الملخص
The UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) technique was first established in 2003. Sequences of target RNAs and binding sites of specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) were identified within the entire transcriptome by UV cross-linking, immunoprecipitation, reverse transcription, and subsequent high-throughput sequencing. Over the last 20 years, CLIP has been continuously modified and improved. Advanced operability and accuracy have extended its application category. Currently, the widely used CLIP technologies include high-throughput sequencing with crosslinking-immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP), photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced CLIP (PAR-CLIP), individual nucleotide resolution CLIP (iCLIP), enhanced CLIP (eCLIP), infrared-CLIP (irCLIP), etc. HITS-CLIP combines high-throughput sequencing with UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation. The 254 nm UV cross-linking and RNAase digestion steps allow the technology to capture transient intracellular RBP-RNA interactions. However, there are limitations in the efficiency of UV cross-linking, with low resolution and high intrinsic background noise. For PAR-CLIP, photoactivatable ribonucleoside was incorporated into RNA molecules, and RBP cross-linked with RNA by 365 nm UV light to improve cross-linking efficiency and resolution. Cross-linking mediated single-base mutations provide more accurate binding site information and reduce interference from background sequences. Long-term alternative nucleotide incorporation, on the other hand, can be cytotoxic and may skew experimental results. iCLIP can identify RBP-RNA cross-linking sites at the single nucleotide level through cDNA circularization and subsequent re-linearization steps, but it has more experimental procedures, and partial cDNAs lost in the circularization step are inevitable. eCLIP discards the radioisotope labeling procedure and reduces RNA loss by ligating adaptors in two separate steps, greatly improving the library-building efficiency, and reducing bias associated with PCR amplification; however, the efficiency of immunoprecipitation cannot be visually assessed at the early stage of the experiment. The irCLIP technique replaces radioisotopes with infrared dyes and greatly reduces the initial number of cells required for the experiment; however, an infrared imaging scanner is essential for the irCLIP application. To address more particular scientific issues, derivative CLIP-related techniques such as PAPERCLIP, cTag-PAPERCLIP, hiCLIP, and tiCLIP have also been developed in recent years. In practice, the aforementioned CLIP approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. When deciding on a technical strategy, we should take into account our experimental objectives and conditions, such as whether we need to precisely define the RNA site for binding to RBP; whether we have the necessary experimental conditions for working with radioisotopes or performing infrared imaging; the amount of initial sample size, and so on. In addition, the CLIP technique has a relatively large number of procedures and can be divided into several successive experimental modules. We can try to combine modules from different mainstream CLIP technologies to meet our experimental requirements, which also gives us more opportunities to improve and refine them and to build more targeted derivative CLIP technologies according to our research objectives.
الملخص
Objective To investigate the effects of dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn)-guided indi-vidual positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)titration on pulmonary function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.Methods Sixty-eight elderly patients were selected for laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer,37 males and 31 females,aged 65-79 years,BMI<30 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The patients were divided into two groups using the random number table method:individualized PEEP group(group P)and control group(group C),34 patients in each group.In group P,the patients received recruitment maneuvers and PEEP titration test at immediately after intubation,immediately after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position and immediately after pneumoperitoneum.The patients in group C received PEEP 5 cmH2 O during procedure.The three best titra-tion PEEP and the actual tidal volume(VT)in group P were also recorded.PaO2,PaCO2,PETCO2 10 mi-nutes after the tracheal intubation(T1),10 minutes(T2)and 1 hour(T3)after establishing pneumoperito-neum-Trendelenburg position,at the end of the surgery but before extubation(T4)were recorded,and the oxygenation index(OI),physiological dead space to tidal volume(Vd/VT),alveolar arterial oxygen differ-ence(A-aDO2),driving pressure,and Cdyn were calculated.Concentrations of interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Clara cell secretoyr protein(CC16)and lung alveolar surface active sub-stances-D(SP-D)in the serum samples were determined by ELISA before anesthesia induction(T0)and 10 minutes after extubation(T5).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were also recordrd.Results The individualized PEEP of Cdyn?guided PEEP titration was 4 cmH2O. Compared with group C, the PaO2 and OI in group C were significantly increased at T4, the Cdyn was significantly increased at T1,T3, and T4, the driving pressure was significantly decreased at T1 -T4, the serum concentration of CC16 was significantly decreased at T5 ( P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences in PaCO2, PET CO2,A?aDO2, and Vd/ VT between the two groups. There was no severe PPCs in the two groups. Conclusion Pressure?controlled ventilation modes combined with Cdyn?guide PEEP titration can increase the Cdyn, reduce thedriving pressure, and improve OI at the end of the operation, reduce the concentrations of CC16 at postop?eration, improve pulmonary function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.
الملخص
Objective To explore the effects of simethicone on gastrointestinal hormones,intestinal floras and inflammatory process mediated by NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Methods A total of 120 patients with IBS admitted to the hospital were prospectively enrolled as the research objects between January 1,2021 and December 31,2022,and they were randomly divided into control group(60 cases)and treatment group(60 cases).The control group was treated with compound eosinophil-Lactobacillus,while treatment group was additionally treated with simethicone.The curative effect after treatment,scores of gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),levels of somatostatin(SS),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),NLRP3 inflammasome,interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),counts of intestinal floras before and after treatment,and safety during treatment were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,total response rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group(91.67% vs.76.67% ,P<0.05).After treatment,GSRS scores in both groups were decreased,which were lower in treatment group than control group(P<0.05).After treatment,levels of SS and VIP in both groups were decreased,which were lower in treatment group than control group(P<0.05).After treatment,counts of eosinophil-Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria were increased in both groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in counts of intestinal floras between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,levels of NLRP3 inflammasome,IL-8 and IL-1β were decreased in both groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).During treatment,there was no significant difference in side effects between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Simethicone can significantly improve response rate of treatment,improve gastrointestinal symptoms and gastrointestinal hormones in IBS patients,which has no significant effects on intestinal floras and inflammatory process mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome,with good safety.
الملخص
Objective:To compare the efficacy of pecto-intercostal fascial plane (PIFP) block versus transversus thoracic muscle plane (TTP) block under ultrasound guidance in coronary artery bypass grafting with general anesthesia.Methods:Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱor Ⅲ patients of either sex, aged 50-79 yr, scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: PIFP block combined with general anesthesia group (PG group), TTP block combined with general anesthesia group (TG group), and general anesthesia group (G group). After anesthesia induction, bilateral PIFP block was performed under ultrasound guidance in group PG, TTP block was performed under ultrasound guidance in group TG. Three groups used the same general anesthesia method and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery. Visual analog scale scores (cough, position change, etc) at rest and during activity were recorded at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after operation. The total consumption of intraoperative sufentanil, extubation time, length of stay in intensive care units, rate of rescue analgesia, effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, skin pruritus and nerve block-related adverse events were recorded. The operation time of nerve block was recorded and ultrasound-guided needle visibility score was assessed in PG group and TG group. Results:Compared with group G, the total consumption of intraoperative sufentanil was significantly reduced, the extubation time and length of stay in intensive care units were shortened, visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity were decreased at 6, 12 and 18 h after operation, the rate of rescue analgesia was decreased, and the effective pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia were decreased in group PG and group TG ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in PG and TG groups ( P> 0.05). Compared with group TG, the operational time of nerve block was significantly shortened, and the ultrasound-guided needle visibility score was increased in group PG ( P<0.05). No nerve block-related adverse events were found in PG and TG groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and skin pruritus among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:PIFP block can provide good perioperative analgesia and promote the rapid recovery in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with general anesthesia. Although the analgesic effect of PIFP blockade is similar to that of TTP blockade, PIFP blockade is more clinically valuable due to its simpler operation and less relative risk.
الملخص
Objective@#To explore the effect of C1q / tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 ( CTRP9 ) on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice after cold stimulation．@*Methods @#C57BL /6J male mice were injected with adenovirus Ad-GFP (control group) or Ad-CTRP9 ( experience group) into the scapular region and kept for 7 days．After cold stimulation at 4 ℃ for 10 hours，the expression levels of BAT marker genes and proteins were detected by real time PCR and Western blot. @*Results@#Overexpression of CTRP9 induced by cold stimulation significantly increased the mRNA level of iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (Dio2) in BAT (P＜0. 01) ．Additionally，there was no significant difference in the expression of BAT marker genes ( UCP-1，PGC-1 α , PRDM16 and ARβ3) ，and liposynthesis and lipolysis related genes (PPARγ , HSL and ATGL) ．Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) protein expression was upregualted in Ad-CTRP9 compared to the Ad-GFP control group ，while the expression of lipolysis related protein adipose triglyceride lipase ( ATGL) decreased significantly (P＜0. 05) ．@*Conclusion@#In cold environment，overexpression of CTRP9 promotes the accumulation of UCP-1 protein in BAT，upregulates the expression of thyroid hormone signal related gene Dio2，and inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis to maintain a constant body temperature.
الملخص
ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Jingzhou from 2016 to 2021， so as to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in this region， and effectively protect people's health. MethodsData of influenza-like illness （ILI） and pathogen surveillance in Jingzhou during 2016‒2021 were collected and statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 46 272 ILI cases were reported from two hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2016 to 2021. The difference in the constituent ratio of ILI was statistically significant among different age groups （P<0.05）. A total of 12 812 specimens were collected from two hospitals for influenza surveillance. A total of 1 513 cases were RNA positive，and the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 11.81％. The RNA positive specimens were mainly B （Victoria）， accounting for 39.33％. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acids and different types of influenza virus nucleic acids among different years （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe influenza epidemic in Jingzhou peaks in winter and spring， and the new A （H1），A （H3）， B （Victoria） and B （Yamagata） types alternate and mixed epidemics dominate.
الملخص
Objective:To explore the differences of clinical features and surgical efficacy between the elderly and the middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area.Methods:Forty-three elderly patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area (≥60 years old) and 63 middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area (18-59 years old), accepted surgery in Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020, were chosen. The differences of symptom, gross tumor volume, peritumoral edema degrees, intraoperative blood loss, tumor resection degrees, complications, and hospital stays between the 2 groups were analyzed.Results:The elderly patients had significantly higher proportion of preoperative muscle strength decline, lower proportion of preoperative headache, larger preoperative tumor volume, more severe peritumoral edema degrees before and after surgery, small volume of intraoperative blood loss, and longer hospital stays compared with the middle-aged and young patients ( P<0.05). However, no significant differences in distributions of tumor resection Simpson grades, proportion of new neurological dysfunction, incidence of postoperative complications, and proportions of reoperations and tumor recurrence were noted between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Significant difference in distributions of peritumoral edema degrees among patients with different WHO grades was noted in the elderly group ( P<0.05), and significant difference in distribution of peritumoral edema degrees among patients with different tumor volumes was noted in the middle-aged and young group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Although differences in clinical characteristics exist between the elderly and the middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area, no significant difference in surgical efficacy is noted between the 2 groups. The peritumoral edema degree in the elderly patients is related to tumor pathological grades, while that in middle-aged and young patients is related to tumor volumes.
الملخص
The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.
الملخص
@#Objective To analyze the surgical results of patients with supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in a single pediatric cardiac center. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 98 pediatric patients with supracardiac TAPVC receiving surgical repair from 2014 to 2019 in our center. There were 64 males and 34 females with a median surgical age of 3.0 (1.5, 7.0) months and a median weight of 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) kg. Twenty-three (23.5%) patients had preoperative pulmonary vein obstruction. Ninety-two (93.9%) patients received conventional surgical repair, while six (6.1%) patients were treated with the sutureless technique. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the data. Results The median follow-up time was 26.50 (5.75, 44.25) months. There were 9 (9.2%) deaths. Lower weight at the time of repair (P=0.013) and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (P=0.007) were associated with mortality. Postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction was observed in 8 (8.2%) patients. Associated risk factors for postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction included lower weight at the time of repair (P=0.042) and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (P=0.002). Conclusion Surgical repair of supracardiac TAPVC has achieved satisfactory results in our center. Risk factors such as lower weight at the time of repair and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time are associated with a poor prognosis.
الملخص
@#Objective To introduce a modified sutureless technique and its surgical results in the treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Methods Clinical data of 11 patients with TAPVC who underwent the modified sutureless technique treatment from 2014 to 2019 in our center were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 males and 7 females. The median surgical age was 1.4 (0.3, 27.0) months. The median weight was 4.3 (3.5, 8.5) kg. Six (54.5%) patients were of supracardiac subtype, and five (45.5%) patients were of infracardiac subtype. Five (45.5%) patients had preoperative severe pulmonary hypertension, and three (27.3%) patients had preoperative pulmonary vein obstruction. The surgical results were compared with those of 10 patients treated with conventional surgical technique. Results The median follow-up was 12 (range, 1-65) months. During the follow-up, no death or postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction occurred in the modified sutureless technique group. The perioperative data and relief of re-obstruction were superior in the modified sutureless technique group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The postoperative survival of the the modified sutureless technique group was better than that of the traditional surgery group (P=0.049). Conclusion The modified sutureless technique which includes partial suture and then incising, and eversion of pulmonary vein incision, is a safe and reliable method for the treatment of TAPVC with satisfactory short-term results.
الملخص
【Objective】 To analyze the risk factors of unplanned reintubation after the surgery of acute type A aortic dissection （ATAAD） and assess its predictive value. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 69 ATAAD patients， who underwent surgery in our department from January 2021 to June 2021， were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The operation procedure was performed based on the extent of dissection involved and the characteristics of aortic root lesions. The patients were divided into three groups based on whether weaning off ventilator and whether reintubation after weaning off. Perioperative and operative factors were compared among the three groups. 【Results】 The duration of surgery and circulatory arrest time were much longer in subjects of reintubation and those who did not wean off ventilator （P=0.005 and 0.036， respectively）. Compared to the group in which patients successfully weaned off ventilator， the first intubation time after surgery was longer ［（27.8（13.2， 71.1） h vs. 88.4（34.3， 114.9） h， P=0.013）］ and the use rate of non-invasive ventilator （NIV） was higher in reintubation group （P 7 h and the use of NIV could well predict the occurrence of unplanned reintubation. The area under ROC curve was 0.838 （95% CI： 0.729， 0.916）， the sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 84.2%， respectively. 【Conclusion】 Surgery duration and the need of NIV support were risk factors for unplanned reintubation after ATAAD.
الملخص
Objective:To evaluate the effect of inhalation of sevoflurane during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on early postoperative brain injury in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.Methods:Forty-two American Society of Anesthesiaologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of either sex, aged 40-70 yr, weighing 47-86 kg, scheduled for elective single valve replacement under CPB, were divided into 3 groups ( n=14 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia group (group CA) and sevoflurane group (group S). During CPB, propofol 4-6 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused in group C, propofol 2-3 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused, and 0.5 MAC sevoflurane was inhaled via the membrane oxygenator in group CA, and 1.0-1.5 MAC sevoflurane was inhaled via the membrane oxygenator in group S. The anesthesia and sedation index values were maintained at 40-60 during operation in the three groups.Blood samples were taken from arteries before anesthesia induction (T 1), at 30 min and 6 and 24 h after termination of CPB (T 2-4) for determination of plasma concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and Tau protein. Results:Compared with group C, the plasma concentration of NSE was significantly decreased at T 2, 3, and plasma concentration of Tau protein was decreased at T 2-4 in group S, and the plasma concentration of Tau protein was decreased at T 2 in group CA ( P<0.05). Compared with group CA, the plasma concentration of NSE was significantly decreased at T 2, 3, and the plasma concentration of Tau protein was decreased at T 2-4 in group S ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhalation of sevoflurane during CPB can reduce early postoperative brain injury to a certain extent in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.
الملخص
To assess the treatment effectiveness of vital inflamed pulp therapy (VIPT) in immature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis. The faculty members in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, the Ninth People's Hospital were invited to submit consecutive VIPT cases from June 2015 to June 2016 (follow-up periods>12 months). The cases were retrospectively reviewed, clinical symptoms and radiographic changes in periapical radiolucency were evaluated, meanwhile, the data of radiographic changes such as apical diameter and root length were calculated and analyzed with ANOVA. Totally thirteen submitted patients/cases were included (6 males and 7 females) in the present study,. The average age of patients was (9.9±1.4) years old. The average follow-up time was (26.5±6.8) months (17-37 months). At the 12-month visit, all 13 treated teeth survived, 9 out of 11 teeth with apical periodontitis showed normal radiographic manifestation. At the 3, 6 and 12 months visits, the within-case percentage changes in apical diameter were (8.0±5.1)%, (24.1±9.1)% and (70.3±10.7)%, respectively, while the within-case percentage changes in root length were (11.4±9.8)%, (14.5±9.8)% and (27.4±14.2)%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the changes of apical diameter (F=18.80, P<0.001) and root length (F=4.64, P=0.047) from the preoperative time to the postoperative follow-ups. VIPT might improve clinical outcomes, even achieve continued root development. VIPT can be an option in treating immature teeth with irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis.
الموضوعات
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Dentition, Permanent , Periapical Periodontitis/therapy , Pulpitis/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Root Canal Therapyالملخص
@#We reported a case of a six-year-old boy diagnosed of single ventricle, pulmonary atresia and interrupted inferior vena cava. After modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and bidirectional Glenn procedure, he received the Fontan procedure. The Fontan procedure was done through a unilateral thoracotomy, using an autologous pericardial conduit to connect hepatic vein and azygos vein. The result of short-term follow-up was satisfactory.
الملخص
A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.
الملخص
A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.
الملخص
Objective:To study the effect of modified Erchentang on levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-9 (IL-9), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of all rats, as well as expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor (IL-4R1) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor (IL-13RA1) in bronchioles tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Method:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely normal group, model group, and low, middle and high-dose modified Erchentang groups (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1), with 10 rats in each group. COPD in rat was prepared by using cigarette smoke combined with dripping lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in trachea. After the modeling, normal and model groups were given normal saline solution through intragastric (ig) administration, while other groups were given corresponding herbal drugs (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1) intragastrically (ig) for 14 days. The levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method， and immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue of all of the groups. Result:Compared with the normal group, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were decreased significantly (P<0.01), but the levels of IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue were increased significantly (P<0.01) in model group. Compared with the model group, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were increased significantly, while the levels of IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF were decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in modified Erchentang groups (10, 20 g·kg-1). Conclusion:Modified Erchentang has effects in resisting inflammatory and protecting tissue structure of bronchioles. Its mechanism may be correlated with increasing the levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and reducing the levels of IL-9, IL-4 and IL-13 in plasma and BALF, and inhibiting the expressions of IL-4R1 and IL-13RA1 in bronchioles tissue.
الملخص
Objective:To observe the effect of modified Erchentang on the expression of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8-CXC chemotaxis factor receptor (CXCR) 1/2 genes in the lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in order to explore the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of Erchentang on COPD. Method:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Jizhi syrup group and modified Erchentang group. COPD models in rats were prepared by cigarette smoke and dripping lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the trachea. After modeling, normal and model groups were intragastrically given normal saline solution, Jizhi syrup group was given Jizhi syrup（10 g·kg-1），and modified Erchentang group was given intragastrically corresponding herbal drugs (10 g·kg-1) for 14 days. The levels of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The mRNA expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were detected by quantitative real time PCR (Real-time PCR). Western blot was used to detect the levels of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein, the pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,and immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein in the lung tissue of all the groups. Result:The levels of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8 in rats BALF were increased significantly (P<0.01), the expressions of CXCL8，CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein were increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) in model group compared with normal group. Compared with model group, the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the levels of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8 in rats BALF were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in modified Erchentang. Conclusion:Modified Erchentang has an anti-inflammatory effect on COPD. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1, CXCR2 mRNA and protein, and reducing the release of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8.
الملخص
Objective To observe the destructive effects of chlorine disinfectants on the nucleic acid of novel coronavirus, and to assess the feasibility of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology for the evaluation of the disinfection effect of novel coronavirus. Methods A suspension quantitative inactivation test was used to observe the inactivation effects of different concentrations of chlorine containing disinfectants and different action times on the novel coronavirus. RT-PCR method was used to detect novel coronavirus nucleic acid for the disinfection effect evaluation. Results The chlorine disinfectants of 1 000 mg/L and 2 000 mg/L could destroy the nucleic acid of ew coronavirusafter application for over 30s. The chlorine disinfectant of 750 mg/L could destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirusafter application for over 15min. Chlorine disinfectant of 500 mg/L could not completely destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirusafter 30 min action. Conclusion The disinfection method stipulated in the national prevention and control plan using 1 000mg / L effective chlorine for the epidemic sites of new coronavirus for 30 minutes could completely destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirus. The Real-time quantitative PCR can be used to evaluate the disinfection effect of new coronavirus.
الملخص
Objective To establish an analysis method for simultaneous determination of 13 sedative substances and their metabolites in blood by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） technology and to apply the method to actual cases. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate after an internal standard was added. The extract was condensed until it was nearly dry and then its residues were dissolved with methanol, filtered through 0.22 μm filter and finally determined. The 13 sedative substances and their metabolites were separated through the C18 chromatographic column, then gradient elution was performed on them with methanol and 20 mmol/L ammonium formate （containing 0.1% formic acid） solution. After that, they were determined in the electrospray positive ion mode and quantified by internal standard method. Results The 13 sedative substances and their metabolites in blood showed good linearity in the range of 5-200 μg/L with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.990 3 to 0.999 8. The detection limits were 0.1-1.0 μg/L. Recovery rates of sedative substances were in the range of 71.2%-93.4% when solutions with concentrations of 10, 50 and 200 μg/L were added. The deviations of intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations （RSD） were not more than 8.6%. Accuracies （bias） were within ±9.8%. Conclusion This method is rapid, simple, effective and sensitive, and can be applied to analysis of 13 sedative substances and their metabolites in blood in forensic toxicology.