الملخص
Os grupos em saúde nascem para fomentar práticas coletivas de saúde, tendo se expandido para a atenção básica, encontrando ressonância na promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida. Baseados nas teorias de Pichon-Rivière e de Yalom e Leszcz, esses grupos são capazes de contribuir para mudanças significativas na qualidade de vida de seus usuários participantes. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições dos grupos operativos da atenção primária à saúde a partir da visão de seus usuários e compreender a operacionalização desses grupos. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e analítica de caráter qualitativo, realizada em quatro grupos operativos em saúde da atenção básica de um município do Rio Grande do Norte, no interior do semiárido nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por questionário socioeconômico e grupos focais entre março e agosto de 2023, sendo utilizada estatística descritiva para os questionários e análise temática de conteúdo para os grupos focais. Os questionários revelaram um predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino, com faixa etária acima dos 60 anos e situação socioeconômica de baixa renda. A análise de conteúdo demonstrou a efetividade dos grupos em produzir vetores grupais e fatores terapêuticos, além de seu potencial, como campo para a educação popular em saúde, em fomentar as redes sociais, o apoio, o acolhimento e o bem-estar biopsicossocial. Os grupos em saúde são estratégias eficazes na promoção da saúde e na qualidade de vida. Entretanto, ressalta-se a necessidade de pesquisas que avaliem a eficácia global dos grupos nos processos de morbimortalidade.
Health care groups were created to promote collective health practices and were expanded into Primary Care, helping to promote health and quality of life. Based on the theories of Pichon-Rivière and Yalom and Lezscz, these groups can contribute to significant changes in the quality of life of their participating users. Thus, this article analyzes the contributions of Primary Health Care operating groups from users' perspective and understands their operationalization. A descriptive analytical qualitative research was conducted with four health operating groups in Primary Care from a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte, in the semi-arid northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by means of a socioeconomic questionnaire and focus groups between March and August 2023, and investigated using descriptive statistics (questionnaires) and thematic content analysis (focus groups). The questionnaires revealed a predominance of female participants over 60 years old and with low-income socioeconomic status. Content analysis showed the groups' effectiveness in producing group vectors and therapeutic factors, as well as their potential as a field for popular health education in fostering social networks, support, user embracement, and biopsychosocial well-being. Health groups are effective strategies for promoting health and quality of life, future research should evaluate their global effectiveness in morbidity and mortality.
Los grupos de salud se crearon para promover prácticas de salud colectiva y se expandieron a la atención primaria, repercutiendo en la promoción de la salud y la calidad de vida. Basados en las teorías de Pichon-Rivière y Yalom y Lezscz, los grupos son capaces de contribuir a cambios significativos en la calidad de vida de sus usuarios participantes. Este artículo tuvo por objetivo analizar las contribuciones de los grupos operativos de atención primaria de la salud desde la perspectiva de sus usuarios, así como comprender la operacionalización de estos grupos. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y analítica, realizada en cuatro grupos operativos de salud en atención primaria de un municipio de Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil), en el interior de la región semiárida del Nordeste de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron de un cuestionario socioeconómico y de grupos focales en el período entre marzo y agosto de 2023, utilizando estadística descriptiva para los cuestionarios y análisis de contenido temático para los grupos focales. Los cuestionarios revelaron un predominio de los participantes del sexo femenino, mayores de 60 años y con nivel socioeconómico de bajos ingresos. El análisis de contenido demostró la eficacia de los grupos en la producción de vectores grupales y factores terapéuticos, además de su potencial como campo de educación popular en salud para fomentar redes sociales, apoyo, acogida y bienestar biopsicosocial. Los grupos de salud son estrategias efectivas para promover la salud y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, se destaca la necesidad de investigaciones que evalúen la efectividad global de los grupos en los procesos de morbimortalidad.
الملخص
Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of group counseling integrating teadrinking on depression, social avoidance and distress, coping styles and selfesteem among college students, so as to provide references for promoting the psychological health of students.@*Methods@#From March to June 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 46 college students from a university in Nanjing for intervention project. There were 23 students in intervention group and control group, respectively. The intervention was conducted for 2.5 hours per week across a 6 week period. The intervention group received two sessions of group counseling that incorporated teadrinking experience, and the sessions involved tea knowledge explanation, observation and learning, embodied experience, emotional expression, interpersonal assistance and emotional support, cultural customs and life integration. After the intervention was completed, the control group received onetime group counseling that integrated teadrinking. The Wilcoxon difference test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to compare the scores of each scale within and between the groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group (Z=-1.20, -0.33, -0.35, 1.31,P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in positive coping styles, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group after the intervention(27.70±5.60,22.05±4.30;30.52±3.63,28.27±4.06;7.43±7.38,13.64±6.79) (Z=-3.31, -2.10, 3.22, P<0.05). The intervention group showed statistically significant differences in social avoidance and distress scores before and after the intervention(11.96±7.47,7.43±7.38) (Z=-2.88), and the depression detection rate decreased(60.9%,30.4%) (χ2=4.29) (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress scores, and depression detection rate between the control group before and after the intervention (Z/χ2=-0.28, -0.42, -1.24, -1.25;1.39, P>0.05). The followup results 1year later showed that there was a statistically significant difference in social avoidance and distress(6.57±6.21,14.16±9.22), and in the detection rates of depression(21.7%,52.2%) between the intervention group and the control group (Z/χ2=2.70,4.57,P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Group counseling integrating teadrinking could improve interpersonal relationships, emotional states, selfesteem levels and coping strategies among college students. Group psychological counseling that incorporates teadrinking can be adopted to improve the mental health status of college students.
الملخص
Objective@#To explore the influence of group psychological counseling on the mental health of children with mother s authoritarian parenting.@*Methods@#From November 2022 to February 2023, 76 students from grades 4 to 6 whose mother showed authoritarian parenting style, while fathers adopted no authoritative, authoritarian or democratic parenting style and who scored ≥65 on the total MHT were selected using the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PBI) and the Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT). All the participants and their mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Before and after the intervention, participants filled out questionnaires on parental bonding instrument and mental health test. Control group: regular delivery of mental health education information, 2 times per week, for 8 weeks, without any other intervention. Intervention group: group counseling activities were conducted once a week. Each intervention lasted 1.5-2 hours and lasts for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants filled in the family parenting style and mental health screening questionnaires.@*Results@#After the intervention, compared with the control group, students in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the total scale score of the MHT, learning anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendency, physical symptoms, fear tendency, and impulsive tendency ( t=-0.43, -1.04 , -0.81, P >0.05). After intervention, the intervention group students showed a significant decrease in psychological diagnosis test scores, learning anxiety, anxiety towards others, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, phobic tendencies, and impulsive tendencies compared to the control group students ( t=-20.00, -5.06, -2.09, -3.36, -6.15, -4.76, -5.15, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Rregular group psychological counseling can effectively improve the academic anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, fearful and impulsive tendencies of students whose mothers with authoritarian parenting style, and greatly improve their mental health.
الملخص
A família exerce papel crucial no desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil. Entretanto, muitos familiares carecem de conhecimentos voltados a aspectos da linguagem, sendo contundente instruí-los. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência da realização de um grupo de orientações em linguagem infantil para familiares de crianças em acompanhamento do Crescimento e Desenvolvimento na Unidade Básica de Saúde Maria das Graças dos Santos, no município de Jucurutu (RN). Trata-se de um relato de experiência constituído pela execução de quatro encontros do grupo operativo intitulado "Crescimento, Desenvolvimento e Fonoaudiologia" (CD e F), a partir da aplicação de estratégias ativas no delineamento de cada etapa. A experiência contou com a participação média de sete familiares, em sua maioria, mães. Os encontros favoreceram a ocorrência de momentos dialógicos satisfatórios, à luz da linguagem infantil e de aspectos correlatos, estimulando a atenção familiar e o acesso a informações substanciais. Os envolvidos consideraram a intervenção grupal positiva, que, por sua vez, deverá ser continuada e expandida no município. A implantação do grupo "CD e F" configura-se como ferramenta potencial de capacitação familiar e alternativa para a prática fonoaudiológica na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
The family presents a crucial paper in the development of child language. However, many family members lack knowledge related to language aspects, making orientation important. This study aims to report the experience of carrying out an orientation group in child language for family members of children that are in monitoring of Growth and Development in the Unidade Básica de Saúde Maria das Graças dos Santos, in Jucurutu (RN) city. This is an experience report consisting of the execution of four meetings of the operative group entitled "Crescimento, Desenvolvimento e Fonoaudiologia" (CD e F), based on the application of active strategies in the design of each stage. The experience had the average participation of seven family members, mostly mothers. The meetings favored the occurrence of satisfactory dialogical moments, in light of child language and related aspects, stimulating family attention and access to substantial information. Those involved considered the group intervention positive, which in turn should be continued and expanded in the city. The implementation of the "CD e F" group is a potential tool for family training and an alternative for speech therapy practice in Primary Health Care.
الموضوعات
Primary Health Care , Child Language , Family , Health Educationالملخص
RESUMO: Objetivo: construir e validar um cenário de simulação clínica voltado para o ensino do gerenciamento de conflitos para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Método: estudo metodológico no qual construiu-se um cenário de gerenciamento de conflitos, na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, em 2022, a partir da revisão de literatura e da experiência pedagógica dos pesquisadores. Realizou-se validação de conteúdo com juízes da área por meio da técnica Delphi. Os dados foram analisados com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC>80%). Resultados: o cenário descreve a cena de um estagiário de enfermagem que solicita ao técnico de enfermagem realizar um banho no leito de um paciente. Tal fato é permeado por conflitos interpessoais. A validação de conteúdo contou com oito experts em simulação clínica e dois estudantes de enfermagem. Houve três "rounds", chegando ao IVC 100%. Conclusão: o cenário construído foi validado e contribuirá para o ensino prático desta competência na graduação.
ABSTRACT Objective: Develop and validate a clinical simulation scenario for undergrad nursing students to learn conflict management. Method: Methodological study in which a conflict management scenario was constructed in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in 2022, based on the literature review and the pedagogical experience of the researchers. Content validation was carried out with judges in the field using the Delphi technique. The data was analyzed with a Content Validity Index (CVI>80%). Results: The scenario describes the scene of a nursing trainee asking the nursing technician to bathe a patient in bed. This is permeated by interpersonal conflicts. The content validation involved eight experts in clinical simulation and two nursing students. There were three "rounds," reaching IVC 100%. Conclusion: The scenario was validated and will contribute to the practical teaching of this skill in undergraduate courses.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un escenario de simulación clínica destinado a enseñar la gestión de conflictos a estudiantes universitarios de enfermería. Método: Estudio metodológico en el que se construyó un escenario de gestión de conflictos en la ciudad de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, en 2022, a partir de la revisión bibliográfica y de la experiencia pedagógica de los investigadores. La validación del contenido se llevó a cabo con jueces sobre el terreno mediante la técnica Delphi. Los datos se analizaron con un Índice de Validez del Contenido (IVC>80%). Resultados: el escenario describe la escena de un practicante de enfermería que pide al técnico de enfermería que bañe a un paciente en la cama. Esto está impregnado de conflictos interpersonales. En la validación del contenido participaron ocho expertos en simulación clínica y dos estudiantes de enfermería. Hubo tres rondas, alcanzando el IVC al 100%. Conclusión: el escenario fue validado y contribuirá a la enseñanza práctica de esta habilidad en los cursos de licenciatura.
الملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the challenges of care practice with group interventions Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs. Method: qualitative intervention research developed with 30 professionals from four Alcohol and Psychosocial Drug Care Centers in a municipality in central Brazil from March to April 2019. We used a professional characterization instrument and conversation wheels to collect data that were submitted to the thematic modality of content analysis. Results: some challenges that permeate the practice with group interventions in CAPSad were evidenced, from the professionals' perspective, such as inadequate physical structure and scarcity of material resources; issues related to aspects of users such as difficulty in adhesion and commitment to groups, incompatible work schedules and lack of financial resources for travel to the centers; factors related to the competence of professionals as not having affinity to work with groups, absence of specific training, prioritization of other practices, demotivation, absence of care records and difficulty in performing the patient discharge and; aspects of work processes such as outpatient organizational culture, very high demand, insufficient human resources, lack of external supervision, few offers of therapeutic groups and lack of criteria for the definition of group coordinators. Conclusion: the challenges experienced include issues of inadequate physical structure and deficient material resources, difficulties related to the life contexts of users, competence of professionals and factors of the work processes of the services.
RESUMEN Objetivo comprender los desafíos de la práctica asistencial con intervenciones grupales en Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas. Método investigación de intervención desarrollada con 30 profesionales de cuatro Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas de un municipio del centro de Brasil de marzo a abril de 2019. Utilizamos un instrumento de caracterización profesional y ruedas de conversación para recolectar datos que fueron sometidos a la modalidad temática de análisis de contenido. Resultados: se evidenciaron algunos desafíos que permean la práctica con intervenciones grupales en CAPSad, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales, como estructura física inadecuada y escasez de recursos materiales; cuestiones relacionadas con aspectos de los usuarios como dificultad para incorporar y compromiso de grupos, jornada laboral incompatible y falta de recursos económicos para desplazamiento al servicio; factores d la competencia de los profesionales como no tener afinidad para trabajar con grupos, ausencia de formación específica, priorización de otras prácticas, desmotivación, ausencia de registros de atención y dificultad en la realización del alta de los usuarios y; aspectos de los procesos de trabajo como cultura organizacional ambulatoria, demanda muy grande, recursos humanos insuficientes, falta de supervisión externa, pocas ofertas de grupos terapéuticos y falta de criterio para la definición de coordinadores de grupo. Conclusión: lo vivido incluye cuestiones de estructura física inadecuada y recursos materiales deficientes, desafíos relacionados con los contextos de vida de los usuarios, competencia de los profesionales y factores de los procesos de trabajo de los servicios.
RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os desafios da prática assistencial com intervenções grupais em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas. Método: pesquisa-intervenção de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida com 30 profissionais de quatro Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas de um município da região central do Brasil de março e abril de 2019. Utilizou-se instrumento de caracterização profissiográfica e rodas de conversa para coleta de dados que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se alguns desafios que permeiam a prática com intervenções grupais em CAPSad, sob a ótica dos profissionais, como estrutura física inadequada e escassez de recursos materiais; questões ligadas a aspectos dos usuários como a dificuldade de adesão e comprometimento com os grupos, agenda de trabalho incompatível e falta de recursos financeiros para deslocamento ao serviço; fatores da competência dos profissionais como não ter afinidade de trabalhar com grupos, ausência de formação específica, priorização de outras práticas, desmotivação, ausência de registros dos atendimentos e dificuldade de realizar a alta dos usuários e; aspectos dos processos de trabalho como cultura organizacional ambulatorial, demanda muito grande, recursos humanos insuficientes, falta de supervisão externa, poucas ofertas de grupos terapêuticos e ausência de critérios para a definição de coordenadores de grupos. Conclusão: os desafios vivenciados englobam questões de estrutura física inadequada e recursos materiais deficitários, dificuldades ligadas aos contextos de vida dos usuários, competência dos profissionais e fatores dos processos de trabalho dos serviços.
الملخص
RESUMO Este artigo parte da compreensão de interdisciplinaridade como modo de operar face às visões fragmentadas presentes nos processos de produção e de socialização do conhecimento. Objetiva compartilhar reflexões que problematizam a interdisciplinaridade a partir da experiência de formação acadêmica na pós-graduação de um grupo de pesquisa cujos integrantes expressam diversidade de formação e inserção profissional e se debruçam sobre relações entre políticas públicas, saúde e necessidades das pessoas. As reflexões foram elaboradas com base em questões emergentes nos encontros sistemáticos do grupo, que foi tomado como estratégia teórico-metodológica, e sustentadas a partir do diálogo entre saúde coletiva, como campo de saber e de prática, e psicologia social da práxis, formulada por Enrique Pichon-Rivière. O eixo articulador dessa experiência é a formação em sentido amplo que se manifesta pelo princípio de indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão, i.e., aprender-investigar-fazer, e como autoformação em um processo mútuo e de ação reflexiva, de aprender a aprender. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se que é metaformação e só pode se dar na perspectiva de diálogos de saberes e interdisciplinares.
ABSTRACT This article is based on the understanding of interdisciplinarity as a way to act against the fragmented visions present in the processes of knowledge production and socialization. The objective is to share reflections that problematize interdisciplinarity from the experience of graduate academic training in a research group whose members have diverse training and professional fields and focus on the relationships between public policy, health and human needs. The reflections were based on issues that emerged during the group's systematic meetings, and the group was understood as a theoretical and methodological strategy, and was sustained by the dialogue between collective health as a field of knowledge and practice, and the social psychology of praxis, formulated by Enrique Pichon-Rivière. The articulating axis of this experience is training in its broadest sense, manifested on the principle of the inseparability of (i.e., learning-research-doing) and as self-training in a mutual process of reflective teaching-research-outreach action, of learning how to learn. In this sense, it is argued that it is a metatraining that can only take place from the perspective of knowledge dialogues and interdisciplinarity.
الملخص
Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar a experiência de coordenação e observação de grupo operativo de perspectiva psicanalítica. Foram realizados doze encontros, semanalmente, com monitores de recreação em uma instituição psiquiátrica do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foi possível compreender os benefícios na condução do movimento grupal a partir da análise das intertransferências. As reflexões entre coordenador e observador após as sessões contribuíram para pensar as próprias resistências ao grupo, permitindo melhor manejo e compreensão simbólica da relação coordenação e grupo.
This paper aims to report the experience of coordination and observation of an operative group from a psychoanalytic perspective. Twelve weekly meetings were held with recreation monitors in a psychiatric institution in the interior of the state of São Paulo. It was possible to understand the benefits in the conduction of group movement from the analysis of the intertransferences. The reflections between coordinator and observer after the sessions contributed to think about their own resistances to the group, allowing better management and symbolic understanding of the relationship between coordination and group.
Este estudio pretende informar de la experiencia de coordinación y observación de un grupo operativo desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica. Se realizaron doce reuniones semanales con monitores de recreación en una institución psiquiátrica del interior del estado de São Paulo. A partir del análisis de las intertransferencias fue posible comprender los beneficios en la conducción del movimiento grupal. Las reflexiones entre el coordinador y el observador después de las sesiones contribuyeron a pensar en las propias resistencias del grupo, permitiendo una mejor gestión y comprensión simbólica de la relación entre coordinación y grupo.
الموضوعات
Humans , Psychoanalysis , Group Processes , Leisure Activitiesالملخص
Objetivo: identificar e analisar a presença dos fatores terapêuticos nos atendimentos em sala de espera em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, na perspectiva dos coordenadores e membros do grupo. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do tipo convergente assistencial realizada com 14 pessoas. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais, instrumento tipo check-list com base no Q-sort de fatores terapêuticos de Yalom e observação participante. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e organizados com o software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: no decorrer dos encontros, tanto na perspectiva das coordenadoras e dos integrantes do grupo, foram identificados os mesmos fatores terapêuticos: instilação de esperança, universalidade, compartilhamento de informações, aprendizagem interpessoal, coesão grupal, fatores existenciais, altruísmo, desenvolvimento de técnicas de socialização e comportamento imitativo. Conclusão: reconhece-se o valor dos atendimentos em sala de espera, contribuindo significativamente no trajeto terapêutico de seus participantes.
Objective: to identify and analyze the presence of therapeutic factors in care in the waiting room at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs, from the perspective of coordinators and group members. Method: a qualitative approach research of the convergent care type carried out with 14 people. Data collection took place through individual interviews, a checklist-type instrument based on Yalom's Q-sort of therapeutic factors and participant observation. Data were subjected to thematic analysis and organized with the ATLAS.ti software. Results: During the meetings, both from the perspective of the coordinators and the group members, the same therapeutic factors were identified: instillation of hope, universality, information sharing, interpersonal learning, group cohesion, existential factors, altruism, development of socialization techniques and imitative behavior. Conclusion: the value of care in the waiting room is recognized, significantly contributing to the therapeutic path of its participants.
الموضوعات
Community Mental Health Services , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitationالملخص
Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa qualitativa foi investigar as concepções teóricas dos trabalhadores sobre o grupo bem como analisar os fatores impulsores e restritivos da prática terapêutica grupal nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Participaram do estudo 66 trabalhadores de CAPS e ambulatórios da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) de 23 municípios do estado de Goiás. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário estruturado e entrevista grupal registrada em gravação de áudio e fotografias. Da análise temática dos dados emergiram o conceito do que o grupo é e do que o grupo não é. Tanto no eixo das forças impulsoras, quanto das forças restritivas, as categorias foram organizadas em três blocos de análise: aspectos relacionados ao serviço, aos profissionais e aos usuários. Aspectos relacionais, estruturais, terapêuticos e a competência profissional para a coordenação de grupo se integram de modo antagônico, complementar e indissociável para apreensão da realidade estudada. Conclui-se que evidenciar os aspectos restritivos que precisam ser reconhecidos e aprimorados bem como os impulsores que precisam ser mantidos e potencializados pode contribuir ativamente para ampliar a capacidade terapêutica do uso da tecnologia grupal no contexto da saúde mental.
Abstract This qualitative research aimed to investigate workers' theoretical conceptions regarding group work and analyze the driving and restrictive factors of group therapeutic practice in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS). Sixty-six workers from CAPS and outpatient clinics from the Psychosocial Care Network from twenty-three municipalities in the State of Goiás participated in the study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and a group interview audio-recorded and documented with photographs. The concept of what the group is and is not emerged from the thematic analysis of the data. The categories were organized into three analysis blocks concerning driving and restrictive forces: service-related, professional-related, and user-related. Relational, structural, and therapeutic aspects and professional competence for group coordination are integrated in an antagonistic, complementary, and inseparable way to apprehend the studied reality. We conclude that highlighting the restrictive aspects that must be recognized and improved and the drivers that must be maintained and enhanced can actively contribute to expanding the therapeutic capacity related to the use of group technology in mental health.
الموضوعات
Humans , Psychiatric Rehabilitation , Group Practice , Mental Health Services , Mental Health , Qualitative Researchالملخص
Resumo Objetivo analisar as potencialidades das intervenções grupais em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas na perspectiva dos profissionais. Método pesquisa-intervenção de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 30 profissionais de saúde mental de quatro Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas da região central do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumentos autoaplicáveis e rodas de conversa com roteiro semiestruturado. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade Temática, com o auxílio dosoftware ATLAS.ti. Resultados a categoria temática Potencialidades das intervenções grupais contemplou quatro subcategorias que abordaram aspectos relacionados à estrutura física, aos recursos materiais, aos aspectos dos usuários, aos profissionais e aos processos de trabalho. Considerações finais e as implicações para a prática a potência da prática com grupos estava presente em grande parte dos atendimentos nos serviços pesquisados com a identificação de inúmeros fatores terapêuticos aos usuários. As intervenções aumentaram a fluidez dos processos de trabalho, razão pela qual necessitam ser mais difundidas e implementadas pelas equipes multidisciplinares nos serviços de saúde mental.
Resumen Objetivo analizar el potencial de las intervenciones grupales en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales. Método investigación de intervención con enfoque cualitativo. Participaron treinta profesionales de la salud mental de cuatro Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas de la región central de Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron a través de instrumentos autoadministrados y ruedas de conversación, con un guión semiestructurado. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido, modalidad temática, con la ayuda del software ATLAS.ti. Resultados la categoría temática Potenciales de intervenciones grupales incluyó cuatro subcategorías que abordaron aspectos relacionados con la estructura física, recursos materiales, aspectos de usuarios, profesionales y procesos de trabajo. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica el poder de la práctica con grupos estuvo presente en gran parte de las consultas en los servicios encuestados, identificando numerosos factores terapéuticos para los usuarios. Las intervenciones aumentaron la fluidez de los procesos de trabajo, por lo que necesitan ser más generalizadas e implementadas por equipos multidisciplinares en los servicios de salud mental.
Abstract Objective to analyze the potential of group interventions in Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs from the perspective of professionals. Method intervention-research of qualitative approach. Thirty mental health professionals from four Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in the central region of Brazil participated. The data was collected through self-applied instruments and conversation rounds with a semi-structured script. For data analysis, we used Content Analysis, Thematic modality, with the help of the ATLAS.ti software. Results the thematic category Potential of group interventions contemplated four subcategories that approached aspects related to the physical structure, material resources, user aspects, professionals and work processes. Final considerations and implications for practice the power of the practice with groups was present in much of the care in the services researched with the identification of numerous therapeutic factors for users. The interventions increased the fluidity of the work processes, which is why they need to be more widespread and implemented by multidisciplinary teams in mental health services.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Patient Care Team , Group Processes , Mental Health Services , Self-Help Groups , Qualitative Research , User Embracement , Mental Health Assistance , Psychiatric Rehabilitation/psychology , Interprofessional Relationsالملخص
Objective@#To explore effectiveness of exercise intervention and group cognitive therapy on mobile phone dependence in college students.@*Methods@#A total of 762 college students from a university in Wuhan were selected through random cluster sampling method in Oct. 2019. Among them, 126 students with higher risk for mobile phone dependence were selected as experimental group which were assigned to four groups:open exercise group(basketball,31),close exercise group(baduanjin,31), group cognitive group(30) and control group(34). The exercise group attended 60 min intervention twice a week for 10 weeks. The effectiveness was evaluated through the changes in the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI).@*Results@#The 10week exercise and group based cognitive therapy intervention can improve mobile phone dependence behavior among college students ( F group= 4.54, F time = 3.67, P <0.05). Among them, the open exercise group and the group cognitive therapy group showed slightly better effects( t= 0.06, P >0.05). In the follow up visit two months after intervention, no significant difference between the closed exercise group and the post test results( t=1.23, P >0.05). In the dimensions of out of control and withdrawal, the open exercise was more effective than the closed exercise intervention( t=2.58, 2.67, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Open exercise group has similar effect on improvement in mobile phone dependence with group cognitive therapy among college students, while closed exercise intervention shows better long term effect.
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Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of painting group counseling intervention on problem behavior and the quality of parent child relationship in primary school students.@*Methods@#The problem behaviors of grade fouth primary school students were screened and compared with the norm. Two classes were randomly selected as the intervention group and control group, respectively. Intervention group received for an 8 week painting group counseling experiment. Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale, Problem Solving Scale and Parental Acceptance Questionnaire were used as the evaluation tools.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the detection rate of problem behavior between the experimental and the control group before intervention(27.59%, 15.38 %, Z=1.10, P >0.05). After intervention, the detection rate of problem behavior in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(17.24%, 3.85%, Z=3.71, P <0.01). There was no difference in the scores of problem solving and parental acceptance between the two groups before the intervention( t=0.63, 0.38, P >0.05). After the intervention, the score of problem solving in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group( t=-2.28, P <0.05), and the score of parental acceptance was higher than that in the control group( t=2.57, P <0.05). For the intervention group, problem behavior and problem solving decreased significantly( t=2.56, 2.44, P <0.05), while the scores of parental acceptance increased significantly( t=-2.26, P <0.05)after the intervention. The scores of these three variables in the control group showed no significant changes before and after the intervention( P >0.05). The results of repeated measurement variance showed that the main effect of problem behavior and the interactive effect of problem solving and parental acceptance( F=8.63, 8.01, 4.62, P <0.05) were significant.@*Conclusion@#Painting group counseling can reduce the problem behaviors of primary school students and improve the quality of parent child relationship. It can be applied in primary school mental health education and plays a positive role in promoting the healthy development of primary school students.
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Objective@#To improve the social skills of children with ASD by using Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills(PEERS ), and to reduce the uncertainty towards ASD and negative emotions for mothers of ASD children.@*Methods@#From September to October 2017, 30 dyads of autistic mother and child were recruited and divided into intervention group and control group (15 mother child dyads each). Based on the content of PEERS social skill, cognitive behavior therapy was delivered in group format, through demonstration, role play and group exercise. At the same time, mother child dyads were trained using parallel social technology. Mothers and children with ASD were investigated using Parents Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Chinese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory II(BDI-Ⅱ-C), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-Form Y), and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Cildhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ).@*Results@#Changes in ASD symptom score in children and emotional score of mothers in the intervention group were less than 0. The total score of mother disease uncertainty(74.93±13.58, 90.40± 9.21 ), ambiguity(31.13±7.07, 38.93±4.73), lack of clarity information(11.93±2.09, 13.80±2.54), unpredictability(9.60±1.99, 12.07±2.89), significantly changed after intervention( t =-3.65, -3.55, -2.20, -2.72, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Social PEERS group intervention can enhance the social skills of children with ASD, reduce uncertainty of illness among mother of ASD children. Timely disease related information, guidance for mothers to actively participate in child care and training, might help to reduce cognitive bias, depressive and anxiety symptoms among mothers.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) on cognitive control among college students with high obsessive compulsive traits, to provide basic information for the psychological counseling intervention for college students.@*Methods@#From March to April 2019, 687 students were conveniently selected from 2 universities in Hefei. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 students with high obsessive traits were selected and divided into experimental group ( n =29) and control group ( n =29) by random number table method. The experimental group received cognitive behavioral group counseling for 4 weeks (1.5 h each time, twice a week), while the control group receive no intervention. The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Digital Span Test (DST), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT) were used to assess in two groups at baseline and 4 weeks later.@*Results@#After 4 weeks, the scores of OCI-R in the GCBT group (10.28±7.22) was lower than that of in the control group (15.90±10.20) ( t=2.42, P<0.05). Before and after intervention, compared with the control group [(21.89±6.63, 20.52±7.37)s, (8.62±4.43, 8.04±4.84)s] in Stroop C and Stroop interfere effects (SIE), the GCBT group [(22.14±4.92, 16.81±3.43)s, (8.36±3.87, 4.82±1.86)s], the interaction of time group was statistically significant ( F =14.60, 10.54, P <0.05). Compared with the control group (6.21±1.35, 6.55±1.45)times, the scores of DST reverse in the GCBT group (6.31±1.44, 7.24±1.38) times were statistically significant ( F=3.96, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#It suggests that cognitive behavioral group counseling can improve the inhibitory control and working memory of college students with high obsessive compulsive traits, but does not change the cognitive flexibility.
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Nesse estudo teórico realiza-se revisão crítica do pensamento de Kurt Lewin sobre os grupos humanos, examinando a conjuntura histórica em que se formula a Dinâmica de Grupo, suas proposições teórico-práticas centrais e seu compromisso político-ideológico. Aponta-se como possíveis determinantes de sua ampla aceitação ainda hoje, no estágio atual do capitalismo, sua capacidade de instrumentalizar processos de mudança com baixo nível de tensão, mediante promoção de relações intersubjetivas de aparência democrática, aliada à centralidade afetiva e ênfase nos processos de comunicação, obnubilando relações de poder e determinações estruturais do processo grupal.
The aim of this paper is to present a critical review of Kurt Lewin's approach on human groups, examining: i. the historical context in which Gro p Dynamics was carried out; ii. his central theoretical-practical propositions; and, iii. his political-ideological commitment. As possible determinants of its contemporary wide acceptance we point out to capacity offered by his theorizations in order to instrumentalize processes of change with low levels of tension by promoting apparently democratic intersubjective relations; placing emphasis on communication processes and centrality of emotions; and obscuring power relations and structural determinations of the group processes.
Se realiza en esta pesquisa teórica una revisión crítica del pensamiento de Kurt Lewin sobre los grupos humanos, examinando el contexto histórico en el que se formula la Dinámica de Grupos, sus proposiciones teórico-prácticas centrales y su compromiso político-ideológico. Señalamos como posibles determinantes de su amplia aceptación hasta hoy, en el contexto del capitalismo actual, su capacidad para instrumentalizar procesos de cambio con bajo nivel de tensión, promoviendo relaciones intersubjetivas de apariencia democrática, énfasis en procesos de comunicación y centralidad afectiva, oscureciendo las relaciones de poder y determinaciones estructurales del proceso grupal.
الموضوعات
Humans , Psychology, Social , Group Dynamics , Group Processes , Training Support , Capitalism , Emotionsالملخص
Este trabajo relata experiencias innovadoras de implementación del psicodrama y el teatro espontáneo para el ámbito comunitario en Cuba. Las tres experiencias se desarrollaron en El Canal, espacio alternativo para la promoción del Psicodrama y el Teatro Espontáneo/Playback. Las modalidades implementadas fueron: el psicodrama público como dispositivo para potenciar la participación ciudadana; el psicodrama para la construcción y reconstrucción de la memoria histórica; y el teatro espontáneo comunitario para propiciar un encuentro intergeneracional, contando con la dirección de Julia Motta; Úrsula Hauser; Ana Ara y Bea Huber, respectivamente. Se fundamentan y describen las modalidades utilizadas, destacándose sus potencialidades para ser empleadas en función de diferentes propósitos dentro de algunas de las tareas esenciales que demanda el trabajo en ámbitos comunitarios.
This work tells innovative experiences of implementation of psychodrama and spontaneous theatre for the community environment in Cuba. The three experiences were developed in El Canal, an alternative space for the promotion of Psychodrama and Spontaneous Theatre/Playback. The modalities implemented were: public psychodrama as a device to enhance citizen participation; psychodrama for the construction and reconstruction of historical memory; and the spontaneous community theatre to promote an intergenerational meeting, with the direction of Julia Motta; Úrsula Hauser; Ana Ara and Bea Huber, respectively. The modalities used are based and described, highlighting their potential to be used for different purposes within some of the essential tasks that work in community settings demands.
Este trabalho conta experiências inovadoras de implementação do psicodrama e do teatro espontâneo para o ambiente comunitário em Cuba. As três experiências foram desenvolvidas no El Canal, um espaço alternativo para a promoção do Psicodrama e do Teatro Espontâneo/Playback. As modalidades implementadas foram: o psicodrama público como dispositivo para potencializar a participação cidadã; psicodrama para a construção e reconstrução da memória histórica; e o teatro comunitário espontâneo para promover um encontro intergeracional, sob a direção de Julia Motta; Úrsula Hauser; Ana Ara e Bea Huber, respectivamente. As modalidades usadas são baseadas e descritas, destacando seu potencial para serem usadas para diferentes propósitos dentro de algumas das tarefas essenciais requeridas pelo trabalho desenvolvido em ambientes comunitários.
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Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of sports combined with group psychological counseling on the psychological craving, addiction sererity, as well as comorbid depression with anxiety severity of college students with smartphone addiction.@*Methods@#Totally 148 smart-phone addicts were randomly divided into 3 groups(sports group 49 students, group psychological counseling group 50 students, sports group counseling group 49 students). Smartphone addiction was evaluated by using the University Student Smartphone Addiction Scale(SAS-C); the degree of mental hunger was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale(VAS); the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) were used to evaluate the degree of anxiety and depression. All scales were evaluated before intervention, after intervention and 3 months after the intervention.@*Results@#The SAS-C,VAS,HAMD,HAMA scores of the three groups decreased with time(F=36.05,38.54,37.27,39.27,P<0.01), and the scores were the lowest in the sports group counseling group, SAS-C,VAS,HAMD,HAMA followed by the group counseling group and the highest in the sports group(F=34.33,32.36,32.34,34.96,P<0.01). Howevey, all the 3 groups still had depression and anxiety symptoms after 3 months of intervention.@*Conclusion@#Sports, group psychological counseling, sports combined with group counseling can all differentially help decreasing the psychological cravings and addiction levels of smartphone addicts and severity of depression and anxiety with the latter shows the highest effectiveness, followed by the group counseling and sports intervention alone.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of group cognitive therapy on negative emotions and impulsivity among college students with Internet addiction.@*Methods@#33 college students with Internet addiction from one university in Guiyang were randomly divided into intervention group (n=16) and control group (n=17). Before and after the intervention, the Young s Internet Addiction Test, Self-rating Depression Scale,Self-rating Anxiety Scale and UPPSP Impulsive Behavior Scale were administered. In addition, the event-related potential (ERP) technology was used to detect the differences in EEG components related to impulse suppression between the two groups before and after the intervention.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant changes in the scores of Internet addiction, anxiety, depression, and impulsivity in the control group before and after(P>0.05); the N1 amplitude in the control group was higher than that in the previous test(t=-3.32, -3.19, P<0.05), and the changes in the amplitude of N2 and P3 were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The depression and anxiety scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the pre-test (t=2.20, 2.45, P<0.05); the negative urgency and positive urgency scores were significantly lower than those of pre-test (t=3.84, 3.44, P<0.05); the N1 amplitude of the intervention group after treatment was higher than the previous test (t=-3.08, -2.72, P<0.05), and the N2 and P3 were lower than the previous test (t=2.10, 2.07, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Group cognitive therapy can improve the negative emotions of college students with Internet addiction, reduce the impulsivity level of college students with Internet addiction, and improve the impulse control function of college students with Internet addiction to a certain extent.
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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as percepções sobre a participação em grupo reflexivo voltado a autores de violência contra as mulheres. Participaram 20 homens encaminhados pela vara de violência doméstica de uma região administrativa do Distrito Federal a um serviço voltado a essa clientela. A partir de entrevistas pré e pós-grupo e da análise pelo modelo bioecológico, o grupo apresentou-se como lugar de acolhimento e escuta para o homem, além de importante ferramenta na desconstrução de ideias legitimadoras da violência e de um modelo de masculinidade hegemônico, heteronormativo e rígido. O grupo mostrou-se importante na construção de novas formas de subjetivação, socialização e sociabilidade masculinas para possíveis ressignificações de suas trajetórias. Os homens perceberam a participação como positiva e notou-se mudanças nos discursos sobre violência, relações conjugais, Lei Maria da Penha e em relação ao próprio engajamento no grupo reflexivo.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las percepciones sobre la participación en grupo reflexivo para autores de violencia contra las mujeres. Participaron 20 hombres encaminados por la vara de violencia doméstica de una región administrativa del Distrito Federal a un servicio que atiende esa clientela. A partir de entrevistas pre y post-grupo y del análisis por el modelo bioecológico, el grupo se presentó como lugar de acogida y escucha para el hombre, además de importante herramienta en la deconstrucción de ideas legitimadoras de la violencia y de un modelo de masculinidad hegemónico, heteronormativo y rígido. El grupo se mostró importante en la construcción de nuevas formas de subjetivación, socialización y sociabilidad masculinas para posibles resignaciones de sus trayectorias. Los hombres percibieron la participación como positiva y se notaron cambios en los discursos sobre violencia, relaciones conyugales, Ley Maria da Penha y con relación al propio compromiso en el grupo reflexivo.
Abstract This study aimed to understand perceptions about the participation in a reflexive group directed to authors of violence against women. The participants were twenty men who were referred by the domestic violence court of an administrative district of the Federal District to a service directed to this clientele. From pre and post-group interviews and analysis by the bioecological perspective, the group presented itself as a place of reception and listening to men, as well as an important tool in the deconstruction of legitimizing ideas of violence and of a hegemonic, heteronormative and rigid model of masculinity. The group proved to be important in the construction of new forms of male subjectivation, socialization and sociability for possible reframing of their trajectories. The men perceived the participation as positive and there were changes in the discourses about violence, marital relationships, Maria da Penha Law and in relation to the engagement in the reflective group.