RESUMO
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients often respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) initially but eventually develop resistance to TKIs. The switch of EGFR downstream signaling from TKI-sensitive to TKI-insensitive is a critical mechanism-driving resistance to TKIs. Identification of potential therapies to target EGFR effectively is a potential strategy to treat TKI-resistant LUADs. In this study, we developed a small molecule diarylheptanoid 35d, a curcumin derivative, that effectively suppressed EGFR protein expression, killed multiple TKI-resistant LUAD cells in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth of EGFR-mutant LUAD xenografts with variant TKI-resistant mechanisms including EGFR C797S mutations in vivo. Mechanically, 35d triggers heat shock protein 70-mediated lysosomal pathway through transcriptional activation of several components in the pathway, such as HSPA1B, to induce EGFR protein degradation. Interestingly, higher HSPA1B expression in LUAD tumors associated with longer survival of EGFR-mutant, TKI-treated patients, suggesting the role of HSPA1B on retarding TKI resistance and providing a rationale for combining 35d with EGFR TKIs. Our data showed that combination of 35d significantly inhibits tumor reprogression on osimertinib and prolongs mice survival. Overall, our results suggest 35d as a promising lead compound to suppress EGFR expression and provide important insights into the development of combination therapies for TKI-resistant LUADs, which could have translational potential for the treatment of this deadly disease.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Diarileptanoides , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Diarileptanoides/farmacologia , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Mutação , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologiaRESUMO
Protein S-sulfhydration involves the regulation of various protein functions, and resolving the S-sulfhydrated proteome (persulfidome) allows for a deeper exploration of various redox regulations. Therefore, we designed a reducible covalent capture method for isolating S-sulfhydrated proteins, which can analyze the persulfidome in biological samples and monitor specific S-sulfhydrated proteins. In this study, we applied this method to reveal the S-sulfhydration levels of proteins, including 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, NFκB/p65, and nucleolin. Furthermore, this technique can be used to enrich S-sulfhydrated peptides, aiding in the determination of protein S-sulfhydration modification sites. Finally, we observed that the S-sulfhydration and oxidation of nucleolin on the C543 residue correlate with its nuclear translocation, downstream regulation of p53, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 RNA levels and protein expression, as well as the protective function against oxidative stress. Therefore, this method may facilitate the understanding of the regulation of protein function by redox perturbation.
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1. Two curcumin analogs, (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5- dione (N17) and its prodrug ((1E,6E)-3,5-dioxohepta-1,6-diene-1,7-diyl)bis(2,6-diethyl-4,1- phenylene)bis(3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate) (N17'), were evaluated as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitors.2. MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII-WT were used to evaluate the modulation effects of N17 and N17' on BCRP and to explore the relevant mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered rosuvastatin (ROS), a probe substrate of BCRP, without and with N17' (100 mg/kg) to investigate the effect of N17' on ROS pharmacokinetics.3. In cell studies, N17 and N17' were substrates of BCRP, and they decreased the activity and protein expression of BCRP. In rat study, N17' increased the systemic exposure of ROS by 218% (p = 0.058).4. N17 and N17' are potential BCRP inhibitors and will be promising candidates for overcoming the BCRP-mediated multidrug resistance.
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Drug combination therapy is a key approach in cancer treatments, aiming to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance. Evaluation of intracellular response in cancer cells to drug treatment may disclose the underlying mechanism of drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of osimertinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and a curcumin derivative, 35d, on HCC827 cells and tumors by analyzing alterations in metabolome and related regulations. HCC827 tumor-bearing SCID mice and cultured HCC827 cells were separately examined. The treatment comprised four conditions: vehicle-only, 35d-only, osimertinib-only, and a combination of 35d and osimertinib. The treated tumors/cells were subsequently subjected to metabolomics profiling, fatty acyl analysis, mitochondrial potential measurement, and cell viability assay. Osimertinib induced changes in the ratio of short-chain (SC) to long-chain (LC) fatty acyls, particularly acylcarnitines (ACs), in both tumors and cells. Furthermore, 35d enhanced this effect by further lowering the SC/LC ratio of most ACs. Osimertinib and 35d also exerted detrimental effects on mitochondria through distinct mechanisms. Osimertinib upregulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI), while 35d induced the expression of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). The alterations in ACs and CPTI were correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited cell growth. Our results suggest that osimertinib and 35d disrupted the fatty acyl metabolism and induced mitochondrial stress in cancer cells. This study provides insights into the potential application of fatty acyl metabolism inhibitors, such as osimertinib or other TKIs, and mitochondrial stress inducers, such as curcumin derivatives, as combination therapy for cancer.
Assuntos
Curcumina , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Camundongos , Animais , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Camundongos SCID , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Compostos de Anilina/uso terapêutico , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , MutaçãoRESUMO
Natural phenolic products from herbal medicines and dietary plants constitute the main source of lead compounds for the development of the new drug. 4,4-Dimethylcurcumin (DMCU) is a synthetic curcumin derivative and exhibits anticancer activities against breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers. However, further development of DMCU is limited by unfavorable compound properties such as very low aqueous solubility and moderate stability. To increase its solubility, we installed either or both of the ethylene-carbonate-linked L-valine side chains to DMCU phenolic groups and produced targeted 1-trifluoroacetic acid (1-TFA) and 2-trifluoroacetic acid (2-TFA) derivatives. The terminus L-valine of ethylene-carbonate-linked side chain is known to be a L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) recognition element and therefore, these two derivatives were expected to readily enter into LAT1-expressing cancer cells. In practice, 1-TFA or 2-TFA were synthesized from DMCU in four steps with 34-48% overall yield. Based on the corresponding LC-MS analysis, water solubility of DMCU, 1-TFA, and 2-TFA at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) were 0.018, 249.7, and 375.8 mg/mL, respectively, indicating >10,000-fold higher solubility of 1-TFA and 2-TFA than DMCU. Importantly, anti-proliferative assay demonstrated that 2-TFA is a potent anti-cancer agent against LAT1-expressing lung cancer cells NCI-H460, NCI-H358, and A549 cells due to its high intracellular uptake compared to DMCU and 1-TFA. In this study, we logically designed and synthesized the targeted compounds, established the LC-MS analytical methods for evaluations of drug solubility and intracellular uptake levels, and showed improved solubility and anti-cancer activities of 2-TFA. Our results provide a strategical direction for the future development of curcuminoid-like phenolic compounds.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcumina , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/síntese química , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/farmacologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
Compound 1 is a curcumin di-O-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate that shows significant in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with eight to ten-fold higher potency than curcumin. Here, we modified the α-position (C-4 position) of the central 1,3-diketone moiety of 1 with polar or nonpolar functional groups to afford a series of 4,4-disubstituted curcuminoid 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate derivatives and evaluated their anticancer activities. A clear structure-activity relationship of compound 1 derivatives focusing on the functional groups at the C-4 position was established based on their anti-proliferative effects against the MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 cell lines. Compounds 2-6 are 4,4-dimethylated, 4,4-diethylated, 4,4-dibenzylated, 4,4-dipropargylated and 4,4-diallylated compound 1, respectively. Compounds 2m-6m, the ester hydrolysis products of compounds 2-6, respectively, were synthesized and assessed for anticancer activity. Among all compound 1 derivatives, compound 2 emerged as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer due to the promising in vivo anti-proliferative activities of 2 (IC50 = 3.10 ± 0.29 µM) and its ester hydrolysis product 2m (IC50 = 2.17 ± 0.16 µM) against HCT-116. The preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation of 2 implied that 2 and 2m are main contributors to the in vivo efficacy. Compound 2 was further evaluated in an animal study using HCT-116 colon tumor xenograft bearing nude mice. The results revealed a dose-dependent efficacy that led to tumor volume reductions of 27%, 45%, and 60% at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg doses, respectively. The established structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetic outcomes of 2 is the guidance for future development of 4,4-disubstituted curcuminoid 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- propionate derivatives as anticancer drug candidates.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida , Curcumina/química , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation has found to ameliorate diabetes in animal models. However, no CAR agonists are available clinically. Therefore, a safe and effective CAR activator would be an alternative option. In this study, sixty courmarin derivatives either synthesized or purified from Artemisia capillaris were screened for CAR activation activity. Chemical modifications were on position 5,6,7,8 with mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra-substitutions. Among all the compounds subjected for in vitro CAR activation screening, 6,7-diprenoxycoumarin was the most effective and was selected for further preclinical studies. Chemical modification on the 6 position and unsaturated chains were generally beneficial. Electron-withdrawn groups as well as long unsaturated chains were hazardous to the activity. Mechanism of action studies showed that CAR activation of 6,7-diprenoxycoumarin might be through the inhibition of EGFR signaling and upregulating PP2Ac methylation. To sum up, modification mimicking natural occurring coumarins shed light on CAR studies and the established screening system provides a rapid method for the discovery and development of CAR activators. In addition, one CAR activator, scoparone, did showed anti-diabetes effect in db/db mice without elevation of insulin levels.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Receptor Constitutivo de Androstano , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteína Fosfatase 2C/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop a new drug substance with low toxicity and effective inhibitory activity against cisplatin-resistant oral cancer. The naturally produced pterostilbene was selected as the lead compound for design and synthesis of a series of bis(hydroxymethyl)propionate-based prodrugs. All derivatives were screened for antiproliferative effects against the cisplatin-resistant oral squamous (CAR) cell line and the results indicated that several compounds demonstrated superior inhibitory activity compared with pterostilbene and resveratrol. Among them, the most promising compound, 12, was evaluated for in vivo antitumor activity in a CAR xenograft nude mouse model. Obvious antitumor activity was observed at the lowest oral dose (25â¯mg/kg/day). Increasing the dose of 12 to 100â¯mg/kg/day reduced the tumor size to 22% of the control group. Based on these findings as well as the extremely low toxicity seen in the in vivo studies, we believe that compound 12 could serve as a new lead for further development.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Propionatos/farmacologia , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Propionatos/química , Estilbenos/síntese química , Estilbenos/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
(+)-Medicarpin has been synthesized asymmetrically for the first time in a linear scalable process with an overall yield of 11%. The two chiral centers were constructed in one step via condensation using a chiral oxazolidinone auxiliary. This method will likely accelerate research on medicarpin as an erythropoietin inducer for erythropoietin-deficient diseases.
Assuntos
Pterocarpanos/química , Eritropoetina/deficiência , Eritropoetina/metabolismo , Oxazolidinonas/químicaRESUMO
Spiro bis-C,C-α-arylglycosides were synthesized in three steps in 78-85% overall yields starting from exo-glycals. The initial Heck type C-aryl addition of exo-glycals with arylboronic acids afforded α-aryl-ß-substituted C-glycosides with exclusive α-stereoselectivity. Among the products, ß-ethanal α-aryl C-glycosides further reacted with alkylthiol in the presence of InCl3, followed by in situ Friedel-Crafts cyclization to yield the desirable final products. We proposed a mechanism to explain how the α-aryl group serves as a main determinant of the cyclization.
RESUMO
Subsequently to the publication of the article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that, in Fig. 2A on p. 5, the 'Control (24 h)' and 'MTH3 (1 µM; 24 h)' data panels contained partially overlapping data, such that they appeared to have been derived from the same original source. The authors have examined their original data, and realized that this error arose inadvertently as a consequence of having compiled this figure incorrectly. The revised version of Fig. 2, featuring the data from one of the repeated experiments in Fig. 2A, is shown below. The revised data shown for this figure do not affect the overall conclusions reported in the paper. The authors apologize to the Editor of Oncology Reports and to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Oncology Reports 46: 133, 2021; DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8084].
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that causes severe liver damage, fibrosis, and scarring. Despite its potential to progress to cirrhosis or hepatic failure, approved drugs or treatments are currently unavailable. We developed 4,4-diallyl curcumin bis(2,2-hydroxymethyl)propanoate, also known as 35e, which induces upregulation of mitochondrial proteins including carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, heat shock protein 60, and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20. Among these proteins, the upregulated expression of CPT-I was most prominent. CPT-I plays a crucial role in transporting carnitine across the mitochondrial inner membrane, thereby initiating mitochondrial ß-oxidation of fatty acids. Given recent research showing that CPT-I activation could be a viable pathway for NASH treatment, we hypothesized that 35e could serve as a potential agent for treating NASH. The efficacy of 35e in treating NASH was evaluated in methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet- and Western diet (WD)-induced models that mimic human NASH. In the MCD diet-induced model, both short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (7 weeks) treatment with 35e effectively regulated elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations and histological inflammation. However, the antisteatotic effect of 35e was obtained only in the short-term treatment group. As a comparative compound in the MCD diet-induced model, curcumin treatment did not produce significant regulatory effects on the liver triglyceride/total cholesterol, serum ALT/AST, or hepatic steatosis. In the WD-induced model, 35e ameliorated hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation, while increasing serum AST and hepatic lipid content. A decrease in epididymal adipose tissue weight and serum free fatty acid concentration suggested that 35e may promote lipid metabolism or impede lipid accumulation. Overall, 35e displayed significant antilipid accumulation and antifibrotic effects in the two complementary mice models. The development of new curcumin derivatives with the ability to induce CPT-I upregulation could further underscore their efficacy as anti-NASH agents.
Assuntos
Curcumina , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metionina , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Animais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Metionina/metabolismo , Metionina/deficiência , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Masculino , Dieta Ocidental/efeitos adversos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferase/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Propionatos/farmacologia , Propionatos/uso terapêutico , Propionatos/metabolismo , Humanos , Colina/metabolismo , Colina/farmacologiaRESUMO
New metal-free one-pot synthesis of α-2-deoxy-ulosides in moderate to good yields by microwave-assisted double Michael addition of various O-nucleophiles to ß-enamino ketones in the presence of 12 N HCl. These glycosyl additions occurred with high α-stereoselectivity and were complete in 10-25 min in 51-93% yield. In addition, high α-stereoselectivity was also observed when S-nucleophiles were examined.
Assuntos
Cetonas , Micro-Ondas , MetaisRESUMO
A highly efficient annulative approach towards the construction of the structurally attractive methylenecyclohexane ring was developed through a convenient 1,4-addition of 4-pentenylmagnesium bromide to 2-cyano-2-cycloalkenones followed by a Pd(II)-mediated oxidative cyclization of the resulting ω-unsaturated α-cyano ketones. Based on this newly developed protocol, polycyclic adducts bearing various ring sizes and substitutions can be prepared in moderate to high yields.
Assuntos
Acetatos/química , Cianocetona/química , Cicloexanos/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Ciclização , Metilação , Estrutura Molecular , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
Upon treatment with phenyl dichlorophosphate (PhOP=OCl(2)) in acetonitrile at ambient temperature, a variety of ketoximes underwent a Beckmann rearrangement in an effective manner to afford the corresponding amides in moderate to high yields.
Assuntos
Compostos Organofosforados/química , Oximas/química , Acetonitrilas/química , Acetofenonas/química , Amidas/síntese química , Modelos Químicos , Solventes/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
Curcumin is proven to have potent anti-inflammatory activity, but its low water solubility and rapid degradation in physiological conditions limit its clinical use, particularly in intravenous drug delivery. In this study, we fabricated rod-shaped, acid-labile nanogels, using high biosafe and biocompatible polymers, for intravenous application in systemic inflammation treatment. The constituent polymers of the nanogels were prepared via the conjugation of vitamin B6 derivatives, including pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, onto poly(glutamate) with ester bonds. The aldehyde groups of the pyridoxal and amine groups of the pyridoxamine on the polymers enable crosslinking using a Schiff base during the solvent evaporation procedure for the preparation of the rod-shaped nanogels. Our study is the first to introduce this linkage, which is generated from two vitamin B6 derivatives into a nanogel system. It is also the first to fabricate a rod-shaped nanogel system via simple solvent evaporation. Under acidic conditions, such as those encountered in the endosomes and lysosomes within inflammatory macrophage cells spread in the whole body, imine bonds are cleaved and release payloads. The nanogel polymers were successfully synthesized and characterized, and the formation and disappearance of the Schiff base under neutral and acidic conditions were also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Following curcumin encapsulation, the long, rod-shaped nanogels were able to rapidly internalize into macrophage cells in static or adhere to cells under the flows, release their payloads in the acid milieus, and, thus, mitigate curcumin degradation. Consequently, curcumin-loaded, rod-shaped nanogels displayed exceptional anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, by efficiently inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator secretion. These results demonstrate the feasibility of our acid-labile, rod-shaped nanogels for the treatment of systemic inflammation.
Assuntos
Curcumina , Curcumina/farmacologia , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Nanogéis , Polietilenoglicóis , Polietilenoimina , Polímeros/química , Piridoxal , Piridoxamina , Bases de Schiff , Solventes , VitaminasRESUMO
Triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) behaves aggressively in the invasive and metastatic states. Our research group recently developed a novel curcumin derivative, (1E,3Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-5-oxohepta-1,3,6-triene-1,7-diyl)bis(2methoxy-4,1phenylene)bis(3-hydroxy2-hydroxymethyl)-2methyl propanoate (MTH3), and previous studies showed that MTH3 inhibits TNBC proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo with a superior bioavailability and absorption than curcumin. In the present study, the effects of MTH3 on TNBC cell invasion were examined using various assays and gelatin zymography, and western blot analysis. Treatment with MTH3 inhibited MDAMB231 cell invasion and migration, as shown by Transwell assay, 3D spheroid invasion assay, and wound healing assay. The results of the gelatin zymography experiments revealed that MTH3 decreased matrix metalloproteinase9 activity. The potential signaling pathways were revealed by nextgeneration sequencing analysis, antibody microarray analysis and western blot analysis. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that, MTH3 inhibited tumor cell invasion through the MAPK/ERK/AKT signaling pathway and cell cycle regulatory cascade, providing significant information about the potential molecular mechanisms of the effects of MTH3 on TNBC.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Diarileptanoides/farmacologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diarileptanoides/química , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismoRESUMO
Currently, due to the HIV latency mechanism, the search continues for effective drugs to combat this issue and provide a cure for AIDS. Gnidimacrin activates latent HIV-1 replication and inhibits HIV-1 infection at picomolar concentrations. This natural diterpene was able to markedly reduce the latent HIV-1 DNA level and the frequency of latently infected cells. Therefore, gnidimacrin is an excellent lead compound, and its anti-HIV potential merits further investigation. Twenty-nine modified gnidimacrin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in assays for HIV replication and latency activation to establish which molecular structures must be maintained and which can tolerate changes that may be needed for better pharmacological properties. The results indicated that hydroxyl substituents at C-5 and C-20 are essential, while derivatives modified at 3-OH with aromatic esters retain anti-HIV replication and latent activation activities. The half-lives of the potent GM derivatives are over 20 h, which implies that they are stable in the plasm even though they contain ester linkages. The established structure-activity relationship should be useful in the development of gnidimacrin or structurally related compounds as clinical trial candidates.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/síntese química , Diterpenos/síntese química , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/síntese química , Latência Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Diterpenos/farmacologia , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/síntese química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Latência Viral/fisiologiaRESUMO
Polygonum cuspidatum (Hu Zhang) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been revealed to exert anticancer, antiangiogenesis, antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antihepatitis B virus, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective bioactivities. However, the effect of P. cuspidatum extract (PCE) on drugresistant human oral cancer cells regarding cell death is not fully understood yet. The present study was undertaken to explore the induction of autophagic and apoptotic cell death and to investigate their underlying molecular mechanisms in PCEtreated cisplatinresistant human oral cancer CAR cells. Our results revealed that PCE was determined via HPLC analytic method, and it was revealed that resveratrol may be a major compound in PCE. The data also demonstrated that PCE reduced CAR cell viability in a concentration and timedependent response via an MTT assay. PCE had an extremely low toxicity in human normal gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Autophagic and apoptotic cell death was found after PCE treatment by morphological determination. PCE was revealed to induce autophagy as determined using acridine orange (AO), LC3GFP, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and LysoTracker Red staining in CAR cells. In addition, PCE was revealed to induce apoptosis in CAR cells via 4',6diamidino2phenylindole (DAPI)/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL) double staining. PCE significantly stimulated caspase9 and 3 activities as revealed using caspase activity assays. PCE markedly increased the protein levels of Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, Beclin1, LC3, Bax and cleaved caspase3, while it decreased the protein expression of Bcl2 in CAR cells as determined by western blotting. In conclusion, our findings are the first to suggest that PCE may be potentially efficacious for the treatment of cisplatinresistant human oral cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Fallopia japonica/química , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Based on the bioisosteric replacement of the pyrazole C3-carboxamide of rimonabant with a 5-alkyl oxadiazole ring, a novel class of oxadiazole derivatives with promising biological activity towards CB1 receptors was discovered. Among them, compounds with an alkyl linker containing a strong electron-withdrawing group (e.g., CF(3)) and a sterically favorable bulky group (e.g., t-butyl) exhibited excellent CB1 antagonism and selectivity, and thus might serve as potential candidates for further development as anti-obesity agents.