Effect of electron beam on prepared hap-gel composition

Polyvinyl alcohol liquid PVA1 was used as the organic carrier for Hydroxylapatite-gel [Hap-gel] composite. PVA1 has the ability to form a nano- hydroxylapatite polyvinyl alcohol composite gel which has a wide range of uses in different environmental and medical applications. Prepared Hap-gel is known to have a very similar composition to human bone and is used as a substitute for bones in compound fractures and artificial dentures. In this work prepared HAP- gel was exposed to a high ionizing radiation electron beam [5 kilo Gray] and an aqueous solution containing aluminum ions [Al[+]]. Some investigations were done to illustrate the effect of radiation exposure and aluminum contamination on prepared Hap-gel. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis [EDx] showed that the electron beam used caused an obvious increase in the calcium ions [Ca[++] content of the prepared Hap-gel from 60% to 65.69% with a prominent decrease in phosphorus ions [P[+] content from 40% to 34.31% in addition to an increase in the Ca/P ratio from 1.5 to 1.91. Exposure of the pre-irradiated Hap-gel samples to aluminium ions [Al[+] resulted in a noticeable decrease in Ca[+] content from 65.69 atomic% to 32.14% atomic% and a further noticeable decrease in P+content from 34.31% atomic% to 13 atomic% as well as an increase in the Ca/P ratio from 1.91 to 2.47. The levels for the original prepared Hap-gel were Ca[++]; 60 atomic% and P+; 40 atomic%. It was deduced that exposure of the Hap-gel to Al+had a further damaging effect on the pre-irradiated Hap-gel composition in addition to the damaging effect that the electron beam used induced on the samples. it could be concluded that electron beams and Al+ have an injurious effect on human bone tissue taking into consideration the similarity in composition between Hap-gel and bones. Therefore, this study could be beneficial in the field of osteoporosis research and assist the understanding of the effects of radiation such as that of electron beams and some pollutants such as aluminium present in running water on the health of human bone tissue

Impact of two commercial types of feed supplement on rumen juice properties and body weight in Goats

Non pregnant female goats [12 animals] free from internal and external parasites and kept under observation for 4 weeks before being supplemented with two different kind of feed supplement for 8 weeks. Goats of experiment were divided into 3 groups each of them consists of 4 goat. [G1]: Treated with probiotic TOP 2X[R] with dose 1ml/liter of water, [G2]: treated with another supplement which contain fibrolytic enzymes GALZYM[R] with dose 1ml/3liters of water and [G3]: control group. Rumen juice samples were obtained weekly to observe the effect of bacterial probiotics TOP-2X[R] and fibrolytic enzymes Galzym[R] on the food digestibility of the small ruminants [goat] as well as the effect of them on some physical and biochemical properties of ruminal juice as well as body weight of treated animals and also to throw some lights on hematological parameters. Results of the study showed that using of bacterial probiotic TOP2X[R] as a dietary supplement is more beneficial than using of the supplement which contain fibrolytic enzymes GALZYM[R]. TOP2X[R] the bacterial probiotic enhancing body weight, protozoal count, level of T.V.F.A more than GALZYM

Effects of roselle on arterial pulse pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients

To characterize the effects of regular Roselle ingestion on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] in patients with established moderate essential hypertension. This non-randomized quasi-experimental study was conducted in Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt, for 8 weeks, from September 2012 to November 2012. The effects of a 4-week period of regular Roselle ingestion followed by a 4-week recovery period on systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse pressure [PP], and heart rates [HR] was studied in 2 equal, gender- and age-matched groups [n=50 each; average age - 50 +/- 5 years] of normotensive subjects, and patients with moderate essential hypertension. Electrocardiographic assessments of LVH were also made prior to, and at the end of both treatment and recovery periods. Pulse pressure [PP] significantly fell from baseline values by 10.9% [normotensive group [NG]], 21.2% [hypertensive group [HG]]; SBP by 10% [NG], 19.6% [HG]; DBP by 9.5% [NG], 18.7% [HG], and HR by 14.6% [NG], 17.1% [HG] by the end of week 4 of treatment. Following treatment cessation, SBP, DBP, PP, and HR returned to pretreatment levels over 4 weeks. Before intervention, none of the normotensive subjects, but 14 hypertensive patients showed LVH. However, Roselle treatment was associated with regression of LVH in 10 patients with only 4 patients showing LVH after 4 weeks of treatment. This became 10 patients 4 weeks after ceasing treatment. These findings empirically suggest favorable cardiovascular effects of Roselle in patients with established moderate essential hypertension

Cardiovascular autonomic function tests in healthy and diabetic subjects

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy [DAN] is common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus [DM] that occur in nearly half of diabetic patients. DAN in patients with diabetes is an irreversible complication, but early detection is important because the condition can't be reversed. The present study was undertaken primarily to investigate cardiovascular autonomic functions in normal healthy individuals and patients with diabetes mellitus [type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus; T1DM and T2DM], and to determine the relationship between diabetes and extent of autonomic function impairment. Autonomic functions using five standard tests were examined in 40 diabetic patients and 40 age and sex matched controls. The extent of autonomic dysfunction was determined in the patients. All the patients and the controls were subjected to measurement of heart rate [HR] and P-R interval were monitored from lead II of the ECG and BP was measured by electrosphygmomanometry. Significant [p <0.001] increase in resting heart rate in T2DM [112 +/- 10 bpm] than T1DM [65 +/- 12 bpm] associated with significant decrease in HR variation daring deep breathing T2DM [8 +/- 3 bpm] compared to T1DM [18 +/- 5 bpm], significant decrease in HR response to standing in T2DM [0.7 +/- 0.2 bpm] compared to T1DM [1.06 +/- 0.2 bpm], significant decrease in postural changes in SBP in T2DM [-15 +/- 3 mmHg] compared to T1DM [-3 +/- 8 bpm] and significant decrease in DBP response to hand grip inT2DM [6 +/- l mmHg] compared to T1DM [20 +/- 7 mmHg] within 2-5 years of both types of DM. Moreover, no significant difference between T1DM and T2DM in cardiovascular autonomic function tests after 5 years of DM. Autonomic dysfunction was significantly more frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T1DM] compared with type 1 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]. This study showed that autonomic neuropathy is common in diabetic patients, and that it increases in severity with increase in extent of T2DM, and starts after 5 years in T1DM suggesting that diabetes mellitus contributes to these neurological derangements

Age-related changes in carotid vascular responses to noradrenaline and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor

The aim of the present work was to study whether age alters the constrictor responses evoked by the sympathetic transmitter Noradrenaline in the carotid circulation in the rat. Another aim was to test whether age changes the influence of tonically synthetised nitric oxide [NO] on arterial blood pressure [ABP] and on carotid circulation. Further, to investigate the effect of NO synthesis inhibition on carotid vascular responses euoted by noradrenaline in three age groups of rats. In anaesthetised rats aged 4-5, 10-12 and 42-44 weeks [young, mature, middle-aged respectively], carotid blood flow [CBF] and carotid vascular conductance [CVC] were recorded during infusion of noradrenaline [2.5/micro g.kg[-1]], before and after a bolus dose of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME [10mg.kg[-1]]. In mature and middle-aged rats, noradrenaline infusion increased mean ABP to 180mmHg, but only to 150mmHg in young rats. Concomitantly, CVC decreased more in mature and middle-aged, than in young rats: CBF remained constant in young, but decreased in mature and middle-aged rats. NO synthase inhibition produced similar increases in baseline ABP in all groups, but decreased CVC and CBF more in mature and middle-aged rats. Following NO inhibition, noradrenaline infusion increased ABP to similar levels as before in young and mature rats, but to higher levels in middle-aged rats. Further, CVC fell in young and mature, but not in middle-aged rats, in whom CBF increased with ABP.Thus, in young rats there was a weak noradrenaline-evoked pressor response and decrease in CVC. By contrast, in mature and middle-aged rats, noradrenaline evoked a strong pressor response and decrease in CVC. In young and mature rats, NO seems not to limit the noradrenaline-evoked increases in ABP or decreases in CVC. However, by middle age NO limits noradrenaline-evoked pressor response and prevents breakthrough of CBF Autoregulation. The three age groups showed good autoregulatory response of carotid circulation during a pressor response induced by noradrenaline. However, the constrictor responses evoked by noradrenaline is weak in youngs before the age of sexual maturity. On the other hand, by middle-age and well before old age, the constrictor influences of noradrenaline in carotid circulation have begun to weaken. Moreover, by middle age, the dilator influence of NO helps to prevent breakthrough of Autoregulation of CBF at the upper end of the range

genome scan inference to the genetic evaluation of selected and randombred chicken populations

The genome scans were obtained for three lines of chickens: genotyping for homozygous nakednecks [line N], homozygous normal feathering [line F] and their randombred population [line C]. Lines N and F have undergone massive selection for two generations for increased 6-week body weight. The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic changes associated with selection or random breeding. Six pooled DNA samples within line and generation were scanned by five decamer RAPD-PCR primers. The averages of allelic bands were 11, 10.6, and 9.6 bands for lines N, F and C, respectively. Bands with polymorphic nature were detected and averaged 71.5, 66.7 and 59.3% of the total allelic bands in the respective lines. The monomorphic alleles averaged 3.3, 8.2 and 8.6%, and line-specific bands were also observed and averaged 9.7, 10.8, and 6.2%. The line-specific bands were mainly attributed to selection and poorly to the random genetic drift. The recognition of monomorphic and line-specific allelic bands revealed the reliable contribution of genome scanning in recognition of line specificity. The change in allele frequency over two selected generations in lines N and F demonstrated allelic bands with downward trend and others with upward trend, concluding that genomic alleles may be employed to monitor the changes in allele frequency over subsequent generations. Allelic coalescence points were estimated and the copies descended from ancestral alleles to the second generation were estimated to be 29.56, 28.20 and 37.56% of the total allelic bands scored in lines N, F and C. Number of gene trees were formed due to the accumulation of transmitted ancestral alleles and totaled 22, 12, and 15 in the respective lines. The estimation of rate of coalescence points and tracing ancestral alleles is of significance for small-sized selected and inbred populations. The results of genomic variability reported in lines N and F indicated that a further selection progress is anticipated in each. The genetic distance between lines N and F after two generations of selection was 1.03, and both were genetically distant from line C by 1.15 and 0.81. The results denote to the significance of genome scanning in the evaluation of breeding programs

Role of ghrelin in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogues, was originally isolated from rat stomach. Ghrelin exhibits a wide variety of actions including vasodilatation, increasing appetite, interaction with hypothalamic nuclei stimulating feeding and determining body weight gain, blocking leptininduced feeding reduction implying that there is a competitive interaction between ghrelin and leptin and increasing gastrointestinal motility. To clarify the haemodynamic and metabolic role of ghrelin in normotensive pregnant female, pregnancy induced hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive pregnant femaleand preclampsia. 120 pregnant womenwere divided into 4 groups [normal, pregnancy-associated hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preclampsia], each group included 30 pregnant women. Pregnant women, at 20-26 weeks, 26-32 weeks and after 32 weeks, were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations as blood picture, urine analysis, liver function tests and measurement of serum ghrelin, eptin, nitric oxide, lipid profile, insulin and glucose. Glomerular filtration rate [GFR], body mass index [BMI] and pregnancy outcome were also determined. Arterial blood pressure [ABP] [systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure], ghrelin, leptin and cholesterol were increased while nitric oxide was decreased in pregnancy associated hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension [PIH] and preclampsia relative to normal pregnancy. Red blood cells [ABCs], platelets, GFR, HDL were decreased whereas SGOT, SGPT, fasting glucose, proteinuria and BMI were increased in preclampsia relative to other groups. Serum triglycerides and LDL were increased in pregnancy associated hypertension, preclampsia relative to normal pregnancy and PH. However, serum insulin was non significantly changed in all groups. Elevated ghrelin level, in pregnant women suffering from pre-existing chronic hypertension, PIH and preclampsia seems to play an important role in insulin level regulation, energy balance and bodyweight homeostasis, as well as control of cardiac and hemoclynamic functions

Desipramine versus ropivacaine for prolonged cutaneous analgesia in rats

Desipramine is a tricyclic anti depressant that has a potent local anesthetic activity comparable to ropivacaine. In keeping with the objective of identifying drugs for prolonged cutaneous analgesia, we compared the cutanaous analgesic effectiveness of desipramine and ropivacaine in rats. Rats were subcutaneously injected in shaved dorsal skin. The skin wheal raised after injection of 0.6 ml of various concentrations of either desipramine or ropivacaine with and without epinephrine 1,200,000 was marked. Inhibition of the Cutaneous trunci muscle reflex was evaluated quantitatively by the fraction of times a total of six pinpricks applied to the marked area failed to elicit a nocifensive motor response compared with control responses. No responses out of six pinpricks was defined as 100% maximum possible effect. Complete recovery from the cutaneous analgesia elicited by 0.05% and 0.5 desipramine versus 0.05% and 0.5- ropivacaine occurred in 9.7 +/- 0.2 and 19,3 +/- 0.4 versus 2.2 +/- 0.1 and 16.1 +/- 0.2h, respectively [Mean +/- SE]. Addition of epincphrine increase this duration to 14.1 +/- 0.1 and 21.4 +/- 0.2 versus 3.2 +/- 0.1 and 17.0 +/- 0.3 h, respectively. Complete nociceptive blockade after coinjection of 0.25%, desipramine 0.25% ropivacainc and epinephrine lasted 24 +/- 0.5 h, and complete recovery from this block took 33 +/- 0.5 h. Areas under the percent maximum possible effect [MPE] versus time curve were 1.77 +/- 0.24 and 1.47 +/- 0.5% h for 0.5% desipramine and ropivacaine with epinephrine, respectively, and this value was 2.83 +/- 0.62 h. for the coinjected 0.25% desipramine, 0.25 ropivacaine, and epinephrine admixture. Desipramine is a longer-acting local anesthetic [LA] compared with ropivacaine for cutaneous infiltration. Its analgesic effectiveness is significantly enhanced by epinephrine. Coinjection of desipramine and ropivacaine with epinephrine enhances the analgesic duration of both drugs

Sperm-mediated gene transfer in poultry :1.The relationship with cock sperm viability

The cock spermatozoa were used in this study as vectors for gene transfer. The objectives of the study were to assess the efficacy of the sperm to uptake exogenous DNA in relation to sperm viability. Two trials were carried out. Trial 1 was achieved to assess the effects of semen dilution [4 microl diluent/1 microl semen], heat incubation [exposure of semen to 37[0]C for 30 minutes] and the addition of lipofectin and their combinations on sperm characteristics. The sperm motility in the heat incubated or the diluted semen was 79% and was significantly less than that estimated for the un-treated semen [90%]. However, no significant effects of heat incubation or semen dilution were mostly observed in the percentages of live, dead and abnormal sperm. The combination of heat incubation and semen dilution resulted in more reduction in the sperm motility compared to that occurred by either one. The addition of lipofectin to the diluted semen then heat incubated significantly detracted the motility and the percentage of live sperm, and increased the percentages of dead and abnormal sperm, and the effect was positively associated with lipofectin concentration. Trial 2, was designed to assess the effects of lipofectin [5%] addition on the fusion of DNA into the sperm and sperm viability. The exogenous DNA used was the plasmid pUC18, and two specific primers [forward and reverse] were used to recognize the existence of exogenous DNA in the sperm through the PCR analysis. It was observed that the plasmid DNA was successfully internalized into the sperm treated and un-treated with lipofectin. However, the DNA fragment recognized in the sperm incubated with lipofectin was apparently of higher yield. It was concluded that lipofectin stabilizes and facilitates the fusion of DNA into the sperm. The sperm motility and percentage of live sperm reached to 56.7% and 65.1% in the diluted semen incubated with lipofectin [5%]- DNA mixture, vs 75% and 90.6% in the diluted semen incubated with DNA only. This indicates that the addition of lipofectin to the sperm, for some extent, depressed their viability and subsequently the availability for fertilization. Because of the necessity of using lipofectin to enhance the fusion of DNA into the sperm, therefore it may be used at low concentration [5%, in this experiment

diagnostic value of monoclonal antibody panel in cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma

The interface between Hodgkin's lymphoma [HL] and B-cell NHL has become more ambiguous in recent years. Yet, the clinical presentation, prognosis, and treatment requirement of Hodgkin's lymphoma are very different from most B-cell NHL. Thus, distinguishing between those lymphomas is still mandatory. Reviewing and immunophenotyping [using a monoclonal antibody panel] of cases diagnosed by routine histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] as Hodgkin's lymphoma, subtyping the cases in view of the new classification based on morphologic and immunophenotypic data, as well as studying the efficacy of human fascin antibody as a new marker for Reed-Sternberg cells. All cases were submitted to pathological examination of the routine H and E stained section as well as immunohistochemical evaluation of fascin, CD30, CD 15, CD20, and CD3 expression with subsequent re-evaluation of cases and establishing a final diagnosis based on morphologic and immunophenotypic data. In the present work, positive immunostaining for fascin was expressed in 97.7% of classic HL, CD30 in 80.9%, CD 15 in 70.2%, and CD20 in 10.6%. Only 26 cases [57.7%] showed coexpression of CD30 and CD15. After the review of immunohistochemical slides the diagnosis was confirmed in 37 cases of classic HL. Problematic cases were reclassified into CHL of mixed cellularity subtype [2 cases], CHL of lymphocyte rich subtype [2 cases], and CHL of the lymphocyte depletion subtype [2 cases]. Two additional cases were classified as T-cell rich large B-cell lymphoma [TCRBCL]. Two cases remained unclassified after immuno staining. The present study emphasized that immunohistochemistry supports and refines the H and E based diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma and that Fascin is a sensitive marker for RS cells and may be used to differentiate between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in difficult cases. Furthermore, complete immunohistochemical panel is needed to distinguish between T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma and lymphocyte rich-classic Hodgkin's lymphoma whether nodular or diffuse taking into consideration that absence of CD 30 or CD 15 immuno staining or expression of CD20 does not 'rule out the diagnosis of classic Hodgkin 's lymphoma and that coexpression of CD 30 and CD 15 when coupled with CDS expression necessitates complementary studies

Improved physico-mechanical properties of piroxicam beads

Spherical beads of poorly soluble drug, piroxicam were prepared by dispersing the drug in solutions of ionic polysaccharide sodium alginate and then dropping these dispersions into solution of the counterion calcium chloride. The droplets instantaneously formed gelled spheres by ionotropic gelation. Strong spherical beads could be prepared with high yield and a drug content approaching 100%. The flow properties of micronized rods like crystals were significantly improved by this agglomeration technique when compared with non-agglomerated drug crystals. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, size, image analysis, dissolution tests and compression properties were used to characterize the drug beads. Beads [B5] formulated using 1% sodium alginate and 3% calcium chloride gave the most preferable results as compared to other compositions

Bioactive benzopyrone derivatives from new recombinant fusant of marine streptomyces

In our search for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine Streptomycetes, three microbial benzopyrone derivatives [1-3], 7-methylcoumarin [1] and the flavonoides, Rhamnazin [2] and Cirsimaritin [3], were obtained during the working up of the ethyl acetate fraction of a marine Streptomyces fusant obtained from protoplast fusion between Streptomyces sp. Merv 1996 and Streptomyces sp. Merv 7409. The structures of the three compounds [1-3] were established by NMR, mass, UV spectra, and by comparison with literature data. Marine Streptomyces strains were identified based on their taxonomical studies, type of cell wall and G+C content as two different bioactive strains of the genus Streptomyces. We described additionally, the fermentation, isolation, as well as the biological activity. The isolates [1-3] are reported here as microbial products for the first time

effect of trypan blue anterior capsular stainning on lens epithelial cells: a histopathological study

The aim of the present study is to detect the histopathological impact of trypan blue dye on anterior capsular epithelial cells of the anterior capsules stained with trypan blue dye during phacoemulsification. Twenty cataractous eyes underwent anterior capsule staining using 1 mL typan blue dye 0.5%, under air as apart of a routine phacoemulsification of the cataractous lens. Anterior capsulorhexis was done and the obtained anterior capsule flaps were sent for histopathological examination. As a control group, 20 cataractous eyes underwent phacoemulsification without capsular staining and the flaps were sent for histological examination compareing the findings in both groups. The histopathological examination of the stained capsules demonstrate, focally ragged and irregular outer limit of the capsule with reduction of thickness and considerable loss of cells and change in the viability of the residual epithelial cells compared with the unstained capsules. Staining the anterior lens capsule during cataract surgery using the most popular trypan blue dye appears not only to facilitate capsular visualization but also can attack the lens epithelial cells, the main source for capsule opacification. Further studies and clinical correlation is mandatory to further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the dye on different ocular structures and its effect on posterior capsule opacification

Preservative-free lidocaine 1%: a new approach for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification [PCO]: a clinical study

The aim of the present study is to detect the effect of preservative-free lidocaine 1% applied into the capsular bag by the end of phacoemulsification on the behaviour of posterior capsule opacification [PCO]. Thirty patients aged from 40-65 years [mean 52.2 +/- 6.38SD] presented by bilateral cataracts were included. Patients were randomly divided into two study groups; Group 1: Comprised 30 eyes in which 1.0 mL preservative-free lidocaine 1% was applied for irrigating the capsular bag before in the bag implantation. Group 2 [control group]: Comprised the fellow eyes [30 eyes] of the first group patients with no application of preservative-free lidocaine 1% during phacoemulsification. The mean follow-up period was 8.7 +/- 2.58 months, however 10 patients could achieved a follow-up period of 12 months. No intra-operative complications reported in both groups. A mild to moderate anterior segment reaction [flare + and ++] was reported in the early postoperative, with no statistical difference between both groups. An immediate spike of increased IOP was reported in 5 eyes [16.6%] of group 1 [Lidocaine group] and 4 eyes [13.3%] of group 2, however the mean postoperative IOP by the end of the follow-up period was 14.26 +/- 1.48 mm Hg and 13.86 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in both group 1 and 2 respectively, with no statistical differences between both groups. No major corneal complications reported in both groups and specular microscopic examination by the end of 6 months follow-up revealed no gross abnormalities. The mean post-operative endothelial cell count was 2742/mm3 +/- 534.81 with no statistical difference between both groups and the pre-operative count. Five eyes of group 1 [16.66%] treated with preservative free lidocaine 1% developed posterior capsule opacity detected by slit lamp examination at the end of the follow-up period with Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy was applied for 2 eyes with dense PCO, however 10 eyes [33.33%] in group 2 [control group], developed posterior capsule opacification and Nd: YAG capsulotomy was applied to clarify the visual axis. Preservative-free lidocaine 1% might decrease the incidence and density of post-cataract posterior capsule opacification compared with eyes not treated with lidocaine intraoperatively with no major intraocular complications

Evaluation of subtotal splenectomy in the management of hereditary spherocytosis

To evaluate the clinical and hematological response to subtotal splenectomy in children with hereditary spherocytosis [HS]. The authors analyzed the main clinical and hematological features in 18 patients with HS treated by subtotal splenectomy. The average age at the time of operation was 4 years. The indications for subtotal oplenetomy were hypersplenism and severe anemia. The diagnosis of HS was made according to standard methods. The lower three fourth of the spleen were removed and the upper pole was preserved. The effect on hemolytic rate was assessed by comparing the presurgical and postsurgical values of hemoglobin, reticulocyte number and RBC life span. The residual splenic phagocytic function was assessed using technetium 99m scan and number of pitted red cells. The splenic regrowth were measured by ultrasonography. There were no complications related to the surgical procedure in any of the 18 children. The mean follow up period was 30 +/- 8 months. At the end of follow up hemoglobin increased on the average by 3 gm/dl, reticulocyte count decreased by 300x10[6]/L, and bilirubin level decreased. Normal technetium uptake was noted in the splenic remnant. Splenic regrowth were noted in 4 patients, two of them still need more than 2 transfusion/ year. No postoperative overwhelming infection occurred. Subtotal splenectomy can be performed without major blood loss in patients with HS. Up to 95% of the spleen can be safely removed. It is effective in decreasing the hemolytic rate while maintaining residual splenic function

Cryosurgery versus pulsed co[2] laser in treatment of basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma [BCC] is the most common human malignancy and the most common malignant skin tumor. Although BCC has a low mortality, it has a large morbidity. Several modalities have been used in the treatment of BCC, however, it remains to be established which one is the best in terms of safety, cosmetic outcome and cost-effectiveness. Cryosurgery for BCC treatment is an approach currently in progress, with many technical and prognostic advantages. Also, CO2 laser ablation has been advocated as an alternative therapeutic modality for basal cell carcinoma. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the outcome of two of the most commonly used modalities, the cryosurgery and pulsed CO2 laser, in treatment of superficial [S] and nodular [N] BCCs. Thirty-two patients with histopathologically verified BCCs, 17 superficial and 15 nodular lesions were selected and included in 2 equal groups: group I, treated by cryosurgery and group II by pulsed CO2 laser. Follow-up period was restricted to 1 year with close follow-up for the first 3 months. The efficacy, tolerability, and cosmetic outcome were all assessed. While complete [100%] cure was reported with either procedures in treatment of superficial types of BCC, cryosurgery was found significantly more successful in treating nodular BCCs [P=0.04] and the overall efficacy was significantly better with cryosurgery than CO2 laser [P=O.04]. The healing time was shorter with cryosurgery than CO2 laser, with less erythema [P<0.001] and less wound leakage [P<0.008]. No statistically significant difference was found between either procedures concerning the cosmetic outcome. In conclusion, cryosurgery is an easy, quick, low-cost and well-tolerated therapeutic modality that offers an acceptable cure rate with good functional and cosmetic results in BCCs treatment

Effect of some flower extracts of Egyptian clover[Trifolium alexandrinum] on renal function of induced diabetic albino rats

Effect of treatment with hexane, ethanol and water extracts of Egyptian clover flowers [ECF] Trifolium alexandrinum on streptozotocine induced diabetic albino rats was studied.By the end of the experiment control rats gained 38.91 % of their original body mass. In the other hand diabetic group lost 30.82 % while the ECF extracts treated diabetic groups showed no significant change in their body mass. Streptozotocine induced diabetes produced remarkable effects on rats kidney function. Serum total protein, albumen, urea, uric acid and creatinine were significantly increased. In the other" hand, serum sodium and chloride were significantly decreased while potassium and magnesium was not significantly changed. Daily urine volume and consequently renal excretion of albumen, urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium and chloride were significantly increased. Remarkable improvement of renal function of diabetic rats was observed after treating with .ECF extracts especially the group treated with water extract

Synthesis of 5,6,10,11-tetrahydro-4H,8H-pyrano[4',3':4,5] pyrrolo [3,2,1ij] quinolin-8-ones; 3,4,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3',4':2,3] indolo [1,7-AB] [1] benzazepin-1-ones and 7,11-dihydropyrano [4',3':4,5] pyrrolo [3,2-C] quinolin-10 [8H]-ones

The synthesis of 5,6,10,11-tetrahydro-4H,8H-pyrano[4',3':4,5] pyrrolo [3,2,1-ij] quinolin-8-ones 5a-b; 3,4,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano [4',3':2,3] indoIo [1,7-ab][1] benzazepin-1-ones 9a-b and 7,11-dihydropyrano [4',3':4,5] pyrrolo [3,2-c] quinolin-10 [8H] ones 13c-f via Fischer-indolization method is described

Attempted synthesis of spiro [3H-Indole-3,5'-4'H] [1,3,4] oxadiazole

Reaction of [1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene] carboxylic acid hydrazides 10-27 with acetic anhydride did not afford the expected spiro [3H-indole-3,5'-4'H][1,3,4]oxadizole]-2[1H]-ones, but instead, transacylation was observed. An explanation for this experimental finding was disclosed. IR, 1H-NMR and MS spectral data of the prepared compounds were given and their electron impact fragmentation were interpreted

Synthesis and biological activity of certain pyridobenzodiazepine derivatives

The present work comprises the synthesis of 6,11-dihydro-5H-pyrido [2,3-b] [1,5] benzodiazepine-5-one derivatives 5-7 by condensation of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylnicotinic acid [1] with 1,2-phenylenediamines 2-4 using t-butoxyethanol as solvent. Monoalkylation of 5-7 using one equivalent of the appropriate alkyl halide and 30% NaOH in dimethylsulfoxide gave the 6-alkyl derivatives 8-19. Some of the prepared compounds were preliminary screened for CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities