes showed an apparently trimodal distribution, with classes of small (15-21 CTGs), intermediate (22-37 CTGs), and large (40-91 CTGs) alleles; large alleles accounted for only0.7% of all normal-size alleles. No expanded alleles (>/=100 CTGs) were found in controls. Expansion of the CTG tract was found in five families with ataxia; expanded alleles (all paternally transmitted) were characterized mostly by repeat-size contraction. There was a high germinal instability of both expanded and normal alleles: in one patient, the expanded allele (152 CTGs) had mostly contraction in size (often into the normal range); in the sperm of two normal controls, contractions were also more frequent, but occasional expansions into the upper limit of the normal size range were also seen. In conclusion, our results show (1) no overlapping between control (15-91) and pathogenic (100-152) alleles and (2) a high instability in spermatogenesis (both for expanded and normal alleles), suggesting a high mutational rate at the SCA8 locus.

Focal malignant liver lesions: diagnosis by dynamic incremental CT, early phase.

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of dynamic incremental bolus-enhanced conventional CT (DICT) with intravenous contrast administration, early phase, in the diagnosis of malignancy of focal liver lesions. A total of 122 lesions were selected in 74 patients considering the following criteria: lesion diameter 10 mm or more, number of lesions less than six per study, except in multiple angiomatosis and the existence of a valid criteria of definitive diagnosis. Lesions were categorized into seven levels of diagnostic confidence of malignancy compared with the definitive diagnosis for acquisition of a receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique. Forty-six and 70 lesions were correctly diagnosed as malignant and benign, respectively; there were 2 false-positive and 4 false-negative diagnoses of malignancy and the sensitivity and specificity obtained were 92 and 97%. The DICT early phase was confirmed as a highly accurate method in the characterization and diagnosis of malignancy of focal liver lesions, requiring an optimal technical performance and judicious analysis of existing semiological data.

Levamisol no tratamento da ancilostomiase. / Levamisole in the treatment of ancylostomiasis

Baseado em trabalhos realizados no Egito, utilizou-se o levamisol em dose unica no tratamento de 30 criancas com ancilostomiase. O percentual de cura foi de 53,3%, inferior aos resultados relatados com o mebendazol e o hidroxinaftoato de befenio

Tratamento da esporotricose pelo ketoconazol. / Treatment of sporotrichosis with ketoconazole

O iodeto de potassio e a medicacao de escolha no tratamento da esporotricose. Quando ocorre intolerancia, resistencia do Sporothrix schenkii ao iodo ou a associacao da esporotricose a doencas em que estes compostos sao contra-indicados, outras opcoes de tratamento sao necessarias. Usamos o ketoconazol na esporotricose com cura clinica e micologica.Devido a baixa toxicidade e ausencia de efeitos colaterais, esta droga podera ser mais uma opcao de tratamento desta micose