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1.
Reproduction ; 2024 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39189990

RESUMEN

Alpha-ketoglutarate is an important intermediate molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle with a prominent role in distinct biological processes such as cellular energy metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways. We conducted a registered scoping review (OSF: osf.io/b8nyt) to explore the impact of exogenous supplementation on reproductive capabilities. Our strategy included evaluating the main research literature from different databases like PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of ScienceTM, Scopus, and Excerpta Medica dataBASE using a specific systematic layout to encompass all investigations based on experimental models and critically compare the results. Twenty-one studies were included in the main body of this manuscript which revealed that exogenous supplementation induced dose- and sex-dependent modifications. This metabolite modulates the expression of pluripotency genes, thus controlling stem cells' self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming dynamics, while also alleviating structural transformations induced by exposure to heavy metals and other inhibitors. This significantly demonstrated a direct influence of alpha-ketoglutarate in mitigating oxidative stress prolonging the lifespan, consequently supporting metabolic and endocrine adjustments. It influences oocyte quality and quantity, delays reproductive aging, and establishes an optimal competence framework for development with a minimal risk of failure. Therefore, alpha-ketoglutarate is linked to improving reproductive performance, but further studies are needed due to a lack of studies on humans.

2.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(7)2023 Jun 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37512022

RESUMEN

Endometriosis is a significant cause of disability that affects 5-10% of reproductive-aged women. Laparoscopy with histological confirmation is the gold standard in establishing the diagnosis as therapeutic management surgery is addressed to a certain category of patients. The objective of this study was to assess patient adherence to follow-up after surgery for endometriosis as the primary endpoint, pain symptoms, quality of life, mental health, and fertility as the secondary endpoints. We have analyzed patients' adherence to follow-up after surgery for endometriosis after 1, 3, 5, and 7 years. Out of the 2538 total number of surgeries, 453 patients replied just to the first questionnaire (group A), 528 to the first and second (group B), and only 356 carried out the entire follow-up schedule. General health was significantly lower for group A (46.6 vs. 56.4) but with no statistical difference in the post-surgical improvement in both groups. Pain level score improvement was lower for group A (10.5 vs. 18.8), which is statistically significant. In this light, laparoscopy still remains the gold standard in diagnosis only. Furthermore, no malignancy was discovered. The mental component was improved by laparoscopy based on SF-36 in group B. Studies on patient preference for surgery versus alternative treatment are needed.


Asunto(s)
Endometriosis , Infertilidad Femenina , Laparoscopía , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/cirugía , Endometriosis/patología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Calidad de Vida , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Dolor Pélvico/cirugía , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos
3.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 56(11)2020 Oct 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33143152

RESUMEN

Anorectal atresia (ARA) is a common congenital anomaly, but prenatal diagnosis is difficult, late, and unspecific. Utilizing a case of a 46 year old primipara with an egg donation In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) pregnancy, diagnosed at the first trimester scan with an anechoic isolated structure, which indicates anal atresia, we performed a systematic literature review in order to evaluate early prenatal ARA diagnosis. A total of 16 cases were reported as first trimester ARA suspicion, and only three had no associated anomalies. The most frequent ultrasound (US) sign was the presence of a cystic, anechoic pelvic structure of mainly tubular shape, or a plain abdominal cyst. In the majority of cases, structures were thin-walled and delimitated from the bladder. The presence of hyperechoic spots signifying enterolithiasis and peristaltic movements were helpful in order to establish the bowel origin of the lesion. Considering the high eventuality that the lesion is transitory, meaning later in pregnancy the fetus looks normal, early detection of such a sign should prompt further structural detailed evaluation, karyotyping, and appropriate pregnancy and postnatal counselling.


Asunto(s)
Malformaciones Anorrectales , Malformaciones Anorrectales/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Feto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Ultrasonografía , Ultrasonografía Prenatal
4.
J BUON ; 22(4): 844-852, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29155509

RESUMEN

Nowadays, cancer is being detected at younger ages. Health care providers should consider cancer patients' desire towards fertility preservation before the initiation of possibly sterilizing treatments. The aim of the current review was to register the current state of fertility preservation procedures available for male and female cancer patients.


Asunto(s)
Preservación de la Fertilidad/métodos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia
5.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 53(7): 1250-5, 2014 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24599921

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the influence of active disease status and TNF-α antagonists on sperm quality in a group of AS patients. METHODS: Twenty-three active AS patients and 42 controls were recruited. Patients' sperm samples were analysed at baseline (previous to) and at 3-6 months after TNF-α therapy (adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept) administration. Baseline assessment was made for only 20 patients, 2 of them proving to have normal fertility, 2 having a pregnant stable partner and the third having a 9-month-old child. Six patients were retested after 12 months of biologic therapy. Each patient acted as his own comparator. Results were further compared with sperm samples from age-matched controls. Sperm analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 guidelines. RESULTS: Patients' baseline assessment showed normozoospermia in 91% and oligozoospermia in 9% of patients. No significant differences in sperm quality were noticed at follow-up visits compared with baseline. Comparison to controls showed no statistically significant differences in semen quality, with some exceptions: the control group presented a higher percentage of non-progressive and immobile sperm cells and higher numbers of head and tail atypias. CONCLUSION: Sperm quality in patients with active AS and after receiving short- and long-term TNF-α blocker therapy is comparable to sperm quality in healthy controls. Our study confirms that the disease process of AS does not have a major impact on sperm quality and that treatment with anti-TNF has no negative impact on sperm quality even under long-term treatment.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Inmunoglobulina G/uso terapéutico , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/uso terapéutico , Análisis de Semen , Espermatozoides/citología , Espondilitis Anquilosante/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Adalimumab , Adulto , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/farmacología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Etanercept , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/efectos adversos , Inmunoglobulina G/farmacología , Incidencia , Infliximab , Masculino , Oligospermia/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 14(15)2024 Jul 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39125524

RESUMEN

A complete uterine septum, with a double cervix and vaginal septum, is a complex and rare congenital genital tract anomaly. The diagnosis is difficult and often challenging, requiring complex imaging investigations and diagnostic hysteroscopy. The benefit of hysteroscopic metroplasty for this uterine malformation is still the subject of dispute. However, the potential benefits of obtaining pregnancies and reducing the rate of abortions make this surgical method a desirable one. We present a series of three cases with U2bC2V1 malformation that were diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which hysteroscopic removal of the uterine septum and resection of the longitudinal vaginal septum were performed, with the preservation of the two cervixes. All patients became pregnant after the hysteroscopic intervention and reported an improvement in dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea.

7.
Rom J Morphol Embryol ; 64(2): 159-164, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37518872

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value as diagnosis makers of cancer antigen (CA)125, human epididymis 4 (HE4), and CA72-4 serum levels in ovarian endometriosis (OvEndo). PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serum levels of CA125, HE4, and CA72-4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for a group of 29 cases of OvEndo and a control (CTR) group of 26 cases. RESULTS: Results were compared between groups and statistical correlation was analyzed between the three biomarkers. (i) For CA125, we found a statistically significant difference in-between the mean serum levels of the two groups: 9.02 U∕mL in the OvEndo group versus 7.1 U∕mL in the CTR group (p=0.0158). (ii) A similar situation was found for CA72-4 levels in OvEndo group, where the mean serum level was 6.1 U∕mL compared to 3.5 U∕mL in the CTR group, showing a significant difference (p=0.0185). (iii) The mean serum level of HE4 in the OvEndo group was 7.6 ng∕mL versus 7.8 ng∕mL in the CTR group, and we found it highly significant (p=0.0001). HE4 levels were highly correlated with CA72-4 levels (p<0.0001), while CA125 levels were not correlated with HE4 and CA72-4. CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of CA125 can be used in the diagnosis of OvEndo mainly in association with HE4 serum levels, which are lower in endometriosis patients. CA72-4 levels are highly correlated with HE4 levels in patients with OvEndo, while no correlation with the other two markers was found. This correlation needs further investigation to establish if it may be used as a possible diagnostic tool in clinical practice.

8.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 12(1)2022 Jan 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35054392

RESUMEN

The examination of very small fetal hearts requires special equipment and a specialist that are not available in many general pathology laboratories. Compared to conventional examination, the four-chamber cardiac dissection (4CCD) method can be performed by any pathologist using instruments generally available in pathology services. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the 4CCD method in the examination of small fetal hearts using post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (pm-MRI) at 7T as the standard. Twelve fetuses with gestational ages between 13 and 19 weeks have been included in this study. All fetuses underwent pm-MRI examination prior to pathologic examination. The 4CCD method was used for the cardiac examination in all cases following the same guidelines for cardiac sectioning. The 4CCD was able to identify all cardiac anatomic structures as compared to pm-MRI at 7T, demonstrating a sensibility of 95.8% (95% CI, 94.5-95.8) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 32.3-100). The overall accuracy in identifying cardiac anatomic structures was 95.8% (95% CI, 93.4-95.8). Additionally, the 4CCD method was able to detect cardiac anomalies with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91% (95% CI, 85.8-94.2), sensibility of 67.6% (95% CI, 54.5-75.3), and specificity of 97% (95% CI, 93.7-99) as compared to pm-MRI at 7T. The four-chamber view dissection method can be considered as an alternative to the conventional inflow-outflow dissection method in selected cases.

9.
Rom J Morphol Embryol ; 63(1): 137-144, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36074677

RESUMEN

Endometriosis is a relatively frequent pathology in gynecological practice. We performed an analysis to demonstrate the molecular changes that occur in endometriosis synthetic progestin-treated patients, hoping to sketch a possible pathophysiological pathway that will help us to better understand and treat this debilitating disease. We conducted a prospective study that included a group of 40 women, evaluated in our hospital between 2020-2021. We evaluated immunohistochemical tissue expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, Ki-67, and serum levels of osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with ovarian endometrioma with and without progestin treatment. Our study revealed that Desogestrel treatment increases OPN serum levels, PR and Bcl-2 tissue expression and reduces VEGF serum levels and Ki-67 tissue expression. The results we have obtained are very interesting because the serum levels of OPN seem to be more influenced by progestin treatment, than by endometriosis itself. The study we have conducted gives a molecular complex view of what endometriosis represents and on how Desogestrel treatment works.


Asunto(s)
Endometriosis , Neoplasias Ováricas , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Desogestrel/farmacología , Desogestrel/uso terapéutico , Endometriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Endometriosis/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67 , Progestinas , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular
10.
Biomedicines ; 9(6)2021 Jun 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34207450

RESUMEN

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women as survival is highly dependent on the stage of the disease. Ovarian cancer is typically diagnosed in the late stage due to the fact that in the early phases is mostly asymptomatic. Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. While ovarian cancer is stratified into different clinical subtypes, there still exists extensive genetic and progressive diversity within each subtype. Early detection of the disorder is one of the most important steps that facilitate a favorable prognosis and a good response to medical therapy for the patients. In targeted therapies, individual patients are treated by agents targeting the changes in tumor cells that help them grow, divide and spread. Currently, in gynecological malignancies, potential therapeutic targets include tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways, angiogenesis, homologous-recombination deficiency, hormone receptors, and immunologic factors. Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in the final stages, partially due to the absence of an effective screening strategy, although, over the times, numerous biomarkers have been studied and used to assess the status, progression, and efficacy of the drug therapy in this type of disorder.

11.
Exp Ther Med ; 22(5): 1261, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34603529

RESUMEN

The rapid development achieved over the last decades in volume rendering of ultrasound data, known as three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound technique, leads to new opportunities for refining the diagnosis in many gynaecologic conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the advantages of 3D ultrasound over two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound in uterine pathology and to establish the optimal time point during the menstrual cycle to perform 3D ultrasound examination in order to achieve the maximum of useful information. A cross-sectional study on 200 patients who underwent gynaecologic 2D and 3D ultrasound examinations was performed. The addition of 3D examination to 2D ultrasound in uterine pathology provided the most useful information concerning: Congenital uterine anomalies, intrauterine devices (IUDs), adenomyosis, and submucous myomas. The findings showed that the 3D ultrasound scan is a useful tool in gynaecology, especially in cases with congenital uterine anomalies, myoma, and IUD. Although initially it was used for research purposes only, recent findings suggest its usefulness in routine ultrasound scan and the possibility of witnessing its introduction as a recommended examination procedure in the foreseeable future. Further research should be conducted in order to establish the sensitivity of 3D ultrasound in the detection of minor endometrial conditions, by correlating the imaging findings with the hysteroscopic results.

12.
Med Ultrason ; 22(2): 189-196, 2020 May 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32190852

RESUMEN

Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is a rare condition characterized by complete or partial expression of 5 types of congenital birth defects originating in (1) the lower sternum, (2) the anterior diaphragm, (3) the diaphragmatic pericardium, (4) the midline/ventral supraumbilical abdominal wall region, and (5) the heart. POC can be diagnosed antenatally by means of ultrasonography (US), the task being difficult if defects are minor. Advances in the field of US and the introduction of the first morphology trimester as state-of-the-art pregnancy monitoring, facilitate the early diagnosis of this condition. We performed a systematic review on 67 reported cases of POC diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy (published from January 1980 to July 2019). The aim of our systematic review was twofold: to assess the main US findings in the first trimester of pregnancy and to increase awareness of early diagnostic possibilities. Our study showed that POC can be diagnosed in the first trimesterof pregnancy based on key US findings such as the association between omphalocele and ectopia cordis. When these two anomalies are present, increased nuchal translucency can also be considered a marker of POC in the first trimester.


Asunto(s)
Pentalogía de Cantrell/diagnóstico por imagen , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Síndrome
13.
Med Ultrason ; 22(4): 469-475, 2020 Nov 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32905566

RESUMEN

Adnexal masses are common, yet challenging, in gynecological practice. Making the differential diagnosis between their benign and malignant condition is essential for optimal surgical management, but reliable pre-surgical differentiation is sometimes difficult using clinical features, ultrasound examination, or tumor markers alone. A possible way to improve the diagnosis is using artificial intelligence (AI) or logistic models developed based on compiling and processing clinical, ultrasound, and tumor marker data together. Ample research has already been conducted in this regard that medical practitioners could benefit from. In this systematic review, we present logistic models and methods using AI, chosen based on their demonstrated high performance in clinical practice. Although some external validation of these models has been performed, further prospective studies are needed in order to select the best model or to create a new, more efficient, one for the pre-surgical evaluation of ovarian masses.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Anexos , Neoplasias Ováricas , Enfermedades de los Anexos/diagnóstico por imagen , Inteligencia Artificial , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
14.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 32(13): 2241-2248, 2019 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29320920

RESUMEN

A case of uterine rupture at 24 weeks in a pregnancy succeeding myomectomy and triple embryo transfer is described and literature is reviewed systematically to evaluate the importance of uterine rupture in pregnancies after myomectomy in general and some important sub-populations. Systematic search identified 179 papers and following a strategical selection process 45 studies were analyzed in detail, including 6 cohort and 19 observational studies, 3 case series and 17 case reports. Comparison of risk of uterine rupture after abdominal and laparoscopic myomectomy is made. In pregnancies after IVF number of embryos transferred are determined. Optimal contraceptive intervals and surgical techniques are discussed. The consequences of these observations are analyzed and conclusions are made which can assist individualizing treatment options and improve patient selection.


Asunto(s)
Miomectomía Uterina/efectos adversos , Rotura Uterina/etiología , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro/efectos adversos , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Leiomioma/cirugía , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Muerte Perinatal , Embarazo , Embarazo Triple , Rotura Uterina/cirugía
15.
J Rheumatol ; 46(9): 1084-1088, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30824658

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To examine the pregnancy achievement and outcomes in couples in which men with spondyloarthritis (SpA) were exposed to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). METHODS: Information about pregnancies involving fathers with SpA was prospectively collected by 6 Romanian rheumatology centers. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients achieved 33 pregnancies and fathered 30 healthy children. Three elective abortions (personal reasons) and no spontaneous abortions, preeclampsia/eclampsia, stillbirths, congenital malformations, or pathologies in the children were recorded. Five patients showed normospermia before and after longterm TNFi treatment. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy and child outcomes in male patients with SpA exposed to longterm TNFi therapy were reassuring.


Asunto(s)
Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Exposición Paterna , Espondiloartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Padre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto Joven
16.
Cancer Manag Res ; 10: 1517-1526, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29942153

RESUMEN

In total, 80%-90% of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients are curable with combination chemoradiotherapy. Due to improvements in therapeutic strategies, 50% of all relapsed/refractory patients may undergo complete clinical responses and have long-term survival. Treatment options for HL are effective, but may have a negative impact on post-chemotherapy fertility. Thus, cryopreservation of semen prior to treatment is recommended for male patients. For female patients, assisted reproductive techniques (ART) consult and fertility preservation should be offered as a therapeutical option. In the last years, new targeted molecules have been available for HL treatment. These new drugs showed a high rate of overall responses in the setting of heavily pretreated patients, most of them in relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation, a group previously considered very poor risk. Up to 50% of patients have a complete response and an improved overall survival. Future studies will address the usefulness of novel molecules as a frontline therapy. Considering the high response and survival rates with monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, fertility has become a concerning issue for long-term HL survivors. As progress has been made regarding ART, with the rigorous steps planned for HL patients, more survivors will become parents.

17.
Med Ultrason ; 20(3): 319-327, 2018 Aug 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30167585

RESUMEN

Pregnancy induces profound changes in the maternal body and the normality spectrum may differ compared to non-pregnant subjects. AIMS: The main objective was to establish the presence, frequency and distribution of articular and peri-articular abnormal findings in healthy women, pregnant and non-pregnant, using clinical examination (CE) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS). Second objective was to identify which joint/tendon set would show fewer modifications in both groups of healthy subjects and would remain stable throughout pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study on healthy pregnant (case group, 5 evaluations - 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and 2 postpartum visits) and non-pregnant female volunteers (control group, one evaluation), consisting in CE vs MSUS joint and tendon evaluation, was conducted. MSUS elementary lesions such as synovial hypertrophy, effusion, Power Doppler (PD) signal, erosions and osteophytes were quantified. RESULTS: The case group (20 pregnant women) and 75 age- matched controls were evaluated on 46 joints and 24 tendon units. The highest frequency of grey scale pathologic-like imaging abnormalities was detected at metatarsophalangeal joints and wrist level in both groups. No pathologic-like abnormalities throughout pregnancy and postpartum were detected on flexor tendons (F1-F5), metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPj), extensor carpi ulnaris tendon (EUC) and large joints (glenohumeral, elbow, tibiotalar). Very low frequency of PD signal, erosions and osteophytes was identified in both groups. The highest longitudinal change was detected in the effusion on joint and tendon level only. CONCLUSION: MSUS inflammation-like abnormalities can be detected in healthy subjects and pregnancy may modify baseline findings. The identification of a joint/tendon set with less abnormalities (hand flexor tendons F1-F5, MCPj 2-5 and EUC) in healthy subjects would help in selecting target structures, important for identifying the disease onset and for further monitoring.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Musculoesquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo/fisiología , Ultrasonografía Doppler/métodos , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Articulación Metacarpofalángica/diagnóstico por imagen , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Valores de Referencia , Medición de Riesgo , Tendones/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Muñeca/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto Joven
18.
Med Ultrason ; 1(1): 88-94, 2018 Feb 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29400374

RESUMEN

The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography (US) allows the study of fetal movements and facial expressions in real time. The possibility of evaluating fetal movements has led to the study of fetal neurobehaviour, which has been for a long period of time a mystery for physicians. The study of fetal activity in utero could differentiate between normal and abnormal behavioural patterns, thus making possible the early recognition of fetal brain impairment. Facial expressions observed with 4D US represent a marker for neurobehaviour and at the same time could enhance fetal-maternal bonding. The present review represents an update of the literature on fetal movements, facial expressions, and their relationship with fetal neurobehaviour.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/embriología , Encéfalo/fisiología , Expresión Facial , Movimiento Fetal/fisiología , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/métodos , Femenino , Desarrollo Fetal/fisiología , Humanos , Embarazo
19.
Med Ultrason ; 20(2): 221-227, 2018 May 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29730690

RESUMEN

Open spina bifida, also known as spina bifida aperta is a neural tube defect involving the lack of closure of vertebral arches and associated meninges and/or spinal cord abnormalities.Ultrasound examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of spina bifida aperta. It represents the main imaging tool used to ascertain this diagnosis early in gestation. Three-dimensional ultrasound is necessary to detect the level and the size of the defect. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a more sensitive tool, giving specific information of the defect and associated anomalies, playing an important role in ruling out differential diagnosis. Due to the advent of MRI use, it is possible today to achieve in utero treatment of fetuses with this pathology. The aim of the current review is to provide an update of literature regarding the role of ultrasound and MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida aperta.


Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Espina Bífida Quística/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Prenatal
20.
Talanta ; 181: 172-181, 2018 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29426497

RESUMEN

Hydroxyl radical (.OH) is highly reactive, and therefore very short-lived. Finding new means to accurately detect .OH, and testing the ability of known .OH scavengers to neutralize them in human biological fluids would leverage our ability to more effectively counter oxidative (.OH) stress-mediated damage in human diseases. To achieve this, we pursued the evaluation of secondary products resulting from .OH attack, using a detection system based on Fenton reaction-mediated D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) hydroxylation. This reaction in turn generates o-tyrosine (o-tyr), m-tyrosine (m-tyr) and p-tyrosine (p-tyr). Here, these isomers were separated by HPLC, equipped with fluorescence detectors due to the natural fluorescence of these hydrotyrosines. By extension, we found that, adding radical scavengers competed with D-Phe on .OH attack, thus allowing to determine the .OH quenching capacity of a given compound expressed as inhibition ratio percent (IR%). Using a kinetic approach, we then tested the .OH scavenging capacity (OHSC) of well-known antioxidant molecules. In a test tube, N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) was the most efficient scavenger as compared to Trolox and N-Acethyl-L-cysteine, with NAC being the less effective. OHSC assay was then applied to biological fluid samples as seminal plasma, human serum from normal subjects and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), colostrum and human breast milk from mothers that received daily doses of 30g of chocolate (70% cocoa) during pregnancy. We found that a daily administration of dark chocolate during pregnancy almost doubled OHSC levels in breast milk (1.88 ± 0.12 times, p < 0.01). Furthermore, HD treatment determined a significant reduction of serum OHSC concentration (54.63 ± 2.82%, p < 0.001). Our results provide evidence that Fenton reaction-mediated D-Phe hydroxylation is a suitable method for routine and non-invasive evaluation of .OH detection and its scavenging in human biological fluids.


Asunto(s)
Depuradores de Radicales Libres/análisis , Radical Hidroxilo/análisis , Fenilalanina/química , Tirosina/química , Adulto , Chocolate , Dieta , Femenino , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/sangre , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Radical Hidroxilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Radical Hidroxilo/química , Hidroxilación/efectos de los fármacos , Hierro/química , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Leche Humana/química , Embarazo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Semen/química , Tiourea/análogos & derivados , Tiourea/química , Tiourea/farmacología , Adulto Joven
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