Quality of Life of Intermittent Urinary Catheterization Users and Their Caregivers: A Scoping Review.

AIMS: This study aimed to examine and map the scientific evidences regarding quality of life in neurogenic bladder patients and consequently their caregivers by means of a scoping review. DESIGN: This is a scoping review proposal of the Joanna Briggs Institute. METHODS: It was conducted to examine and map the scientific evidences about quality of life (QoL) in neurogenic bladder patients and their caregivers, to identify the meanings attributed to QoL and its relation with intermittent urinary catheterization. The following guiding question was: "What scientific evidence has been produced on the QoL of neurogenic bladder patients using intermittent urinary catheterization and their caregivers?" A total of 2945 research studies were identified using The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, Academic Search Premier (via EBSCO platform), PubMed, SCOPUS, the platforms Web of Science, the b-on and Gray Literature. The keywords established were patient, intermittent urinary catheterization, neurogenic urinary bladder, quality of life and caregiver. RESULTS: From 2,945 studies, 13 studies were selected. Most of the selected studies that analyzed variables related to the patients' QoL were regarding the urinary catheterization technique, assessment of urinary incontinence, individual perceptions of the procedure and experiences with urinary catheter in childhood and adult life. The meanings attributed to QoL, when compared to adult and child individuals with normal bladder functioning, presented lower QoL scores. Concerning caregivers, the QoL of caregivers of children using intermittent urinary catheterization demonstrated low scores. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The QoL of patient's who use intermittent urinary catheterization can be determined by improvement of urinary symptoms and self-confidence. Research related to QoL of patients who use urinary catheter indicates the importance of adequate professional support and appropriate health public policies.

Portuguese Dentists' Attitudes Towards Their Role in Addressing Obesity.

PURPOSE: To determine Portuguese dentists' role in addressing obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this pilot study, the original version of the Dentists' Role In Addressing Obesity questionnaire was translated from English into Portuguese and validated to ensure that it was culturally adapted for Portuguese dentists. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 400 Portuguese dentists. SPSS Statistics 20 was used to analyse the survey sampling design and assess respondents' attitudes and opinions, outcome expectations and self-efficacy both as ordinal and dichotomised variables. The analysis was a descriptive statistic based on frequencies, without symmetry test. RESULTS: In all, 141 dentists responded. Overall, 22.0% of respondents offered a form of counseling services and 58.9% reported that they were interested in offering obesity-related services. A paucity of trained personnel (58.9%) was cited by the respondents as a major barrier, followed by patients' rejection of weight-loss advice (32.6%) and fears of offending patients (29.1%). 92% of respondents agreed that dentists would be more willing to intervene if obesity were linked to oral disease. CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers must coordinate prevention and interventional efforts for maximum effect. Given the positioning of dentists willing to assist in such an effort, it appears reasonable for experts in obesity intervention in conjunction with dental educators to develop intervention models to be implemented within the scope of the dental practice.

[Effectiveness of heparin versus 0.9% saline solution in maintaining the permeability of central venous catheters: a systematic review]. / Eficácia da heparina e soro fisiológico para manter a permeabilidade dos cateteres venosos centrais: revisão sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: Determining which is the most effective solution (heparin flush compared to 0.9% saline flush) for reducing the risk of occlusions in central venous catheters (CVC) in adults. METHOD: The systematic review followed the principles proposed by the Cochrane Handbook; critical analysis, extraction and synthesis of data were performed by two independent researchers; statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan program 5.2.8. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials and one cohort study were included and the results of the meta-analysis showed no difference (RR=0.68, 95% CI=0.41-1.10; p=0.12). Analysis by subgroups showed that there was no difference in fully deployed CVC (RR=1.09, CI 95%=0.53-2.22; p=0.82); Multi-Lumen CVC showed beneficial effects in the heparin group (RR=0.53, CI 95%=0.29-0.95; p=0.03); in Double-Lumen CVC for hemodialysis (RR=1.18, CI 95%=0.08-17.82; p=0.90) and Peripherally inserted CVC (RR=0.14, CI 95%=0.01-2.60; p=0.19) also showed no difference. CONCLUSION: Saline solution is sufficient for maintaining patency of the central venous catheter, preventing the risks associated with heparin administration.

Development of the e-Baby serious game with regard to the evaluation of oxygenation in preterm babies: contributions of the emotional design.

The present study aimed to describe the development process of a serious game that enables users to evaluate the respiratory process in a preterm infant based on an emotional design model. The e-Baby serious game was built to feature the simulated environment of an incubator, in which the user performs a clinical evaluation of the respiratory process in a virtual preterm infant. The user learns about the preterm baby's history, chooses the tools for the clinical evaluation, evaluates the baby, and determines whether his/her evaluation is appropriate. The e-Baby game presents phases that contain respiratory process impairments of higher or lower complexity in the virtual preterm baby. Included links give the user the option of recording the entire evaluation procedure and sharing his/her performance on a social network. e-Baby integrates a Clinical Evaluation of the Preterm Baby course in the Moodle virtual environment. This game, which evaluates the respiratory process in preterm infants, could support a more flexible, attractive, and interactive teaching and learning process that includes simulations with features very similar to neonatal unit realities, thus allowing more appropriate training for clinical oxygenation evaluations in at-risk preterm infants. e-Baby allows advanced user-technology-educational interactions because it requires active participation in the process and is emotionally integrated.

The Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Educational Program on Undergraduate Nursing Students' EBP Knowledge and Skills: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) prevents unsafe/inefficient practices and improves healthcare quality, but its implementation is challenging due to research and practice gaps. A focused educational program can assist future nurses to minimize these gaps. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an EBP educational program on undergraduate nursing students' EBP knowledge and skills. A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Six optional courses in the Bachelor of Nursing final year were randomly assigned to the experimental (EBP educational program) or control group. Nursing students' EBP knowledge and skills were measured at baseline and post-intervention. A qualitative analysis of 18 students' final written work was also performed. Results show a statistically significant interaction between the intervention and time on EBP knowledge and skills (p = 0.002). From pre- to post-intervention, students' knowledge and skills on EBP improved in both groups (intervention group: p < 0.001; control group: p < 0.001). At the post-intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in EBP knowledge and skills between intervention and control groups (p = 0.011). Students in the intervention group presented monographs with clearer review questions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and methodology compared to students in the control group. The EBP educational program showed a potential to promote the EBP knowledge and skills of future nurses.

RISK AND PREVENTIVE FACTORS FOR TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION USING THE EDUTHERAPEUTIC METHOD.

OBJECTIVE: To describe children's perception of risk and preventive factors related to traffic accidents using the Edutherapeutic Method. METHODS: This is a qualitative descriptive study carried out with 173 students from public schools aged seven to 14 years in Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil. Data were collected in the second half of 2014. The first stage consisted of an activity with drawing/writing sheets in all classes selected by the Nursing undergraduate students. Next, the children answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data. The qualitative analysis of the expressive language of the children's drawings generated two categories: positive and negative factors for the prevention of traffic accidents and their subcategories. RESULTS: The children's perception regarding preventive and risk factors for traffic accidents was considered adequate according to other studies found in the literature on the same subject. The drawings and descriptions were used later to provide the students with a better understanding of these factors. CONCLUSIONS: The study lends support to educational activities and interventions about prevention with schoolchildren. This is one of the main goals proposed by Brazil in the National Plan of Action for Road Traffic Safety for the decade 2011-2020.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PROMOTION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES FOR CHILDREN IN RELATION TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. METHODS: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. RESULTS: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.

Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação: Programa de iniciação à investigação para estudantes de licenciatura / Research Initiation Rotations: Research initiation Program for undergraduate students / Rotaciones de iniciación a la investigación: Programa de iniciación a la investigación para estudiantes de grado

Resumo Enquadramento: As Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação (RII) enquadram-se no Eixo Estratégico de Desenvolvimento para a Formação de Investigadores da Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, no contexto das oportunidades da Janela do Jovem Investigador. Os estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem (CLE) voluntariamente disponibilizam-se para desenvolver atividades de ligação do ensino à investigação integrando equipas de investigação. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados das cinco edições do Programa RII, envolvendo os estudantes do CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principais tópicos em análise: Trinta e dois projetos de investigação acolheram 202 RII, das quais 133 foram concluídas com êxito. Para além das competências adquiridas em contexto de integração nas equipas dos projetos de investigação, os estudantes frequentaram nove atividades de formação promovidas para eles. Conclusão: As RII concluídas com sucesso são registadas no suplemento ao diploma. Apesar da limitada disponibilidade de tempo dos estudantes devido à exigência do plano curricular, estes têm avaliado esta experiência como muito positiva. A integração deste programa no plano curricular é um passo a promover no futuro.

Abstract Background: Research Initiation Rotations (RIRs) fall under the Development Strategic Axis for Researchers' Training of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing as part of the Young Researcher Window opportunities. Undergraduate nursing students volunteer to integrate research teams that develop activities linking teaching and research. Objective: To analyze the results of the five editions of the RIR Program involving undergraduate nursing students (2014/2015 to 2018/2019). Main topics under analysis: Thirty-two research projects involved 202 RIRs, 133 of which were successfully completed. In addition to the skills acquired as part of the research project teams, students attended nine training activities that were specifically designed for them. Conclusion: Successfully completed RIRs are included in the diploma supplement. Despite the limited time available due to curriculum demands, students have rated this experience as very positive. The integration of this program into the curriculum is a step to be taken in the future.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las Rotaciones de Iniciación a la Investigación (RII) forman parte del Eje Estratégico de Desarrollo para la Formación de Investigadores de la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería, en el contexto de las oportunidades de la Ventana del Joven Investigador. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería (CLE, en portugués) se ponen voluntariamente a disposición para desarrollar actividades que vinculen la docencia con la investigación, al formar parte de equipos de investigación. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las cinco ediciones del programa RII, con la participación de estudiantes del CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principales temas en análisis: Treinta y dos proyectos de investigación acogieron 202 RII, de las cuales 133 se completaron satisfactoriamente. Además de las competencias adquiridas en el marco de la integración en los equipos de los proyectos de investigación, los estudiantes asistieron a nueve actividades de formación promovidas para ellos. Conclusión: Las RII concluidas satisfactoriamente se registran en el suplemento al título. A pesar de la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo de los estudiantes debido a las exigencias del plan curricular, han valorado esta experiencia como muy positiva. La integración de este programa en el plan curricular es un paso que se debe promover en el futuro.

Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação: Programa de iniciação à investigação para estudantes de licenciatura / Research Initiation Rotations: Research initiation Program for undergraduate students / Rotaciones de iniciación a la investigación: Programa de iniciación a la investigación para estudiantes de grado

Resumo Enquadramento: As Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação (RII) enquadram-se no Eixo Estratégico de Desenvolvimento para a Formação de Investigadores da Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, no contexto das oportunidades da Janela do Jovem Investigador. Os estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem (CLE) voluntariamente disponibilizam-se para desenvolver atividades de ligação do ensino à investigação integrando equipas de investigação. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados das cinco edições do Programa RII, envolvendo os estudantes do CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principais tópicos em análise: Trinta e dois projetos de investigação acolheram 202 RII, das quais 133 foram concluídas com êxito. Para além das competências adquiridas em contexto de integração nas equipas dos projetos de investigação, os estudantes frequentaram nove atividades de formação promovidas para eles. Conclusão: As RII concluídas com sucesso são registadas no suplemento ao diploma. Apesar da limitada disponibilidade de tempo dos estudantes devido à exigência do plano curricular, estes têm avaliado esta experiência como muito positiva. A integração deste programa no plano curricular é um passo a promover no futuro.

Abstract Background: Research Initiation Rotations (RIRs) fall under the Development Strategic Axis for Researchers' Training of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing as part of the Young Researcher Window opportunities. Undergraduate nursing students volunteer to integrate research teams that develop activities linking teaching and research. Objective: To analyze the results of the five editions of the RIR Program involving undergraduate nursing students (2014/2015 to 2018/2019). Main topics under analysis: Thirty-two research projects involved 202 RIRs, 133 of which were successfully completed. In addition to the skills acquired as part of the research project teams, students attended nine training activities that were specifically designed for them. Conclusion: Successfully completed RIRs are included in the diploma supplement. Despite the limited time available due to curriculum demands, students have rated this experience as very positive. The integration of this program into the curriculum is a step to be taken in the future.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las Rotaciones de Iniciación a la Investigación (RII) forman parte del Eje Estratégico de Desarrollo para la Formación de Investigadores de la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería, en el contexto de las oportunidades de la Ventana del Joven Investigador. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería (CLE, en portugués) se ponen voluntariamente a disposición para desarrollar actividades que vinculen la docencia con la investigación, al formar parte de equipos de investigación. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las cinco ediciones del programa RII, con la participación de estudiantes del CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principales temas en análisis: Treinta y dos proyectos de investigación acogieron 202 RII, de las cuales 133 se completaron satisfactoriamente. Además de las competencias adquiridas en el marco de la integración en los equipos de los proyectos de investigación, los estudiantes asistieron a nueve actividades de formación promovidas para ellos. Conclusión: Las RII concluidas satisfactoriamente se registran en el suplemento al título. A pesar de la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo de los estudiantes debido a las exigencias del plan curricular, han valorado esta experiencia como muy positiva. La integración de este programa en el plan curricular es un paso que se debe promover en el futuro.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Meaning in Suffering Test para português europeu / Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Meaning in Suffering Test for European Portuguese / Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación del Meaning in Suffering Test al portugués europeo

Resumo Enquadramento: As diferenças paradoxais identificadas entre a forma como as pessoas experienciam a dor, independente da sua intensidade, e o sofrimento a ela associado, relacionam-se com os sistemas de crenças e valores. Objetivos: Validar o Meaning in Suffering Test (MIST) para a população portuguesa e determinar as suas características psicométricas. Metodologia: Este estudo apresenta o processo de adaptação transcultural, realizado numa amostra de 187 pessoas com doença reumática músculo-esquelética (DRM), com recurso a questionário sociodemográfico, clínico e o MIST-P. Resultados: A amostra, maioritariamente do sexo feminino, tinha 49,9±12,1 anos. O MIST-P apresenta bons valores de fidelidade (alfa de Cronbach de 0,833). A análise fatorial determinou a organização dos 12 itens em 2 fatores: Sentido e respostas face ao sofrimento e Características subjetivas face ao sofrimento. A escala é estável no tempo (r = 0,844). Conclusão: O MIST-P é válido e fiável para a população portuguesa com DRM, tendo potencial para ser aplicado na investigação e na prática clínica de prevenção, controlo e integração do sofrimento inevitável.

Abstract Background: The paradoxical differences identified between the way people experience pain, regardless of its intensity, and the suffering associated with it relate to value and belief systems. Objective: To validate the Meaning in Suffering Test (MIST) for the Portuguese population and determine its psychometric characteristics. Methodology: This study presents the process of cross-cultural adaptation, carried out on a sample of 187 people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), using a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire and the Teste de Sentido no Sofrimento (Portuguese version of the MIST - MIST-P). Results: The sample was mostly composed of women, with a mean age of 49.9±12.1 years. The MIST-P obtained a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.833, meaning a good reliability. The factorial analysis organized the 12 items into two factors: Meaning and responses to suffering and Subjective characteristics in the face of suffering. The scale shows stability over time (r = 0.844). Conclusion: The MIST-P is a valid and reliable tool for the Portuguese population with RMDs and can be applied in research and clinical practices aimed at the prevention, control, and integration of inevitable suffering.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las paradójicas diferencias identificadas entre la forma en que las personas experimentan el dolor, independientemente de su intensidad, y el sufrimiento asociado a este se relacionan con los sistemas de creencias y valores. Objetivos: Validar el Meaning in Suffering Test (MIST) para la población portuguesa y determinar sus características psicométricas. Metodología: Este estudio presenta el proceso de adaptación intercultural, llevado a cabo en una muestra de 187 personas con enfermedad reumática musculoesquelética (ERM), para lo cual se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, clínico y el MIST-P. Resultados: La muestra, mayoritariamente del sexo femenino, tenía 49,9±12,1 años. El MIST-P presenta buenos valores de fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach de 0,833). El análisis factorial determinó la organización de los 12 ítems en 2 factores: Sentido y respuestas al sufrimiento y Características subjetivas ante el sufrimiento. La escala es estable a lo largo del tiempo (r = 0,844). Conclusión: El MIST-P es válido y fiable para la población portuguesa con ERM, y tiene el potencial de ser aplicado en la investigación y la práctica clínica para la prevención, el control y la integración del sufrimiento inevitable.

Effectiveness of intermittent urinary catheterization in patients with neurogenic bladder: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of intermittent urinary catheterization in improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with neurogenic bladder.

[Effect of cognitive stimulation in elderly community]. / Efectos de la estimulación cognitiva sobre las personas mayores en el ámbito comunitario.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the implementation of the Cognitive Stimulation (CS) program 'Making a Difference' (MD) improves cognition and depressive symptoms in retired community elders. METHOD: This was a multicenter quasi-experimental study of 45 community dwelling elders (38 women and 7 men), with a mean age of 75.29, from 3 day-care centers in rural, semi-rural and urban environments in the central region of Portugal. Participants attended 14 sessions twice a week over seven weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were administered at the following three time points: baseline, post-test, and follow-up. RESULTS: From baseline to post-test, there is a statistically significant difference in depressive symptoms (F=7.494; P=.010) explaining 21% of the variance (partial eta squared [ηp(2)]=.21), power=.75, but there is no statistically significant difference in cognition. From post-test to follow-up, there is no difference in both cognition and depression outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed improvement in elders' depressive symptoms after a seven weeks intervention program but it did not have a protective effect after the three months follow-up. No evidence was found for its efficacy in improving cognition. Cognitive stimulation may be a useful in preventing elder's depressive symptoms when included in their health promotion care plan.

The effectiveness of acupuncture on pain, physical function and health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture on pain, physical function and health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.More specifically, the review questions are:• Is acupuncture effective in improving health-related quality of life in patients with RA?• Is acupuncture effective in relieving pain in patients with RA?• Is acupuncture effective in improving physical function in patients with RA?

Computer and laboratory simulation in the teaching of neonatal nursing: innovation and impact on learning.

Objectives: to evaluate the cognitive learning of nursing students in neonatal clinical evaluation from a blended course with the use of computer and laboratory simulation; to compare the cognitive learning of students in a control and experimental group testing the laboratory simulation; and to assess the extracurricular blended course offered on the clinical assessment of preterm infants, according to the students. Method: a quasi-experimental study with 14 Portuguese students, containing pretest, midterm test and post-test. The technologies offered in the course were serious game e-Baby, instructional software of semiology and semiotechnique, and laboratory simulation. Data collection tools developed for this study were used for the course evaluation and characterization of the students. Nonparametric statistics were used: Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon. Results: the use of validated digital technologies and laboratory simulation demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in the learning of the participants. The course was evaluated as very satisfactory for them. The laboratory simulation alone did not represent a significant difference in the learning. Conclusions: the cognitive learning of participants increased significantly. The use of technology can be partly responsible for the course success, showing it to be an important teaching tool for innovation and motivation of learning in healthcare.

The Importance of Religiosity/Spirituality in the Sexuality of Pregnant and Postpartum Women.

UNLABELLED: In this article, we decided to study the representation of the Spanish pregnant and postpartum women and the importance of religiosity/spirituality and the social context for them. We analyzed the influence of religion on the woman within her social context. OBJECTIVE: to understand how pregnant and postpartum women experience their sexuality according to their religious beliefs and the opinion of others from a socially learned perspective. METHOD: qualitative study using ethnography. This study aims at understanding reality from the women's point of view, acknowledging that the points of view are constructed through interaction with others, through cultural and historical norms that influence the lives of individuals. RESULTS: The findings indicate a difference in the religious beliefs and sexual behaviors of these women, which is more marked in urban than rural areas. Mothers have an influence on their daughters, conditioning their behavior. Conclusion We conclude that the process of change is underway. However, some paradoxes still persist concerning the sexual roles to be adopted, as well as some contradictions between sexual behaviors and the statements on religion. Within the scope of our study, we can confirm that pregnant and postpartum women are more or less pressured by the religious and social norms conveyed by their mothers, mainly in rural settings. From an external point of view, to be sexually free goes against the maternal and social expectations. However, the internal representation, marked by religion, that has been experienced over the years does not change the narratives of sexual experiences, assigning women to traditional role. This role brings conflict more or less assumed by women.

The experience of programs to promote health in retirement: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: Retirement is a transition that occurs at the conclusion of the work phase of life, after years in which work has played an important role, and this can interfere with every dimension of the human ageing process. It can be seen as an event, as a status or as a process. Independently of these perspectives, intervention programs can promote the health status of individuals and their families during this life transition. Aging is one of the major issues affecting the current public health framework. For many societies there will be an increasing population of older persons leading to an increase the number of people living with chronic diseases and associated morbidity. As such, there is an urgent need to implement strategies that promote health and the quality of life in stage. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to identify programs that have been implemented with the goal of promoting the health of individuals and their families during their adjustment to retirement and identify the meaningfulness and appropriateness of programs implemented to improve the health status of individuals and families during their adjustment to retirement. TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: This review considered studies that included individuals newly retired (within five years of retirement) and their families. We did not consider any age range; what was important was the experience of the individual, independent of the age in which this transition occurred. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST: This review considered studies that investigated the experiences of individuals and families during the initial retirement period who were subject to programs implemented to improve their health status, excluding programs that had returning to the labor market as a goal. Types of studies: This review considered interpretive or critical studies that drew on the experiences of individuals and their families including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research. In the absence of research studies, other text such as opinion papers and reports were considered. SEARCH STRATEGY: The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished studies. An initial search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by an analysis of text words contained in the title and abstract, and of index terms used to describe the article. Using all identified keywords and index terms, another search was then undertaken across all included databases. The reference list of all identified reports and articles was searched for additional studies. Studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and those published from 2000 to 2013 were considered for inclusion. RESULTS: The number of potentially relevant studies identified following the search was 567. Of these, seven were excluded as duplicates; of the remaining 560, from the title and abstract assessment, 540 were excluded, and 20 out of the 20 articles were excluded for not fulfilling the inclusion criteria when the full text was read. There were no studies located that met the inclusion criteria of this review. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence available to determine the meaningfulness and appropriateness of programs that have been implemented to improve the health status of individuals and families during their adjustment to retirement. According to the conducted analysis, health promotion in retirement is an area which needs scientific and economic investment as there is a lack of evidence that describes programs directed to retirees and their families and that measure the meaningfulness and appropriateness in what concerns their health status.

Serious game e-Baby: nursing students' perception on learning about preterm newborn clinical assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate students opinion regarding e-Baby educational technology. METHODOLOGY: Exploratory descriptive study in which participated a sample composed of 14 nursing Portuguese students that used e-Baby digital educational technology in an extracurricular course. To achieve the aim of the study, the data collection was realized through an opinion instrument in Likert scale including the possibility of commentaries by students. Is was also collected data of participants' characterization. RESULTS: Students made very satisfactory evaluations regarding the game e-Baby, varying since usability acceptation through suggestions of expansion of the game to other nursing themes. CONCLUSION: Serious game e-Baby can be considered a didactic innovation and motivator tool of learning. Besides, it demonstrates have adequate interface in design and educative function aspects, evocating intense interaction between user and computational tool.

Mental health literacy about schizophrenia: a survey of Portuguese youth.

AIM: Mental health literacy about psychotic disorders, specifically schizophrenia, may assist in appropriate help seeking and early intervention, preventing the exacerbation of symptoms and improving health outcomes in the medium and long term. The aim of this study was to characterize the level of mental health literacy of Portuguese youth concerning schizophrenia. METHODS: A mental health literacy questionnaire was administered to a random sample of Portuguese youth aged 14-24 years. This questionnaire evaluated the following components: recognition of disorders, knowledge about professionals and treatments available, knowledge about the effectiveness of self-help strategies, knowledge and skills to support and provide first aid to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders. RESULTS: There were 4938 adolescents and young adults who participated in the study. Schizophrenia or psychosis was recognized by 42.17% and 22.21%, respectively. Most young people recognized the potential helpfulness of family doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health services. There was also widespread belief in the potential helpfulness of family and friends, and lifestyle changes. However, teachers were not generally seen as a source of help. Appropriate mental health first-aid strategies were commonly endorsed, but there was a reluctance to ask about suicidal feelings and many endorsed speaking to the person firmly. Lifestyle factors were also commonly believed to be preventative. CONCLUSIONS: Although many Portuguese youth have beliefs that may assist early intervention, there was a substantial minority who did not. Given the central role of teachers in the lives of young people, it is notable that they were not seen as a potential source of help. Mental health first-aid skills of young people also need improvement.

Actitudes ante la inmigración del alumnado de una escuela de enfermería de Portugal / Attitudes towards the immigration of students from a nursing school in Portugal / Atitudes em relação à imigração dos alunos de uma escola de enfermagem de Portugal

Marco contextual: La diversidad cultural está presente en todas las sociedades. Las enfermeras deben ser culturalmente competentes para dispensar cuidados de calidad. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Actitud hacia la Inmigración en Enfermería (EAIE) al portugués y conocer las actitudes ante la inmigración del alumnado del primer curso del grado de una escuela de Enfermería de Portugal. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y analítico, con traducción y adaptación transcultural de la EAIE al portugués, constituida por 39 ítems. Participaron 143 estudiantes. Resultados: Buena consistencia interna de la escala medida con el a de Cronbach (0,94). Con el análisis unifactorial de la escala, y de cada ítem separado se identificaron diferencias actitudinales significativas entre hombres y mujeres en 6 ítems, y entre grupos de edad en 2 ítems. Conclusión: Las actitudes de una parte del alumnado no son favorables al reconocimiento pleno de los derechos en el uso de los recursos sociosanitarios de los inmigrantes. Consideramos necesario profundizar en la formación en competencia cultural y en el Derecho Universal a la Salud.

Background: Cultural diversity is present in all societies. Nurses must be culturally competent to provide quality care. Objective: To validate the Scale of Attitude toward Immigration in Nursing (EAIE) in Portuguese and to know the attitudes toward the immigration of the first-year undergraduate students of a nursing school in Portugal. Methodology: Descriptive, exploratory, and analytical study, with the translation and transcultural adaptation of the EAIE to the Portuguese language, composed of 39 items. The participants were 143 students. Results: Scale with a good internal consistency, assessed with Cronbach's a (0,94). With the univariate analysis of the scale and each separate item, significant attitudinal differences were identified between men and women in 6 items, and among age groups in 2 items. Conclusion: The attitudes of a portion of the students are not favorable to the full recognition of the rights of health and social resources of the immigrants. It is necessary to develop the training in cultural competence and the Universal Right to health.

Enquadramento: A diversidade cultural está presente em todas as sociedades. Os enfermeiros devem ser culturalmente competentes para prestar cuidados de qualidade. Objetivo: Validar a Escala de Atitude em Relação à Imigração na Enfermagem (EAIE) para português e conhecer as atitudes face à imigração dos estudantes do 1º ano da licenciatura de uma escola de enfermagem de Portugal. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório e analítico, com aplicação da EAIE, traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para a língua portuguesa, composta por 39 items. Participaram no estudo 143 estudantes. Resultados: Boa consistência interna da escala medida com o a de Cronbach (0,94). Com a análise unifatorial da escala e de cada item em separado identificaram-se diferenças significativas de atitude entre homens e mulheres em 6 itens e entre grupos etários em 2 itens. Conclusão: As atitudes de uma parte dos estudantes não mostram um reconhecimento inequívoco dos direitos dos imigrantes aos recursos sociossanitários. Consideramos necessário aprofundar a formação em competência cultural e sobre o Direito Universal à Saúde.

Self-confidence for emergency intervention: adaptation and cultural validation of the Self-confidence Scale in nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: develop the cultural adaptation and validation of a Portuguese version of the Self-confidence Scale. METHOD: descriptive and exploratory methodological research for the adaptation and validation of a measuring instrument. The translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision, pretest and semantic evaluation phases were accomplished. The evaluation involving 178 students from a Teaching Diploma Program in Nursing. The ethical principles were complied with. RESULTS: the internal consistency analysis of the scale reveals good Alpha coefficients (0.92 for the global scale and superior to 0.83 for the different dimensions). The factor analysis presents a three-factor solution with rational meaning. CONCLUSION: The scale is easy to answer and understand. Based on the obtained results, it can be affirmed that the scale reveals good psychometric properties, with great potential to be used in future research.