الملخص
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic inherited myocardial disease in children, and mutations in sarcomere genes (such as MYH7 and MYBPC3) are the most common genetic etiology of HCM, among which mutations in the MYH7 gene are the most common and account for 30%-50%. MYH7 gene mutations have the characteristics of being affected by environmental factors, coexisting with multiple genetic variations, and age-dependent penetrance, which leads to different or overlapping clinical phenotypes in children, including various cardiomyopathies and skeletal myopathies. At present, the pathogenesis, course, and prognosis of HCM caused by MYH7 gene mutations in children remain unclear. This article summarizes the possible pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, and treatment of HCM caused by MYH7 gene mutations, in order to facilitate the accurate prognostic evaluation and individualized management and treatment of the children with this disorder.
الموضوعات
Child , Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Phenotype , Troponin T/genetics , Mutation , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics , Cardiac Myosins/geneticsالملخص
Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in mildly symptomatic patients (NYHA class Ⅱ) with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM). Methods: This retrospective study included 150 mildly symptomatic patients with HOCM hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2001 to December 2017, consisting of medical therapy group (n=102) and ASA group (n=48). Baseline clinical data were collected, patients were followed up to a mean of 6.0 (3.5, 8.1) years. Overall and HCM-related mortality events (including chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation related stroke, sudden cardiac death) were observed in the two groups. Moreover, the improvement of NYHA function classification and left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) were also evaluated. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Age of this cohort was (52.9±14.5)years, 92 cases(61.3%) were male. In the follow-up, LVOTG was reduced from (85.8±35.4)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (27.7±19.8)mmHg (P<0.001) in the ASA group, and from (66.3±35.0)mmHg to (56.5±27.7)mmHg in medical therapy group(P<0.01). At the last clinical follow-up, there were 32 patients (66.7%) whose LVOTG were<30 mmHg, septal thickness decreased from (20.3±3.8)mm to (16.1±3.4)mm (P<0.001), NYHA classification was also remarkably improved (P<0.001). New-onset atrial fibrillation tended to be lower in the ASA group compared to medical therapy group (9.3%(4/43) vs. 20.8%(20/96),P=0.096). Eleven patients (10.8%) in the medical therapy group and 2 patients (4.2%) in the ASA group died during the follow-up. One patient received pacemaker during the peri-procedural period, 1 patient was implanted with two-chamber pacemaker due to Ⅲ° atrioventricular block at 10 years after operation in the ASA group. Survival free of all-cause mortality of ASA group at 5 and 10 years was 97.9% and 97.9%, respectively, which was comparable to the medical therapy group (P=0.231). Survival free of HCM-related mortality was similar between the two groups (P=0.397). Conclusions: Compared with medical therapy in mildly symptomatic patients with HOCM, long-term survival rate is similar after ASA. Meanwhile, ASA can remarkably reduce LVOTG and improve the clinical status of the patients. Therefore, ASA may be used as an alternative therapy for mildly symptomatic HOCM patients.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Ethanol/therapeutic use , Heart Septum/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica é uma doença genética com apresentação, prognóstico e estratégias de tratamento variáveis. A visibilidade ligada à cardiomiopatia hipertrófica refere-se em grande parte a seu reconhecimento como causa comum de taquiarritmias e morte súbita cardíaca. O cardiodesfibrilador implantável é aceito como tratamento definitivo para prevenção de morte súbita, especialmente em pacientes de alto risco. Apesar da baixa prevalência, a via acessória é encontrada em 5% dos pacientes com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e a ablação é o método de escolha, em decorrência do risco de taquiarritmias atriais. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, em fase dilatada, com via acessória.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease with variable presentation, prognosis and treatment strategies. The visibility linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to a large extent refers to its recognition as a common cause of tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Implantable cardiac defibrillator is accepted as definitive treatment for the prevention of sudden death, especially in high-risk patients. Despite the low prevalence, the accessory pathway is found in 5% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ablation is the method of choice due to risk of atrial tachyarrhythmias. We report the case of a patient with dilated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and an accessory pathway.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Adult , Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Stroke Volume , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Defibrillators, Implantable/trends , Catheter Ablation/methodsالملخص
The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is a hereditary, autosomal dominant condition, with high penetrance and variable expressivity, resulting from mutations in the genes PTCH1, PTCH2, or SUFU. The diagnosis is based on the presence of 2 major criteria or a major criterion associated with 2 minor criteria, including multiple basal cell carcinomas, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT), and bifid rib. Other endocrine, neurological, ophthalmologic, genital, respiratory, and cardiovascular alterations are found in the literature, but with variable manifestations. This study reports the case of a patient diagnosed with GGS associated with diastolic congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, who underwent multiple treatments for components of the syndrome. More recently, the patient underwent decompression followed by cystic enucleation of two KOTs in the jaw, oral rehabilitation with removable prosthodontics, cardiological evaluation, and attempted clinical control of endocrine and cardiac problems.
A síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz (SGG) é uma condição hereditária, autossômica dominante, com alta penetrância e expressividade variável, decorrente de mutações nos genes PTCH1, PTCH2 ou SUFU. O diagnóstico é baseado na presença de dois critérios maiores ou um critério maior associado a dois critérios menores, dentre eles múltiplos carcinomas basocelulares, tumor odontogênico ceratocístico (TOC) e costela bífida. Outras alterações endócrinas, neurológicas, oftalmológicas, genitais, respiratórias e cardiovasculares são encontradas na literatura, porém com manifestações variáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente sistematicamente diagnosticada com SGG associada à insuficiência cardíaca congestiva diastólica e diabetes mellitus 2 submetida a tratamentos seriados das respectivas manifestações sindrômicas. Mais recentemente, à descompressão cística seguida da enucleação de dois TOC em mandíbula, reabilitação oral com prótese total removível, avaliação cardiológica e tentativa de controle clínico das alterações endócrinas e cardíacas.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Pathology, Oral , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome , Megalencephaly , Hypertelorism , Mouth Rehabilitation , Pathology, Oral/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/surgery , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/complications , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/therapy , Megalencephaly/surgery , Megalencephaly/pathology , Hypertelorism/surgery , Hypertelorism/complications , Hypertelorism/pathology , Mouth Rehabilitation/methodsالملخص
As arritmias hereditárias são responsáveis por uma proporção significante de mortes cardíacas súbitas em indivíduos jovens aparentemente saudáveis. As canalopatias, como síndrome de Brugada, síndrome do QT longo/curto e taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica, contribuem com essa incidência e não são marcadas por anomalias estruturais. A cardiomiopatia genética, como cardiomiopatia arritmogênica doventrículo direito e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, também são causas de morte súbita por arritmia. Novos consensos têm sido publicados para orientar melhor as ferramentas dediagnóstico, os escores de estratificação e o tratamento. Os testes genéticos têm papel importante no diagnóstico, na estratificação de risco e no tratamento de pacientes e de suas famílias. Os avanços da genética molecular nas duas últimas décadas revelaram a base genética subjacente da doença, e podem levar a tratamentos mais personalizados...
Inherited arrhythmias account for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths in apparently healthy and young individuals. Ion channelopathies such as Brugada syndrome, long/short QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardiacontribute to this incidence and are marked by no structural abnormalities. Genetic cardiomyopathy such as Right Ventricular Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy and HypertrophicCardiomyopathy are also causes of arrhythmogenic sudden death. New consensuses are published to better guide the diagnostic tools, stratification scores and treatment. Genetic testing plays somehow an important role in the diagnosis, risk-stratification and treatment of patients and family members. Molecular genetic advances in the last 2 decades have revealed the underlying genetic basis and these may lead to a personalized medicine...
الموضوعات
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/therapy , Long QT Syndrome/diagnosis , Long QT Syndrome/genetics , Tachycardia, Ventricular/genetics , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Electrocardiography/methods , Propranolol , Sotalol/administration & dosage , Brugada Syndrome/diagnosis , Brugada Syndrome/therapy , Heart Ventriclesالملخص
Cabos-eletrodos de cardiodesfibriladores implantáveis sofrem mais complicações e falhas que os demarcapassos. Relata-se o caso de paciente portadora de cardiodesfibrilador dependente de estimulação cardíacaartificial, que passou a apresentar sintomas de pré-síncope. Durante a investigação, apresentava eletrocardiogramacom pausas e a telemetria em repouso era aparentemente normal. Optou-se pela abordagem cirúrgica diagnóstica,sendo observada lesão do isolante do cabo-eletrodo ventricular. Com a substituição do cabo-eletrodo ventricular,houve melhora imediata dos sintomas.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads have more complications and failures than the pacemakers.We report a case of a patient with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator dependent on cardiac pacing, who beganto show pre-syncope symptoms. During investigation, the electrocardiogram presented with pauses and telemetrywas apparently normal at rest. We chose to use a diagnostic surgical approach and observed fracture of theventricular lead isolation. There was immediate improvement of symptoms after ventricular lead replacement.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome/complications , Comorbidity , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrocardiography , Pacemaker, Artificial , Radiography, Thoracicالملخص
Homem de 43 anos de idade procurou o ambulatório com queixa de dor precordial em queimação, iniciada há cinco anos, aos médios esforços. Não apresentava fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana. O eletrocardiograma apresentou ondas T negativas e com amplitude superior a 10 mm. A cintilografia miocárdica evidenciou no mapa polar o sinal solar polar map. A ressonância magnética cardíaca revelou importante hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo com predomínio do segmento apical, com maior espessura parietal de 22 mm e realce tardio mostrando exuberante captação tardia do contraste com distribuição mesocárdica difusa, confirmando a hipótese de doença de Yamaguchi.
A 43 year-old man with no risk factors for coronary artery disease visited the out-patient clinic complaining of burning chest pain that began five years ago with average effort. The electrocardiogram showed negative T waves wider than 10mm. Myocardial scintigraphy showed the solar polar sign in the polar map. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging disclosed significant left ventricular hypertrophy with predominance of the apical segment with greater wall thickness of 22mm and delayed enhancement, showing ample delayed contrast uptake with diffuse mesocardial distribution, confirming the hypothesis of Yamaguchi disease.
الموضوعات
Humans , Adult , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Chest Pain , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Prevalenceالموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aortic Aneurysm/therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnosis , Mitral Valve Stenosis , Dissection , Echocardiography, Doppler , Electrocardiography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Nuclear Medicine , Pericardiumالملخص
Descrevemos os casos de duas gestantes portadoras de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica com alto risco de morte súbita arrítmica, que foram submetidas a implante de cardioversor-desfibrilador automático (CDI) no intercurso da gestação. O momento para a realização do procedimento e os cuidados necessários para o implante do CDI durante a gestação são discutidos e foram os principais objetivos deste relato.
We describe the successful implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in two pregnant women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at high risk. The indication of ICD and the necessary care for ICD implantation during pregnancy are discussed and were the main objectives of this case report.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Defibrillators, Implantable , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/therapy , Young Adultالملخص
A hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo constitui um dos mais poderosos de risco independentes para morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular em pacientes de alto risco e na população geral. No mesmo nível de pressão arterial, alguns indivíduos desenvolvem hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo enquanto outros não o fazem, indicando uma suscetibilidade genética a essa condição. A hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo pode ser primária em doenças como cardiomiopatia hipertrofica ou, ao menos em parte, como um mecanismo compensatório para ativação crônica neuro-humoral e carga hemodinâmica anormal, sendo considerada uma adaptação estrutural do coração. O aumento da espessura da parede reduz o estresse na parede e mantém o desempenho da parede na presença do aumento da carga mecânica. Estudos recentes sugerem a existência de marcadores de suscetibilidade à hipertrofia em diversos genes, como o da enzima conversora de angiotensina, do angiotensinogênio, dos receptores tipo 1 e 2 da angiotensina II, da aldosterona sintetase, do receptor ativado...
Left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the strongest independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in high risk patients and the general population. At the same blood pressure level, some individuals develop left ventricular hypertrophy while others do not, indicating a genetic susceptibility to this condition. Left ventricular hypertrophy may be primary in diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or it may be partially due to a compensatory mechanism for chronic neurohumoral activation and abnormal hemodynamic load, considered as a structural adaptation of heart. Increased wall thickness reduces wall stress and maintains cardiac performance in the presence of increased mechanical load. Recent studies suggest the existence of markers of susceptibility to hypertrophy in several genes such as angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors, aldosterone synthetase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and G-protein ß3 subunit. Since it involves multiple environmental, behavior and genetic factors, the study of left ventricular hypertrophy is a challenge. However, the knowledge of molecular and genetic bases of left ventricular hypertrophy may contribute to a more accurate understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition and offers a promising future for its treatment and prevention.
الموضوعات
Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/prevention & control , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/mortality , Biomarkers/analysis , Risk Factorsالملخص
FUNDAMENTO: A estratificação de risco para morte súbita na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH), continua a ser um verdadeiro desafio devido à grande heterogeneidade da sua apresentação, em que a maioria dos indivíduos permanecem assintomáticos por toda sua vida e outros apresentam a morte súbita como primeiro sintoma. Recentes trabalhos vêm sugerindo que a fibrose miocárdica pode constituir-se em um importante substrato para as arritmias ventriculares malignas, responsáveis pela morte súbita nesta doença. OBJETIVO: Avaliação da prevalência e quantificação da fibrose miocárdica (FM), em pacientes com CMH com alto risco ou recuperados de morte súbita, portadores de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI). MÉTODOS: Vinte e oito pacientes com CMH portadores de CDI foram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores, para realização da técnica de realce tardio, e avaliação da fibrose miocárdica. RESULTADOS: 96 por cento dos pacientes apresentavam fibrose miocárdica (20,38 ± 15,55 gramas) correspondendo a 15,96 ± 10,20 por cento da massa miocárdica total. A FM foi significativamente mais prevalente que os demais fatores de risco clássicos para morte súbita. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que existe uma alta prevalência de fibrose miocárdica em pacientes com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica de alto risco ou recuperados de morte súbita, como neste grupo - portadores de cardiodesfibrilador implantável. A maior prevalência da fibrose miocárdica comparada aos fatores de risco de pior prognóstico levantam a hipótese de que a fibrose miocárdica possa ser um importante substrato potencialmente necessário na gênese das arritmias desencadeadoras da morte súbita.
BACKGROUND: The stratification of risk for sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) continues to be a true challenge due to the great heterogeneity of this disease's presentation, as most individuals remain asymptomatic during their entire lives and others present sudden death as first symptom. Recent studies have suggested that myocardial fibrosis may represent an important substrate for the malignant ventricular arrhythmias, that are responsible for the cases of sudden death related to this disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and quantification of myocardial fibrosis (MF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with implantablecardioverter - defibrillator (ICD) indicated due to their high risk or recovered from cardiac sudden death. METHODS: Twenty-eight HCM patients with ICD were submitted to multidetector computed tomography to assess myocardial fibrosis by delayed enhancement technique. RESULTS: Myocardial fibrosis was present in 96 percent of these HCM patients with (20.38 ± 15.55 g) comprising 15.96 ± 10.20 percent of the total myocardial mass. MF was observed in a significantly higher prevalence as compared to other classical risk factors for sudden death. CONCLUSION: It is possible to conclude that there is a high prevalence of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with high-risk or recovered from cardiac sudden death, like those with clinical indication to implantable cardioverter -defibrillator. The higher prevalence of myocardial fibrosis in comparison to classical risk factors of worse prognosis raise the hypothesis that the myocardial fibrosis may be an important substrate in the genesis of lifethreatening arrhythmias in these high risk HCM population.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Myocardium/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Chi-Square Distribution , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrodes, Implanted , Fibrosis , Risk Factorsالملخص
La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es una enfermedad frecuentemente hereditaria, causada por mutaciones en varios genes implicados en el funcionamiento del sarcómero cardíaco. Aunque hay más de 12 genes en los que se han hallado mutaciones, la mayoría de los pacientes o sus familias tienen una mutación en el gen MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, o TPM1. Dado que los parámetros clínico-patológicos tienen una capacidad limitada para predecir los efectos adversos, se ha investigado la posibilidad de emplear los hallazgos genéticos con este fin (por ejemplo, para predecir el riesgo de muerte súbita) y en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Actualmente, podemos concluir que para la mayoría de las mutaciones no se puede derivar un comportamiento clínico definido, algo que se podía suponer si consideramos que las manifestaciones de la MCH son heterogéneas, incluso entre los afectados de una misma familia. En este artículo revisamos los aspectos fundamentales de los análisis moleculares con fines diagnósticos en la MCH y las posibilidades de aplicar los hallazgos genéticos en la toma de decisiones.
الموضوعات
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/epidemiology , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/prevention & control , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Molecular Structure , Genetic Structures , Mutationالملخص
Relatamos a rara associação entre síndrome Leopard e miocardiopatia hipertrófica em mulher de 27 anos, pouco sintomática, que veio para estratificação e prevenção de risco de morte súbita. Portadora de uma síndrome rara, que se manifesta com pequenas máculas disseminadas pelo corpo, além de alterações oculares, genitais, cardíacas e de crescimento. A associação de miocardiopatia hipertrófica com fatores de risco de morte súbita determinou a indicação do implante de cardiodesfibrilador (CDI) para prevenção primária.
We describe an uncommon association between Leopard syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a 27-year-old woman, who was little symptomatic and came for sudden death risk stratification and prevention. She has a rare syndrome, whose symptoms are maculae over the body and abnormalities in eyes, genital organs, heart and in growth. Association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with sudden death risk factors determined the implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention.
Relatamos la rara asociación entre síndrome Leopard y miocardiopatía hipertrófica en una mujer de 27 años, poco sintomática, que vino para estratificación y prevención de riesgo de muerte súbita. Portadora de un síndrome raro, que se manifiesta con pequeñas manchas diseminadas por el cuerpo, además de alteraciones oculares, genitales, cardíacas y de crecimiento. La asociación de miocardiopatía hipertrófica con factores de riesgo de muerte súbita determinó la indicación del implante de cardiodesfibrilador (CDI) para prevención primaria.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Death, Sudden/prevention & control , LEOPARD Syndrome/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Defibrillators, Implantable , LEOPARD Syndrome/pathology , Risk Factorsالملخص
Um homem de 56 anos veio à Clínica de Marcapasso para verificação de rotina de seu marcapasso. Ele havia apresentado um episódio de síncope na semana anterior. O paciente tinha um diagnostico prévio de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) não-obstrutiva crônica. Devido a um episódio prévio de síncope e bloqueio infrahisiano 2:1 documentado, um marcapasso permanente de dupla câmara havia sido implantado alguns anos antes. O dispositivo foi verificado, mostrando vários episódios de altas freqüências ventriculares. Uma análise cuidadosa dos eletrogramas intracardíacos armazenados no dispositivo mostrou taquicardia ventricular (TV) com condução ventrículo-atrial 2:1. A seguinte exposição discute o diagnóstico alternativo e o manejo clínico em um diagnóstico não-usual de TV na presença de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica não-obstrutiva.
A 56-year-old man came to the Pacemaker Clinic for his regular pacemaker control. He had experienced a syncopal episode in the previous week. He had a previous diagnosis of non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Due to a previous syncope and documented 2:1 infrahisian block, a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker had been implanted a few years before. The device was interrogated, showing several ventricular high rate episodes. A careful analysis of the stored intracardiac electrograms showed ventricular tachycardia (VT) with 2:1 ventriculoatrial conduction. The following presentation discusses the alternative diagnosis and clinical management in an unusual diagnosis of VT in the presence of non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Un varón de 56 anos vino a la Clínica de Marcapaso para verificación rutinaria de su marcapaso. Él había presentado un episodio de síncopa la semana anterior. El paciente tenía un diagnostico previo de cardiomiopatía hipertrófica (CMH) no obstructiva crónica. Un marcapaso permanente de doble cámara había sido implantado algunos años antes, en virtud de un episodio previo de síncopa y bloqueo infrahisiano documentado 2:1. Se verificó el dispositivo, que presentó varios episodios de altas frecuencias ventriculares. Un análisis cuidadoso de los electrogramas intracardiacos almacenados en el dispositivo reveló taquicardia ventricular (TV) con conducción ventrículo-atrial 2:1. La presente exposición discute el diagnóstico alternativo y el manejo clínico en un diagnóstico no usual de TV en la presencia de cardiomiopatía hipertrófica no obstructiva.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Electrocardiography/instrumentation , Tachycardia/diagnosis , Electrodes, Implanted , Syncope/diagnosisالملخص
FUNDAMENTO: O benefício da estimulação cardíaca em pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) tem sido questionado, sendo escassas as pesquisas sobre este assunto no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Descrever a indicação, a resposta clínica, as complicações e a sobrevida relacionadas ao implante de marcapasso em pacientes portadores de CMH. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 39 pacientes portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (41 por cento do sexo masculino) submetidos a implante de marcapasso, no período de maio de 1980 a novembro de 2003. RESULTADOS: Houve 27 portadores da forma obstrutiva e 12 portadores da forma não-obstrutiva com média de idade de 46,4 anos (14-77 anos) seguidos por 6,4 ± 4,1 anos. As principais indicações para implante foram: bloqueio atrioventricular espontâneo ou induzido (54 por cento), refratariedade à terapêutica associada a gradiente elevado (33 por cento), suporte para terapia medicamentosa por bradicardia (8 por cento) e prevenção de fibrilação atrial (5 por cento). Houve melhora na classe funcional de 2,41±0,87 para 1,97±0,92 (p = 0,008), bem como redução do número de sintomas referidos, sem ter havido diferença na utilização da terapia medicamentosa. Não houve óbitos relacionados ao procedimento que, apesar de demonstrar-se seguro, não foi isento de complicações (6 pacientes - 15,4 por cento). Ocorreram três óbitos durante o seguimento, todos em pacientes mulheres, portadoras de fibrilação atrial e com evidências de deterioração funcional. Observou-se uma forte associação de piora clínica com surgimento de fibrilação atrial ou flutter. CONCLUSÃO: A estimulação cardíaca artificial em pacientes com CMH foi bem-sucedida, com evidências de alívio sintomático em pacientes portadores da forma obstrutiva. Não se observou melhora funcional para a forma não-obstrutiva.
BACKGROUND: The benefits of heart stimulation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients have been questioned. Research work available in Brazil on those benefits is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To describe the indication, clinical response, complications and survival time related to pacemaker implant in HCM patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients were studied (41 percent males) and submitted to pacemaker implant from May, 1980 through November, 2003. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients presented obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 12, non-obstructive. Mean age was 46.4 years of age (range 14 - 77), with follow-up of 6.4 ± 4.1 years. Major indications for implant were: spontaneous or induced atrioventricular block (54 percent), refractoriness to therapeutic conduct associated to high gradient (33 percent), support for drug therapy to treat bradychardia (8 percent), and atrial fibrillation prevention (5 percent). Functional class was shown to improve from 2.41±0.87 to 1.97±0.92 (p = 0.008), and symptoms referred were reduced. No change was made in drug therapy administration. No procedure-related deaths were reported. Although shown to be safe, the procedure was not free from complications (6 patients - 15.4 percent). Three deaths occurred in the follow-up period - the three of them were atrial fibrillation female patients, with evidence of functional deterioration. A close association was observed between clinical condition worsening and the onset of atrial fibrillation or flutter. CONCLUSION: Cardiac pacing in HCM patients was successful, with evidence of symptoms relief in obstructive HCM patients. No functional improvement was observed in non-obstructive patients.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/adverse effects , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/mortality , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/mortality , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Epidemiologic Methods , Young Adultالملخص
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine, on interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase activity, and protein kinase C activity in normal and diabetic rat hearts. Rats were divided into four groups eight rats each, control, control treated, diabetic, and diabetic treated groups. One week after induction of diabetes, N-acetylcysteine was administered to the control treated and diabetic treated groups in a dose of 1.5 g/kg daily for eight weeks by intragastric tube. The results of the present work showed that streptozotocin induced diabetes is associated with increased superoxide dismutase activity, interleukin-6 in plasma and cardiac tissue, and increased protein kinase CB2 activity in cardiac tissue. Further, diabetic rats exhibited cardiac hypertrophy indicated by increased heart to body weight and ventricular to body weight ratios. N-acetylcysteine treatment to diabetic rate causes significant decrease in all previous parameters also it significantly attenuate the increase in heart to body weight and ventricular to body weight ratios. These data support the hypothesis that the oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and N-acetylcysteine an effective antioxidant have a beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy