ABSTRACT
Objectives@#We aimed to estimate the space-time distribution of the risk of suicide mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2016. @*Methods@#In this repeated cross-sectional study, the age-standardized risk of suicide mortality from 2006 to 2016 was determined. To estimate the cumulative and temporal risk, the Besag, York, and Mollié and Bernardinelli models were used. @*Results@#The relative risk of suicide mortality was greater than 1 in 43.0% of Iran’s provinces (posterior probability >0.8; range, 0.46 to 3.93). The spatio-temporal model indicated a high risk of suicide in 36.7% of Iran’s provinces. In addition, significant upward temporal trends in suicide risk were observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, Kermanshah, and Gilan. A significantly decreasing pattern of risk was observed for men (β, -0.013; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.010 to -0.007), and a stable pattern of risk was observed for women (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.010 to 0.007). A decreasing pattern of suicide risk was observed for those aged 15-29 years (β, -0.006; 95% CrI, -0.010 to -0.0001) and 30-49 years (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.018 to -0.002). The risk was stable for those aged >50 years. @*Conclusions@#The highest risk of suicide mortality was observed in Iran’s northwestern provinces and among Kurdish women. Although a low risk of suicide mortality was observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and Gilan, the risk in these provinces is increasing rapidly compared to other regions.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the present study was to determine the association between completed suicides and season of the year in Iran during 2006-2010. Data on completed suicides were collected by questionnaires field out by the family members of the victims in Legal Medicine Centers throughout the country over the period from 2006 to 2010. The maximum number of completed suicides [380] was observed in August, while the minimum number [231] was reported in February. Season-wise, completed suicides were most prevalent in summer [1040], whereas least prevalent in winter [726]. Mean [SD] age of individuals having committed suicide was 31.5 [14.6] years. This value did not change significantly in different seasons [P=0.051]; nor, was a statistically significant difference observed in the educational level and the reason for suicide across different seasons of the year. Self-immolation and toxic poisoning were found to be significantly less common in autumn and winter [P<0.05], respectively. The number of completed suicides was higher in warm seasons. Season of the year had significant relationships with gender as well the method of suicide, while no significant association was observed for age, level of education, and reason for suicide
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Seasons , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A 21-year-old female presented with progressive bilateral visual loss for the past 8 years. The patient had no history of systemic disease, surgery or medications. Complete ophthalmologic examination and topography were performed. On ophthalmic examination, uncorrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 2.5 m [20/50 with pinhole] in the right and left eyes. Both corneas appeared hazy on gross examination. On slit-lamp biomicroscopy, focal grayish-white opacities with indistinct borders were noted in the superficial and deep corneal stroma of both eyes. Both corneas were thin and bulging. Corneal topography showed a pattern consistent with keratoconus. The patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty [PKP]. Histopathologic studies after PKP confirmed the diagnosis of macular corneal dystrophy and keratoconus in the same eye. The patient was clinically diagnosed as a case of concurrent macular dystrophy and keratoconus, which is a very rare presentation