Prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer by [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT: a potential tool for selecting patients for active surveillance.

PURPOSE: In our study, our aim was to investigate the role of [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET /CT imaging in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (ISUP GG 2 and higher) in patients initially diagnosed with ISUP GG 1 and 2 after prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 147 patient records in whom [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging was performed preoperatively. All patients were initially diagnosed with ISUP GG 1 and 2 PCa by biopsy. Final pathology reports were obtained after radical prostatectomy. The [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images were evaluated to determine the PRIMARY score. Patients' mpMRI-PIRADS scores were also recorded when available and analyzed in correlation with the pathology results. RESULTS: For the 114 patients scored using PRIMARY, 19 out of 37 patients with scores of 1 and 2 (51%) were diagnosed with csPCa. Of the 77 patients with PRIMARY scores between 3 and 5, 64 (83%) had csPCa. Notably, every patient with a PRIMARY score of 5 had csPCa. PRIMARY scoring had a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 58%, with a positive predictive value of 83%. A moderate correlation was observed between PRIMARY scores and ISUP GG (Rho = 0.54, p < 0.001). In contrast, the PIRADS score displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 25% respectively, with a positive predictive value of 68%. No substantial correlation was found between PIRADS and ISUP GG. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between PRIMARY and ISUP GG (p < 0.001), but not between PIRADS and ISUP GG (p = 0.281). Comparatively, PRIMARY scoring was significantly more reliable than PIRADS scoring in identifying csPCa. CONCLUSION: [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging is promising for distinguishing high-risk prostate cancer patients from those apt for active surveillance, potentially aiding in the identification of csPCa.

Treatment of Depression in Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among individuals with Huntington's disease (HD). Depression in HD and major depressive disorder appear to have different pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite the unique pathophysiology, the treatment of depression in HD is based on data from the treatment of major depressive disorder in the general population. The objective of this systematic review was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Studies on the treatment of depression in HD were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo. The initial search yielded 2,771 records, 41 of which were ultimately included. There were 19 case reports, seven case series, three cross-sectional studies, one qualitative study, nine nonrandomized studies, and two randomized trials among the included studies. The most common assessment tools were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (N=8), the Beck Depression Inventory (N=6), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (N=6). Only 59% of the included studies assessed depressive symptoms with a scoring system. The pharmacological options for the treatment of depression included antidepressants and antipsychotics. Nonpharmacological approaches were multidisciplinary rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and neurostimulation. Limited evidence on the treatment of depression in HD was available, and this literature consisted mainly of case reports and case series. This systematic review highlights the knowledge gap and the pressing need for HD-specific research to determine the efficacy of treatment approaches for depression in HD.

Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylic Acid As a Facile and Highly Selective "Turn-Off" Fluorimetric Chemosensor for Detection of Cu (II) Ions in Aqueous Media.

Copper metal is third most abundant trace element in human body. Determination of Cu (II) ions is a burning topic in field of environment protection and food safety because of its significant impact on ecosystem. In this study, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) has been explored as "turn-off" florescent probe for florescent detection of Cu (II) ions. This sensor showed highly selective complexing ability towards Cu (II) ions. Addition of aqueous solution of Cu (II) ions remarkably quenched the fluorescence intensity of PDA while, on contrary, there was no any prominent fluorescence quenching interference on addition of various metal ions. The binding mode of PDA and Cu (II) ions was determined as stoichiometry of 1:1 and it was further confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. Mechanisms of static and dynamic quenching were confirmed by stern-volmer plot. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for Cu (II) ions was calculated as 3.6 µM and 1.23 µM respectively, which is far below the acceptable value (31.5µM) according to the World Health Organization. The use of the sensor for detection of Cu (II) ions in real samples in aqueous media was also performed.

Zygomatic Implant Length Measurement Without Excessive Flap Release: A Human Cadaver Study.

One of the most important steps in zygomatic implant surgery is to determine the implant length. This cadaver study aims to identify an alternative technique for determining the length of the implant in zygoma surgery without excessive elevation of the flap. A total of 30 cadavers were included in this study. Measurements were made with a probe by seeing the exit point of the drills from the lateral aspect of the zygomatic bone. Secondly, without excessive flap release, the distance that the depth probe first raises the skin over the lateral border of the zygoma is measured. The average difference between the measurements made without excessive elevation of the flap and with a retractor placed on the zygomaticofrontal notch was found to be 5.41 ± 0.94 mm (range: 5-7.5 mm). According to the results of this study, the zygomatic implant should be placed at least 5 mm shorter than the length at which the depth probe first raises the skin over the lateral border of the zygomatic bone.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorimetric Study of 2-phenylphthalazin-1(2H)-one: a Highly Selective Florescent Chemosensor for Detection of Fe3+ and Fe2+ Metal Ions.

A ligand, 2-phenylphthalazin-1(2H)-one (K), was synthesized by refluxing 2-formylbenzoic acid with phenyl hydrazine in presence of ethanol. FTIR, elemental analysis and single crystal XRD techniques were used to elucidate the structure. Fluorimetric turn-off response was recorded when solution of ligand (K) in DMF was treated with aqueous solution of Fe3+ and Fe2+ metal ions. No specific changes were observed on addition of other metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Al3+, Ag1+, Co2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Cr3+). Limit of Detection (LOD) was calculated for Fe2 and Fe3+as 2.4 µM and 2.5µM respectively, which is quite below to the recommended value 5.4 µM of the Environment Protection Agency of USA. Association constants for Fe3+ and Fe2+ metal ions were determined as 6 × 10-4 M-1 and 3.6 × 10-4 M-1 respectively. Benesi-Hildebrand plot confirmed 1:1 binding ratio between metal ions and ligand.

Novel Thioether-Bridged 2,6-Disubstituted and 2,5,6-Trisubstituted Imidazothiadiazole Analogues: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, ADME, and Molecular Docking Studies.

In this study, starting from 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (3-5), a new series of 2,6-disubstituted (compounds 7-15) and 2,5,6-trisubstituted (compounds 16-33) imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized using cyclization and Mannich reaction mechanisms, respectively. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and mass spectroscopy techniques. Also, X-ray diffraction analysis were used for compounds 4, 7, 11, 17, and 19. The cytotoxic effects of the new compounds on the viability of colon cancer cells (DLD-1), lung cancer cells (A549), and liver cancer cells (HepG2) were investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in vitro. Compound 15 was found to be the most potent anticancer drug candidate in this series with an IC50 value of 3.63 µM against HepG2 for 48 h. Moreover, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters of the synthesized compounds were calculated and thus, their potential to be safe drugs was evaluated. Finally, to support the biological activity experiments, molecular docking studies of these compounds were carried out on three different target cancer protein structures (PDB IDs: 5ETY, 1M17, and 3GCW), and the amino acids that play key roles in the binding of the compounds to these proteins were determined.

Treatment of Severely Atrophic Maxilla by Using Zygomatic, Pterygoid, and Transnasal Implants.

For many decades the success of dental implants has been considered to be dependent predominantly on the quality and quantity of the patient's alveolar bone. Grafting procedures have been commonly used to rehabilitate severely atrophic jaws but these procedures have disadvantages such as long treatment duration, major surgery, the risk of morbidity in the donor area, and high treatment costs. Recently, the use of 4 zygomatic implants has become an important treatment option in the rehabilitation of extremely atrophic maxilla. The quad zygoma technique is a method applied in cases where conventional implants cannot be used in the anterior maxilla. However, the technique has some difficulties and requires surgical experience. An alternative to the use of quad zygomatic implants is the placement of transnasal with zygomatic implants and subperiosteal implants. The aim of this case report was to present the treatment of a patient with severely atrophic maxilla with zygomatic, pterygoid, and transnasal implants.

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma with PAX3/FOXO1 fusion.

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS), previously known as low-grade sinonasal sarcoma, is a rare tumour of the sinonasal tract, first described in 2012. It involves both myogenic and neural differentiation and is characterized by PAX3 rearrangement. MAML3 is the most frequent fusion partner of PAX3; however, its partner remains unidentified in a subset of cases. These tumours have significant local recurrence rates but lack metastatic potential. Here, we report a case of BSNS with PAX3/FOXO1 fusion and discuss its clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis.

Catalytic aza-Nazarov cyclization reactions to access α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles.

We have developed a catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction of N-acyliminium salts generated in situ from the reaction of a variety of cyclic and acyclic imines with α,ß-unsaturated acyl chlorides to afford substituted α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. The reactions proceed effectively in the presence of catalytic (20 mol %) amounts of AgOTf as an anion exchange agent or hydrogen-bond donors such as squaramides and thioureas as anion-binding organocatalysts. The aza-Nazarov cyclization of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with α,ß-unsaturated acyl chlorides gives tricyclic lactam products 7 in up to 79% yield with full diastereocontrol (dr = >99:1). The use of acyclic imines in a similar catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction with 20 mol % of AgOTf results in the formation of α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles 19 in up to 76% yield and with good to high diastereoselectivities (4.3:1 to 16:1). We have demonstrated the scalability of the reaction with a gram-scale example. The relative stereochemistry of the α-methylene-γ-lactam products 19 has been determined via the single-crystal X-ray analysis of lactam 19l. In order to shed light on the details of the reaction mechanism, we have performed carefully designed mechanistic studies which consist of experiments on the effect of ß-silicon stabilization, the alkene geometry of the α,ß-unsaturated acyl chloride reactants, and adventitious water on the success of the catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction.

Rapid Access to Hydroxyfluoranthenes via a Domino Suzuki-Miyaura/Intramolecular Diels-Alder/Ring-Opening Reactions Sequence.

In this work, we developed an efficient method for the rapid construction of fluoranthene skeleton to access a variety of substituted hydroxyfluoranthenes. The 1-iodo-8-alkynylnaphthalene derivatives, which serve as substrates for the key fluoranthene-forming step, were prepared via selective monoalkynylative Sonogashira reactions of 1,8-diiodonaphthalene. The domino reaction sequence which involves a sequential Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, and an aromatization-driven ring-opening isomerization has been shown to give substituted hydroxyfluoranthenes in up to 92% yield. This work demonstrates the utility of designing new domino reactions for rapid access to substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Effect of simulated tootbrushing on surface roughness of sealant agent coupled nanohybrid composite resins.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of toothbrushing on the surface roughness (Ra ) of different sealant agent coupled nanohybrid composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty disc-shaped (10 × 2 mm) specimens were prepared from four different nanohybrid composite resins (Z-550, Tetric EvoCeram, Clearfill Majesty, Ice). Specimen groups were divided into four subgroups for conventional polishing (control) and to apply three different surface sealant agents (Palaseal, Optiglaze, Biscover LV) (n = 10). The Ra values of the specimens were recorded before (Ra 0) and after 10,000 cycles of toothbrushing (Ra 1). The surface properties of the specimens were evaluated with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD, and paired sample t tests. RESULTS: Composite resin material, surface treatment, and their interaction were significant on Ra values (p < 0.001). Significant decrease in Ra 0 values observed for surface sealant agent coupled Clearfill Majesty and Tetric EvoCeram composite resin groups compared with the control groups (p < 0.05). After simulated one-year toothbrushing, the control group of Clearfill Majesty had the highest Ra 1 value (p < 0.001). The Ra 1 values of all groups were significantly higher than the Ra 0 values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Simulated 1-year toothbrushing increased the surface roughness of all nanohybrid composite resin materials. Optiglaze and Biscover LV sealant agents on Tetric EvoCeram, and all tested sealant agents on Clearfill Majesty enabled smoother surfaces than conventional polishing after toothbrushing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Because toothbrushing increases the surface roughness of tested nanohybrid composite resins, the application of surface sealant agents on some of the tested resins can be considered for smoother surfaces.

Surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion on surface sealant agent coupled interim crown materials after dynamic loading.

BACKGROUND: With the application of surface sealant agents, smooth surfaces can be achieved in a shorter time when compared with conventional polishing. However, studies on the performance of these agents against chewing forces are not many. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion on surface sealent coupled interim prosthetic materials after chewing simulation. METHODS: One hundred and twelve specimens were fabricated from two poly(methyl methacrylate) (Tab 2000, Dentalon Plus) and two bis-acryl (Tempofit, Protemp 4) interim crown materials and divided into 4 groups (n = 7) according to applied surface treatment: conventional polishing (control) and 3 surface sealant (Palaseal, Optiglaze, Biscover) coupling methods. The surface roughness values (Ra) were measured with a profilometer before (Ra0) and after aging through dynamic loading in a multifunctional chewing simulator for 10,000 cycles at 50 N load combined with integral thermocycling (between 5 and 55 °C) (Ra1). Specimens were incubated with Streptococcus mutans suspension and the total number of adherent bacteria was calculated by multiplying the counted bacterial colonies with the dilution coefficient. RESULTS: Surface sealant agent application significantly decreased the surface roughness compared with conventionally polished specimens, except for Optiglaze or BisCover LV applied Protemp 4 and Palaseal or Biscover LV applied Tempofit. Surface roughness after dynamic loading showed a statistically significant increase in all groups, except for the control groups of Tab 2000 and Protemp 4. A positive correlation was found between surface roughness values of interim prosthodontic materials and the quantitiy of Streptococcus Mutans. CONCLUSIONS: Even though surface sealant agent application significantly decreased the surface roughness compared with conventionally polished specimens, dynamic loading significantly increased the surface roughness of all surface sealant coupled materials. The Ra values of all test groups were higher than the plaque accumulation threshold (0.20 µm). Streptococcus mutans adhered more on rougher surfaces.

The iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazones. Synthesis, experimental, theoretical characterization, and antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2.

The discovery of new inhibitors that can be used in the treatment of viral diseases, including Covid-19, is an area open to research, and there is a need for innovative compounds with increased efficiency that provide inhibition by suppressing enzyme, and receptor mechanisms. The iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized by template condensation of 4-methoxy-salicylaldehyde with S-methylthiosemicarbazone derivatives of 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetone (for Fe1) and methylacetoacetate (for Ni1). The complex structures having N2O2-chelating thiosemicarbazidato ligand were identified by analytical, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallography results. Coordination environment of iron(III) center in complex Fe1 has a distorted square pyramidal geometry consisting of the N2O2 donor set and a chlorine atom, while that of Ni1 is square plane with the set. Inhibitory effect of Fe1 compound against SARS-CoV-2 virus specific 3C-like protease enzyme was investigated experimentally. It was determined that the highest inhibition concentration of Fe1 was 100 µM. Percent inhibition activity at this concentration was on average 30.62 ± 3.809%. Binding of both compounds to the 3C-like protease enzyme specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was analyzed using docking calculations. As a result of the docking calculation of Fe1, it has been observed that the compound has a binding energy of -7.4 kcal / mol to 3CL-like protease. It has been observed that the protein amino acids GLY143, THR26, and ASN142 contribute to the high binding affinity of the Fe1. The experimental and theoretical results obtained for the two complexes support each other.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of organometallic Ru(II) diamine complexes.

A series of mono and bimetallic ruthenium(II) arene complexes bearing diamine (Ru1-6) were prepared and fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 19F, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of the bimetallic complex (Ru5) was determined by X-ray crystallography. Monometallic analogues (Ru1-3) were synthesized to investigate the contributions of ruthenium and the other organic groups (aren, ethylenediamine, butyl) to the activity. The electrochemical behaviors of mono and bimetallic complexes were obtained from the relationship between cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the biological activities of the compounds. The cytotoxic activities of the complexes (Ru1-6) were tested against wide-scale cancer cell lines, namely HeLa, MDA-MB-231, DU-145, LNCaP, Hep-G2, Saos-2, PC-3, and MCF-7, and normal cell lines 3T3-L1 and Vero. Diamine Ru(II) arene complexes have unique biological characteristics and they are promising models for new anticancer drug development. MTT analysis reveals that each synthesized Ru complex showed cytotoxic activity towards the different cancer cells. In particular, three Ru complexes (Ru3, Ru5 and Ru6) showed less toxic effects on the cancer cells than the others. These novel Ru complexes affected both cancer and normal cell lines. As they had a toxic effect on the cells, the dosage applied should be tested before being used for in vivo applications. Cytotoxicity tests have shown that the bimetallic complex Ru6 was effective on all cancer cells. The effect of bimetallic enhancement on cancer cell lines, the systematic variation of the intermetallic distance and the ligand donor properties of the mono and bimetallic complexes were explored based on the cytotoxic activity. The interaction with FS-DNA and the stability/aquation of the complexes (Ru3 and Ru6) were investigated with 1H NMR spectroscopy. The binding modes between the complexes (Ru3 and Ru6) and DNA were investigated via UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Evaluation of stylohyoid complex in subjects with different types of malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study in a Turkish subpopulation.

PURPOSE: According to the functional matrix theory, the development of maxillomandibular complex may be affected by the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the length and angulation of the styloid process in different types of malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Angulations and length of the styloid process were evaluated in CBCT images of 97 individuals retrospectively. The patients were classified as class I, II, and III groups according to sagittal skeletal classes. The mean length, anterior angulation, and medial angulation of the styloid process were analyzed. Statistical significance was evaluated at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean styloid process length in group class III was found to be significantly longer than class I (p: 0.035). Anterior angle was significantly higher in class III group than in other groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in medial angle between the groups (p: 0.506). CONCLUSION: According to present findings, class III malocclusion is associated with the stylohyoid complex morphology due to longer styloid process lengths and higher anterior angle values.

The role of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of patients with medullary thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an aggressive form of thyroid malignancy with local metastasis in 30%-50% of the cases and distant metastasis predominantly to lung, liver and skeleton in 13%-15% of patients. Identification of the lesion using imaging modalities is of crucial importance for disease management in the recurrent or metastatic MTC. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and gallium-68 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid tyrosine-3-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) PET/CT imaging in patients with MTC and to evaluate the relationship between imaging findings and serum tumor markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of MTC patients, who were treated and followed-up in our department between the years 2005 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy-three patients with MTC, who underwent either 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (n=61) and/or 18F-FDG PET/CT (n=59) together with serum calcitonin (Ctn) and/or carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) measurement within 6 months period were included in the study. Gallium-68-DOTATATE PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans performed within 6 months on the same patient (n=38) were analyzed separately for comparison of the efficacy of both modalities. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT were 72.4% and 88.1%, respectively in detecting recurrent or metastatic disease. In the group of patients, who had both 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT within 6 months interval (median: 1.14 months; range: 0.03 - 5.7 months), no significant difference was found in the overall sensitivity of both imaging modalities, however 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was found to be more sensitive in detection of bone lesions compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: Both 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT are efficient imaging modalities in detection of recurrent or metastatic disease in MTC patients. Gallium-68-DOTATATE PET/CT could be more beneficial in detection of bone metastases with respect to 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Structural analysis and biological functionalities of iron(III)- and manganese(III)-thiosemicarbazone complexes: in vitro anti-proliferative activity on human cancer cells, DNA binding and cleavage studies.

One iron(III) and two manganese(III) complexes based on thiosemicarbazone were synthesized and characterized using analytical and spectroscopic data. The crystallographic analysis showed the square pyramid structures of the complexes. Electronic spectra analysis was performed to determine the nature of the interaction between the complexes and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). DNA cleavage activities of the complexes were examined by gel electrophoresis (pBR322 DNA). The cytotoxicity of the complexes was determined against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines by MTT assay. The results indicated that complex Fe1 is bound to CT-DNA via the intercalation mode, while complexes Mn1 and Mn2 are bound to CT-DNA via groove binding and/or electrostatic interactions rather than the intercalation mode. In addition, they showed good binding activity, which followed the order of Fe1 > Mn2 > Mn1. Complexes were found to promote the cleavage of DNA from supercoiled form (SC, Form I) to nicked circular form (NC, Form II) without concurrent formation of Form III, revealing the single-strand DNA cleavage. No significant cleavage was found in the presence of Mn1 and Mn2; however, it was observed at 2000 and 3000 µM concentrations of Fe1. The ability of Fe1 to cleave DNA was greater than that of other complexes and these results are in conformity with their DNA-binding affinities. Cytotoxicity determination tests revealed that the complex Fe1 on HeLa and HT-29 cells exhibited a higher anti-proliferative effect than Mn1 and Mn2 (Fe1 > Mn2 > Mn1). These studies suggested that the complex Fe1 could be a good candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug targeting DNA.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro effect of the Cu(II) complex with niflumic acid and 3-picoline on paraoxanase-I.

Niflumic acid is used to treat inflammatory rheumatoid diseases, pain, and fever. The present study reports the experimental, spectroscopic, thermal, structural analyses, and biological activities of this complex. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid, 3-picoline, and copper(II) chloride were utilized to synthesize a new complex: [Cu2 Cl 2 (nif) 2 (3-pic) 4 ]. The crystal structure of [Cu 2 Cl 2 (nif) 2 (3-pic) 4 ] was determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 and each Cu(II) center displayed six-coordinated distorted octahedral geometry. Two Cu(II) centers are connected by a chloro-bridge to form the binuclear metal core. Finally, the in vitro effects of the synthesized new complex and free niflumic acid were evaluated on the human serum paraoxonase 1 enzyme. At low doses, both the new complex and free niflumic acid showed very good inhibition activity with different inhibition mechanisms. In addition, the results showed that the new complex has more inhibition activity than free niflumic acid.

Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Bone Surgery Combined With Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Pedicled Buccal Fat Pad Flap in Denosumab-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Denosumab is an antiresorptive agent that is found as a humanized antibody, which inhibits the most critical pro-osteoclastogenic factor secreted by the cancer cells and shown to be required for osteoclast formation, function, and development. A severe side effect of denosumab is the osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ). There are only a few studies on DRONJ treatment in the literature. The aim of this case report is to present the successful conservative management of DRONJ observed after tooth extraction at the posterior maxilla following the discontinuation of medication. To our knowledge, this is the first DRONJ case treated with using the ultrasonic piezoelectric bone surgery combined with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and pedicled buccal fat pad flap (PBFP). Use of ultrasonic bone surgery in combination with L-PRF and PBFP is an alternative treatment method that can be effective in exposed bone coverage and soft tissue healing at the posterior maxillary region in DRONJ patients.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Styloid Process in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders and Asymptomatic Individuals.

OBJECTIVES: Elongated styloid processes (ESP) may show clinical symptoms that are readily confused with symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The purpose of study was to compare the prevalance and characteristics of ESP in patients with TMD and asymptomatic individuals are examined by cone beam computed tomography. METHODS: Angulations and length of the styloid process (SP) were evaluated in CBCT images of 100 patients with TMD symptoms and 100 control patients, retrospectively. Differences between the patient and control groups were assessed by analysis independent sample t test. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate between length and angulation of SP relationship. RESULTS: The mean length of SP in the TMD group was 38.19 ±â€Š8.6 mm for the right and 38.99 ±â€Š8.1 mm for the right side. The mean length of SP in the control group was 36.80 ±â€Š6.3 for the right side and 36.18 ±â€Š6.5 mm for the left side. The mean anterior angulation of the SP in the TMD group was 22.08 ±â€Š5.5 degree in the TMD group and 23.97 ±â€Š4.1 degree in the control group. The mean medial angulation of the SP in the TMD group was 30.57 ±â€Š4.9 degree and 29.89 ±â€Š4.4 degree in the control group. There was no significant difference in length and angle between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found in terms of length and angulations of SP between TMD and control groups.