Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty: Safety and Outcomes: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

PURPOSE: To review the published literature on the safety and outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for the surgical treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction. METHODS: Literature searches were last conducted in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases most recently in May 2017. The searches, which were limited to English-language abstracts, yielded 1085 articles. The panel reviewed the abstracts, and 47 were determined to be relevant to this assessment. RESULTS: After DMEK surgery, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 20/21 to 20/31, with follow-up ranging from 5.7 to 68 months. At 6 months, 37.6% to 85% of eyes achieved BCVA of 20/25 or better and 17% to 67% achieved BCVA of 20/20 or better. Mean endothelial cell (EC) loss was 33% (range, 25%-47%) at 6 months. Overall change in spherical equivalent was +0.43 diopters (D; range, -1.17 to +1.2 D), with minimal induced astigmatism of +0.03 D (range, -0.03 to +1.11 D). The most common complication was partial graft detachment requiring air injection (mean, 28.8%; range, 0.2%-76%). Intraocular pressure elevation was the second most common complication (range, 0%-22%) after DMEK, followed by primary graft failure (mean, 1.7%; range, 0%-12.5%), secondary graft failure (mean, 2.2%; range, 0%-6.3%), and immune rejection (mean, 1.9%; range, 0%-5.9%). Overall graft survival rates after DMEK ranged from 92% to 100% at last follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity after Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) ranged from 20/34 to 20/66 at 9 months. The most common complications after DSEK were graft detachment (mean, 14%; range, 0%-82%), endothelial rejection (mean, 10%; range, 0%-45%), and primary graft failure (mean, 5%; range, 0%-29%). Mean EC loss after DSEK was 37% at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence reviewed supports DMEK as a safe and effective treatment for endothelial failure. With respect to visual recovery time, visual outcomes, and rejection rates, DMEK seems to be superior to DSEK and to induce less refractive error with similar surgical risks and EC loss compared with DSEK. The rate of air injection and repeat keratoplasty were similar in DMEK and DSEK after the learning curve for DMEK.

Boston Keratoprosthesis: Outcomes and Complications: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on safety and outcomes of the Boston type I keratoprosthesis (BI-KPro) for the surgical treatment of corneal opacification not amenable to human cadaveric corneal transplantation. METHODS: Searches of peer-reviewed literature were conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Library in December 2012, July 2013, and January 2014 without date restrictions. The searches were limited to studies published in English and yielded 587 citations. The abstracts of these articles were reviewed, 48 articles were selected for possible clinical relevance, and 22 were determined to be relevant for the assessment objectives. Nine studies were rated as level II evidence and 13 studies were rated as level III evidence. Excluded were level III evidence, case reports, review articles, letters, editorials, and case series with fewer than 25 eyes. RESULTS: In 9 articles, a best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCSVA) of 20/200 or better occurred in 45% to 89% of eyes. Five articles described a BCSVA of 20/50 or better in 43% to 69% of eyes, and 4 articles found a BCSVA of 20/40 or better in 11% to 39% of eyes. Retention rates of the BI-KPro ranged from 65% to 100%. Reasons for loss of vision after BI-KPro implantation most commonly included corneal melts resulting from exposure keratopathy, endophthalmitis, and infectious keratitis or corneal ulceration. The 2 most common complications after surgery were retroprosthetic membrane formation (range, 1.0%-65.0%; mean ± standard deviation [SD], 30.0±19.0%) and elevated intraocular pressure (range, 2.4%-64.0%; mean ± SD, 27.5±18.1%). The 2 most common posterior segment complications were endophthalmitis (range, 0%-12.5%; mean ± SD, 4.6±4.6%) and vitritis (range, 0%-14.5%; mean ± SD, 5.6±4.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed articles on BI-KPro use suggest that the device improves vision in cases of severe corneal opacification that were not amenable to corneal transplantation using human cadaveric keratoplasty techniques. A number of severe anterior and posterior segment complications can develop as follow-up continues, making ongoing close observation paramount for patients undergoing this surgery. These complications include infection, device extrusion, and permanent vision loss.

Safety and Efficacy of Lacrimal Drainage System Plugs for Dry Eye Syndrome: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature assessing the efficacy and safety of lacrimal drainage system plug insertion for dry eye in adults. METHODS: Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were last conducted on March 9, 2015, without date restrictions and were limited to English language abstracts. The searches retrieved 309 unique citations. The primary authors reviewed the titles and abstracts. Inclusion criteria specified reports that provided original data on plugs for the treatment of dry eyes in at least 25 patients. Fifty-three studies of potential relevance were assigned to full-text review. The 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria underwent data abstraction by the panels. Abstracted data included study characteristics, patient characteristics, plug type, insertion technique, treatment response, and safety information. All studies were observational and rated by a methodologist as level II or III evidence. RESULTS: The plugs included punctal, intracanalicular, and dissolving types. Fifteen studies reported metrics of improvement in dry eye symptoms, ocular-surface status, artificial tear use, contact lens comfort, and tear break-up time. Twenty-five studies included safety data. Plug placement resulted in ≥50% improvement of symptoms, improvement in ocular-surface health, reduction in artificial tear use, and improved contact lens comfort in patients with dry eye. Serious complications from plugs were infrequent. Plug loss was the most commonly reported problem with punctal plugs, occurring on average in 40% of patients. Overall, among all plug types, approximately 9% of patients experienced epiphora and 10% required removal because of irritation from the plugs. Canaliculitis was the most commonly reported problem for intracanalicular plugs and occurred in approximately 8% of patients. Other complications were reported in less than 4% of patients on average and included tearing, discomfort, pyogenic granuloma, and dacryocystitis. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of level II and III evidence in these studies, plugs improve the signs and symptoms of moderate dry eye that are not improved with topical lubrication, and they are well tolerated. There are no level I studies that describe the efficacy or safety of lacrimal drainage system plugs.

Options and adjuvants in surgery for pterygium: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes and safety of current surgical options and adjuvants in the treatment of primary and recurrent pterygium. METHODS: Literature searches of the PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were last conducted in January 2011 using keywords and were restricted to randomized controlled trials reporting on surgical intervention for pterygium. The searches were limited to articles published in English and yielded 120 citations. Citation abstracts, and if necessary the full text, were reviewed to identify randomized controlled trials that reported recurrence as an outcome measure and had a mean follow-up of at least 6 months. Fifty-one studies comparing bare sclera excision, conjunctival or limbal autograft, intraoperative mitomycin C, postoperative mitomycin C, and amniotic membrane transplantation for primary and recurrent pterygia fit these inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Four studies demonstrated that the conjunctival or limbal autograft procedure is more efficacious than amniotic membrane placement. Use of conjunctival or limbal autografts or mitomycin C during or after pterygium excision reduced recurrence compared with bare sclera excision alone in most studies of primary or recurrent pterygium. The outcomes of conjunctival or limbal autograft were similar to outcomes for intraoperative mitomycin C in the few studies that directly compared the 2 techniques. There is evidence that increased concentration and duration of exposure to intraoperative mitomycin C is associated with increased efficacy. Of the adjuvants studied, only mitomycin C was associated with vision-threatening complications, including scleral thinning, ulceration, and delayed conjunctival epithelialization; there is some evidence of increasing complications with increased concentration and duration of exposure. There is conflicting evidence as to whether increasing age is protective against recurrence, but the morphologic features of the pterygium were shown to affect the recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that bare sclera excision of pterygium results in a significantly higher recurrence rate than excision accompanied by use of certain adjuvants. Conjunctival or limbal autograft was superior to amniotic membrane graft surgery in reducing the rate of pterygium recurrence. Among other adjuvants, there is evidence that mitomycin C and conjunctival or limbal autografts reduce the recurrence rate after surgical excision of a pterygium. Furthermore, the data indicate that using a combination of conjunctival or limbal autograft with mitomycin C further reduces the recurrence rate after pterygium excision compared with conjunctival or limbal autograft or mitomycin C alone. Additional studies are necessary to determine the long-term effects, optimal route of administration, and dose and duration of treatment for mitomycin C. Factors such as availability of resources, primary or recurrent status of pterygium, age of patient, and surgeon or patient preference may influence the surgeon's choice of adjuvant because there are insufficient data to recommend a specific adjuvant as superior. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty a report by the american academy of ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) to compare DALK with penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for the outcomes of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refractive error, immune graft rejection, and graft survival. METHODS: Searches of the peer-reviewed literature were conducted in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases. The searches were limited to citations starting in 1997, and the most recent search was in May 2009. The searches yielded 1024 citations in English-language journals. The abstracts of these articles were reviewed, and 162 articles were selected for possible clinical relevance, of which 55 were determined to be relevant to the assessment objective. RESULTS: Eleven DALK/PK comparative studies (level II and level III evidence) were identified that compared the results of DALK and PK procedures directly; they included 481 DALK eyes and 501 PK eyes. Of those studies reporting vision and refractive data, there was no significant difference in BSCVA between the 2 groups in 9 of the studies. There was no significant difference in spheroequivalent refraction in 6 of the studies, nor was there a significant difference in postoperative astigmatism in 9 of the studies, although the range of astigmatism was often large for both groups. Endothelial cell density (ECD) stabilized within 6 months after surgery in DALK eyes. Endothelial cell density values were higher in the DALK groups in all studies at study completion, and, in general, the ECD differences between DALK and PK groups were significant at all time points at 6 months or longer after surgery for all of the studies reporting data. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of level II evidence in 1 study and level III evidence in 10 studies, DALK is equivalent to PK for the outcome measure of BSCVA, particularly if the surgical technique yields minimal residual host stromal thickness. There is no advantage to DALK for refractive error outcomes. Although improved graft survival in DALK has yet to be demonstrated, postoperative data indicate that DALK is superior to PK for preservation of ECD. Endothelial immune graft rejection cannot occur after DALK, which may simplify long-term management of DALK eyes compared with PK eyes. As an extraocular procedure, DALK has important theoretic safety advantages, and it is a good option for visual rehabilitation of corneal disease in patients whose endothelium is not compromised.

The corneal endothelium: clinical review of endothelial cell health and function.

The endothelial cell is a critical structure within the cornea and is responsible for maintaining corneal clarity through its pump function. Endothelial cells are lost over time naturally but can be injured medically, surgically, or as a part of various dystrophies. Monitoring of endothelial cells can be performed clinically or more formally with specular microscopy. In cases of significant compromise, endothelial cells can be transplanted by various endothelial keratoplasty techniques. The future pipeline is bright for possible endothelial cell regeneration and rehabilitation. This article reviews these topics in depth to provide a comprehensive look at the structure and function of the endothelial cell, etiologies of endothelial cell damage, detailed review of iatrogenic causes of endothelial cell loss, and management strategies.

Bilateral Acanthamoeba keratitis in Synergeyes contact lens wear: clinical and confocal microscopy findings.

OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of bilateral Acanthamoeba keratitis in association with Synergeyes hybrid contact lens wear. METHODS: Retrospective case series of six eyes of three patients that developed Acanthamoeba keratitis with Synergeyes hybrid contact lens wear. RESULTS: Acanthamoeba keratitis was diagnosed in six eyes with a previous misdiagnosis of Herpes simplex keratitis in two patients and a misdiagnosis of corneal graft rejection in the third patient. Misdiagnosis in all three patients led to inappropriate topical corticosteroid use. All cases were diagnosed with Acanthamoeba castellanii by culture on nonnutrient agar, corneal scraping, and/or confocal microscopy. The infection ultimately cleared in all eyes with topical therapy using chlorhexidine, propamidine, and antibiotic ointment with neomycin. Cornea transplantation was required in two of six eyes for dense central corneal scarring. CONCLUSIONS: Acanthamoeba keratitis can occur in association with SynergEyes contact lens wear. Eye care professionals must take care to avoid potential misdiagnosis of Herpes simplex keratitis, avoid topical corticosteroids in contact lens wearers with an unknown keratitis, and pay special attention to the fellow eye for potential bilateral infection when Acanthamoeba has been diagnosed in one eye.

Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty: safety and outcomes: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature on safety and outcomes of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) for the surgical treatment of endothelial diseases of the cornea. DESIGN: Peer-reviewed literature searches were conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Library with the most recent search in February 2009. The searches yielded 2118 citations in English-language journals. The abstracts of these articles were reviewed and 131 articles were selected for possible clinical relevance, of which 34 were determined to be relevant to the assessment objectives. RESULTS: The most common complications from DSEK among reviewed reports included posterior graft dislocations (mean, 14%; range, 0%-82%), followed by endothelial graft rejection (mean, 10%; range, 0%-45%), primary graft failure (mean, 5%; range, 0%-29%), and iatrogenic glaucoma (mean, 3%; range, 0%-15%). Average endothelial cell loss as measured by specular microscopy ranged from 25% to 54%, with an average cell loss of 37% at 6 months, and from 24% to 61%, with an average cell loss of 42% at 12 months. The average best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (mean, 9 months; range, 3-21 months) ranged from 20/34 to 20/66. A review of postoperative refractive results found induced hyperopia ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 diopters (D; mean, 1.1 D), with minimal induced astigmatism ranging from -0.4 to 0.6 D and a mean refractive shift of 0.11 D. A review of graft survival found that clear grafts at 1 year ranged from 55% to 100% (mean, 94%). CONCLUSIONS: The evidence reviewed is supportive of DSEK being a safe and effective treatment for endothelial diseases of the cornea. In terms of surgical risks, complication rates, graft survival (clarity), visual acuity, and endothelial cell loss, DSEK appears similar to penetrating keratoplasty (PK). It seems to be superior to PK in terms of earlier visual recovery, refractive stability, postoperative refractive outcomes, wound and suture-related complications, and intraoperative and late suprachoroidal hemorrhage risk. The most common complications of DSEK do not appear to be detrimental to the ultimate vision recovery in most cases. Long-term endothelial cell survival and the risk of late endothelial rejection are beyond the scope of this assessment. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Increasing Povidone-Iodine Exposure in Endothelial Keratoplasty Tissue Processing and Fungal Infection Impact.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect on donor rim cultures and postoperative infections of doubling the povidone-iodine exposure time during corneal tissue recovery before its use in keratoplasty. METHODS: Consecutive donor cornea recoveries were evaluated for positive donor corneal rim cultures and postoperative infections before and after a protocol change of doubling the exposure time of povidone-iodine during donor preparation. RESULTS: In 631 consecutive cornea donor recoveries, 18 (2.9%) had positive fungal rim cultures and 41 (6.5%) had positive bacterial rim cultures. Three (0.48%) developed postoperative fungal infections, and no bacterial infections occurred. After doubling the povidone-iodine exposure time during the recovery process, 725 consecutive corneas were reviewed. Four (0.6%) had positive fungal rim cultures, and 29 (4.0%) had positive bacterial rim cultures. No postoperative fungal or bacterial infections occurred. No noticeable increase in epithelial toxicity developed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the povidone-iodine exposure time during the donor cornea recovery process decreased the rate of positive donor corneal rim fungal cultures (P = 0.001), positive donor corneal rim bacterial cultures (P = 0.04), and postoperative fungal infections (P = 0.06).

Donor, Recipient, and Operative Factors Associated With Increased Endothelial Cell Loss in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Importance: Determining factors associated with endothelial cell loss after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) could improve long-term graft survival. Objective: To evaluate the associations of donor, recipient, and operative factors with endothelial cell density (ECD) 3 years after DSAEK in the Cornea Preservation Time Study. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was a secondary analysis of data collected in a multicenter, double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Forty US clinical sites with 70 surgeons participated, with donor corneas provided by 23 US eye banks. Individuals undergoing DSAEK for Fuchs dystrophy or pseudophakic/aphakic corneal edema were included. Interventions: The DSAEK procedure, with random assignment of a donor cornea with a preservation time of 0 to 7 days or 8 to 14 days. Main Outcomes and Measures: Endothelial cell density at 3 years as determined by a reading center from eye bank and clinical specular or confocal central endothelial images. Results: The study included 1090 participants (median age, 70 years) with 1330 affected eyes (240 bilateral cases [22.0%]), who underwent DSAEK for Fuchs dystrophy (1255 eyes [94.4%]) or pseudophakic/aphakic corneal edema (PACE) (75 eyes [5.6%]). Of these, 801 eyes (60.2%) belonged to women and 1207 (90.8%) to white individuals. A total of 749 participants (913 eyes; 164 [21.9%] bilateral cases) had functioning grafts with acceptable endothelial images preoperatively and at 3 years postoperatively and were included in this analysis. Factors associated with a lower ECD at 3 years (estimated effect with 99% CI) in the final multivariable model included donors with diabetes (-103 [-196 to -9] cells/mm2), lower screening ECD (-234 [-331 to -137] per 500 cells/mm2), recipient diagnosis of PACE (-257 [-483 to -31] in cells/mm2), and operative complications (-324 [-516 to -133] in cells/mm2). Endothelial cell loss (ECL) from a preoperative measurement to a 3-year postoperative measurement was 47% (99% CI, 42%-52%) for participants receiving tissue from donors with diabetes vs 43% (99% CI, 39%-48%) without diabetes; it was 53% (99% CI, 44%-62%) for participants diagnosed with PACE vs 44% (99% CI, 39%-49%) for those diagnosed with Fuchs dystrophy, and 55% (99% CI, 48%-63%) in participants who experienced operative complications vs 44% (99% CI, 39%-48%) in those who did not. No other donor, recipient, or operative factors were significantly associated with 3-year ECD. Conclusions and Relevance: Donor diabetes, lower screening ECD, a PACE diagnosis in the recipient, and operative complications were associated with lower ECD at 3 years after DSAEK surgery and may be associated with long-term graft success. While causation cannot be inferred, further studies on the association of donor diabetes and PACE in recipients with lower 3-year ECD warrant further study.

Deposits of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein in granular corneal dystrophy type II after LASIK.

PURPOSE: To analyze components of the deposits in the corneal flap interface of granular corneal dystrophy type II (GCD II) patients after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Four corneal GCD II specimens displaying disease exacerbation after LASIK were analyzed. Three of these specimens included the recipient corneal button after penetrating keratoplasty or deep lamellar keratoplasty for advanced GCD II after LASIK. The fourth specimen, a similar case of GCD II after LASIK, included the amputated corneal flap. Specimens were processed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Corneal stromal deposits in the LASIK flaps of all specimens were stained with 3 anti-transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp) antibodies. The deposits displayed bright red color staining with Masson trichrome; however, negative staining was seen with Congo red, suggesting that hyaline is the main component localizing to the TGFBIp deposits rather than amyloid. CONCLUSIONS: Amorphous granular material deposited along the interface of the LASIK flap in GCD II corneas is composed mainly of hyaline deposits.

Metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma presenting in the iris.

PURPOSE: To report a case of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma presenting as an acute primary iris tumor of unknown origin. DESIGN: Interventional, clinicopathologic case report. METHODS: A 47-year-old healthy man sought treatment for a three-week history of a progressively enlarging red spot on the left iris. Presentation, local and systemic evaluation, and treatment are described. RESULTS: Iris biopsy revealed the lesion represented metastasis, and a systemic evaluation later revealed the primary source as esophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient began systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic iris lesions can have atypical presentations. Tissue biopsy, tumor antigens, and a thorough systemic evaluation are crucial in identification of primary tumors in cases of unknown metastatic origin.

Excimer laser exacerbation of Avellino corneal dystrophy.

We review the clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings and DNA phenotyping of a patient with Avellino corneal dystrophy exacerbated by laser in situ keratomileusis. The findings are reported and interpreted in the context of a literature review. The case highlights the possible difficulty of recognizing subtle dystrophic findings, as well as the importance of avoiding refractive surgical intervention in patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy to avoid exacerbation of dystrophic deposits in the cornea and subsequent reduction in vision.

Ciliary body metastasis from renal cell carcinoma successfully treated with intravitreal bevacizumab.

PURPOSE: To report an innovative new treatment option for ciliary body tumor metastasis from renal cell carcinoma treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. OBSERVATIONS: A 70-year-old Caucasian man presented with a ciliary body tumor as a result from metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. It was preferable to treat the ciliary body tumor in the least invasive manner possible based on the patient's health, systemic metastasis, and the invasiveness of local resection. The tumor was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab for attempted tumor regression. Complete tumor resolution occurred following three injections. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: There is no consensus on treatment for ciliary body metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Based on the successful result of our patient, intravitreal bevacizumab could be an acceptable treatment option for this type of intraocular tumor. It affords a relatively non-invasive method of tumor regression without undergoing major intraocular surgery.

Superficial hypertrophic dendriform epitheliopathy: a follow-up series.

PURPOSE: To report the interval courses of previously reported cases of superficial hypertrophic dendriform epitheliopathy (SHDE) and to describe 3 new cases of this uncommon entity following penetrating keratoplasty. METHOD: Retrospective chart review. RESULTS: We report follow-up on 3 previously described cases of SHDE, including discussion of cases and their clinical course. All 3 patients had persistent surface abnormalities complicating graft success resulting in poor visual outcomes. Three new cases of SHDE are discussed with a summary of the ocular findings and treatment. All patients underwent multiple penetrating keratoplasties for recurrent graft failures resulting from chronic postkeratoplasty surface keratopathy. CONCLUSIONS: SHDE is a rare complication of penetrating keratoplasty that can lead to delayed healing, chronic derangement of the corneal surface, corneal scarring, and an increased risk of graft rejection. Understanding and recognizing this entity is crucial for maximizing graft outcomes. Further investigation of the pathogenesis is necessary for complete understanding and management of the disorder.

Surgical monovision and monovision reversal in LASIK.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the success of surgical monovision in presbyopic patients. METHODS: A university refractive surgery center retrospective chart review of 82 patients who elected to undergo surgical monovision with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) between January 2000 and January 2003 was conducted. Specific factors included for analysis included preoperative and postoperative defocus spherical equivalent, whether the patient underwent enhancements, whether the patient underwent a preoperative monovision trial with contact lens, and whether the patient underwent monovision reversal. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients who underwent LASIK for monovision were analyzed. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent in the distance-corrected eye was -4.07 (standard deviation (SD), 2.49); for the eye corrected for near vision, mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -4.10 (SD, 2.56). Postoperative spherical equivalent in the distance eyes was -0.01 (SD, 0.38) and in the near eyes -1.24 (SD, 0.91). There were 6 enhancements in the near eyes (7%) and 17 enhancements in the distance vision eyes (21%). This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.007). Thirty patients underwent a contact lens trial of monovision before LASIK, and none of those patients elected monovision reversal. There were 52 patients who did not undergo a contact lens monovision trial before LASIK monovision, and 2 of these patients underwent monovision reversal. Monovision success in this population was 97.6%. CONCLUSION: Surgical monovision can help presbyopic patients achieve their goal of reduced dependence on spectacles. A trial of monovision contact lenses or spectacles may be important in helping surgeons select patients for successful surgical monovision.

Corneal perforation during laser blepharoplasty.

A 61-year-old woman presented with photophobia, pain, epiphora, and decreased vision as a result of two iatrogenic corneal perforations sustained during carbon dioxide laser blepharoplasty. The management and course of the case are outlined. Laser blepharoplasty complications are reviewed. This case highlights the potential occurrence of corneal penetration with laser blepharoplasty. Meticulous awareness of the laser effects on periocular tissue must be kept in mind at all times during laser blepharoplasty to avoid unnecessary intraocular side effects and undesirable postoperative outcomes.