ABSTRACT
Early mobilization is beneficial for critically ill patients because it reduces muscle weakness acquired in intensive care units. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and passive cycle ergometry (PCE) on the nitrous stress and inflammatory cytometry in critically ill patients. This was a controlled, randomized, open clinical trial carried out in a 16-bed intensive care unit. The patients were randomized into four groups: Control group (n=10), did not undergo any therapeutic intervention during the study; PCE group (n=9), lower-limb PCE for 30 cycles/min for 20 min; FES group (n=9), electrical stimulation of quadriceps muscle for 20 min; and FES with PCE group (n=7), patients underwent PCE and FES, with their order determined randomly. The serum levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukins 6 and 10 were analyzed before and after the intervention. There were no differences in clinical or demographic characteristics between the groups. The results revealed reduced nitric oxide concentrations one hour after using PCE (P<0.001) and FES (P<0.05), thereby indicating that these therapies may reduce cellular nitrosative stress when applied separately. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were reduced after the PCE intervention (P=0.049). PCE and FES reduced nitric oxide levels, demonstrating beneficial effects on the reduction of nitrosative stress. PCE was the only treatment that reduced the tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive/methods , Cytokines/blood , Critical Illness/therapy , Nitrosative Stress/physiology , Biomarkers/blood , Critical Illness/rehabilitation , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Electric Stimulation/methods , Quadriceps Muscle/physiopathology , Inflammation/immunology , Inflammation/metabolism , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are inflammatory diseases with different bone remodeling patterns. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are cells involved in the transition from an acute and reparable phase to a chronic and persistent stage in these diseases. The distinction of joint phenotypes involves inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-22 directly or through key signaling pathways such as Wnt. To evaluate the role of FLS as the source of Wnt antagonists (sFRP3/FRZB and Dkk1) in the synovia, levels of TNF- α, IL-17, IL-22, Dkk1, and sFRP3 were measured by ELISA directly in the synovial fluid of patients with RA, PsA, or AS. Dkk1 and sFRP3 were also measured in the FLS culture supernatants after different inflammatory stimulus. sFRP3 and Dkk1 are constitutively expressed by FLS. IL-22 and sFRP3 were positively correlated (r=0.76; P<0.01) in synovial fluid. The stimulation of FLS with IL-22, but not TNF-alpha and IL-17, increased the production of sFRP3. No stimulus altered the basal expression of Dkk1. These results showed, for the first time, the ability of IL-22 to increase the expression of sFRP3/FRZB by human FLS in both in vitro and ex vivo models. This finding linked IL-22 to local inhibition of Wnt signaling and possibly to blockade of osteogenesis. Furthermore, FLS presented as a source of this inhibitor in synovial fluid, assigning to this cell a bone injury mechanism.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Interleukins/metabolism , Synoviocytes , Synovial Membrane , Cells, Cultured , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , FibroblastsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of 0.05% brilliant blue on corneal endothelium of horses. Thirty-eight corneas of 19 horses, male or female, of different ages were studied. Corneas were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Corneal endothelium was covered with 0.3mL of brilliant blue 0.05% for 60 seconds followed by rinsing with a balanced salt solution. Group 2: Corneal endothelium was covered with BSS for 60 seconds. The corneas were excised with an 8mm trephine and prepared to analyze posterior endothelial surface using a light microscope (24 corneas) and a scanning electron microscope (14 corneas). The equine posterior corneal endothelium surface observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous layer of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape in both the control and treatment groups. Due to non-normal residuals at ANOVA mean comparison, a generalized linear model was utilized at 5% level of significance. The chi-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different statistically. The 0.05% brilliant blue did not cause damage to equine corneal endothelium.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos imediatos de uma solução de 0,05% de azul brilhante sobre o endotélio da córnea de equinos. Trinta e oito córneas de 19 cavalos, machos ou fêmeas, de diferentes idades foram estudadas. As córneas foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Grupo 1: O endotélio corneano foi perfundido com 0,3mL de azul brilhante 0,05% durante 60 segundos seguido por irrigação com uma solução salina balanceada. Grupo 2: O endotélio corneano foi perfundido com BSS durante 60 segundos. As córneas foram posteriormente excisadas com trépano de 8mm e preparadas para análise endotelial utilizando um microscópio óptico (24 córneas) e um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (14 córneas). A análise da superfície posterior do endotélio da córnea equina observada por microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelou uma camada contínua de células poligonais de tamanho e forma uniformes tanto no grupo controle quanto no grupo tratamento. Devido aos resíduos não normais na comparação da média de ANOVA, utilizou-se um modelo linear generalizado com nível de significância de 5%. Evidenciou-se com o teste qui-quadrado que não houve diferença estatística entre o grupo controle e o grupo tratamento. O azul brilhante de 0,05% não causou dano ao endotélio corneano de equinos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/veterinary , Endothelium, Corneal , Coloring Agents/analysis , HorsesABSTRACT
The surgical treatment of breast cancer has been enhanced throughout the years in order to offer oncologically safer and more effective results with lower esthetic impact and fewer sequelae. The lymphedema of the upper limb is still an iatrogenic result of great incidence and morbidity after this treatment. A possible existence of independent breast and upper limb lymphatic pathways has become the issue of many researchers willing to minimize its occurrence. This review aims to compare the lymphatic pathways in the axilla described by traditional anatomy books and recently published articles about Axillary Reverse Mapping (ARM). With this purpose, a comparative table was made with the descriptions found in books and articles, a statistic table of the data collected, a flowchart of anastomoses among nodes and an analytical drawing of the most statistically mentioned drained areas. It was observed that there is great variability in the descriptions of drainage and anastomoses among the lymph nodes in the references used, so there should be a consensus of a universal description which also assembles possible anatomical variations. Furthermore, the findings brought about by recent studies show possible anastomoses among pathways and lymph nodes, however they have not been taken into consideration when ARM was initially proposed. Therefore, the axillary resection with the preservation of the posterior and lateral axillary lymph nodes is theoretically possible to avoid lymphedema of the upper limb, but the development of an updated universal description that involves all possible anatomical variations will provide a safer and more effective treatment.
El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama ha mejorado a lo largo de los años con el fin de ofrecer resultados oncológicamente más seguros y eficaces con menor impacto estético y menos secuelas. El linfedema del miembro superior es todavía un resultado iatrogénico de gran incidencia y morbilidad después de este tratamiento. La posible existencia de vías linfáticas de mama y de los miembros superiores independientes se ha convertido en un tema central de muchas investigaciones para lograr minimizar su ocurrencia. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo comparar las vías linfáticas en la axila descritas en los libros de anatomía tradicionales con artículos recientemente publicados sobre Mapeo Reverso Axilar (MRA). Con este fin, se realizó un cuadro comparativo con las descripciones y un diagrama de flujo de las anastomosis entre los nodos, además de un dibujo analítico de las áreas drenadas estadísticamente más mencionadas. Se observó que existe una gran variabilidad en las descripciones sobre el drenaje y las anastomosis entre los nodos linfáticos, por lo que la descripción universal no debería ser considerada un consenso debido a que también presenta posibles variaciones anatómicas. Por otra parte, los resultados producidos por los estudios recientes muestran posibles anastomosis entre las vías y los nodos linfáticos, sin embargo, no se han tomado en consideración cuando se propuso inicialmente el MRA. Por lo tanto, la resección axilar con la preservación de la parte posterior y los nodos linfáticos axilares laterales es teóricamente posible para evitar el linfedema del miembro superior, pero el desarrollo de una descripción universal actualizada, que incluya todas las posibles variaciones anatómicas, proporcionará un tratamiento más seguro y eficaz.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast/anatomy & histology , Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Lymphatic Vessels/anatomy & histology , Lymphedema/prevention & control , Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology , Axilla , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Drainage , Lymphedema/etiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The temperature control in the processing room is one of the major factors associated with the production of safe food with a satisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 288 samples of skinless chicken breast meat were placed in a cutting room, subjected to four different temperatures (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC and 18ºC) and collected to evaluate the influence of the room temperature on the microbiological quality during the cutting and boning of chicken breasts. Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were counted to evaluate the environmental contamination. In addition, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC and Staphylococcus spp. were counted, and an analysis for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins and Salmonella spp. was performed to determine the microbiological quality of the meat. The results showed an increase in environmental contamination (P=0.01) with an increase in room temperature. However, no significant differences (PË0.05) were observed in the meat cuts regarding the counts of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, the count of Staphylococcus spp. and the presence of Salmonella spp. Moreover, no staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in the samples analyzed. Thus, despite increasing the environmental contamination, the increase in the cutting room temperature did not affect the microbiological quality of the final product.(AU)
O controle da temperatura do ambiente de processamento é um dos principais fatores relacionados à produção de alimentos seguros e com qualidade microbiológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura ambiente durante o corte e a desossa da carne de frangos sobre a qualidade microbiológica dos produtos finais, foram coletadas 288 amostras de carne de peito de frango sem pele, obtidas em uma sala de cortes climatizada submetida a quatro diferentes temperaturas ambientes (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC e 18ºC). Para avaliação da contaminação ambiental, foi realizada a contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios e, para a avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da carne, foram realizadas a contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, a contagem de Staphylococcus spp., a pesquisa de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um aumento da contaminação ambiental (P=0,01) à medida que a temperatura da sala foi aumentada. Porém, nos cortes cárneos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (PË0,05) na contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, na contagem de Staphylococcus spp. e na pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Também não foi detectada a presença de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas nas amostras analisadas. Foi concluído que, apesar da elevação da contaminação ambiental, o aumento da temperatura ambiente da sala de cortes não comprometeu a qualidade microbiológica do produto final.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Enterotoxins , Environmental Pollution , Microbiological Techniques , Poultry , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Chickens , Food Microbiology , Meat/analysis , Salmonella , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
Objetivou-se utilizar o plasma rico em plaquetas, obtido por técnica capaz de produzir um produto autólogo, com reduzido número de leucócitos e hemácias, e avaliar, por meio de radiografias, a capacidade de cicatrização de uma falha óssea induzida no rádio de coelhos. Foram coletados 10,5mL de sangue por via intracardíaca, o qual foi distribuído em três tubos de hemossedimentação contendo citrato de sódio. Os tubos contendo as amostras foram submetidos a uma centrifugação a 2.000rpm (670,8G) por 20 minutos, e da coluna de sedimentação foram aspirados de cada tubo 1.000µL de plasma para a redução do volume sobrenadante. Aspirou-se o plasma acima do anel de leucócitos e transferiu-se para outro tubo para centrifugação a 2.000rpm por 10 minutos. O conteúdo plaquetário no fundo do tubo foi ressuspendido e homogeneizado a 1.000µL do plasma sobrenadante para formar o PRP líquido. Uma falha de 1,0cm foi realizada no rádio esquerdo de cada coelho. O tempo de consolidação foi observado por meio de exame radiográfico aos 45 e 90 dias de pós-operatório (PO). As imagens foram comparadas entre o grupo controle (G1) e o grupo que recebeu o implante de PRP por via transdérmica (G2). A evolução da cicatrização foi verificada com auxílio do programa Adobe Photoshop CC e em uma escala de cinza que representa o contraste. No G2 foi verificada média de 63% de contraste aos 45 dias de PO e de 65% aos 90 dias de PO. No G2, aos 45 dias de PO, a média encontrada foi de 42,7%, e aos 90 dias de PO, 31,25%, indicando que houve evolução do processo de reparação óssea em comparação ao grupo que não recebeu o implante de PRP. O método de obtenção de plasma rico em plaqueta autólogo de coelhos reduziu o número de leucócitos e hemácias e recuperou o número de plaquetas, sendo este maior ou igual aos valores fisiológicos para a espécie. O PRP obtido foi capaz de acelerar o processo de consolidação óssea em coelhos.
The aim of this study was to use the platelet-rich plasma obtained by a technique capable of producing an autologous product, with a reduced number of white blood cells and red blood cells and assessed by radiographs, the healing ability of a bone defect induced in the radio rabbits. 10.5mL of blood was collected via intracardiac blood sedimentation and distributed into three tubes containing sodium citrate. The tubes containing the samples were subjected to centrifugation at 2,000 rpm (670.8G) for 20 minutes and the sediment column were aspirated from each plasma tube1,000μL to reduce the supernatant volume. The plasma was aspirated from above the leukocytes ring and transferred to another tube for centrifugation at 2,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The platelet content in the tube bottom was resuspended and homogenized to 1,000μL plasma supernatant PRP to form the liquid. A1.0 cm failure was performed on the left radio of each rabbit. The healing time was observed by means of radiographic examination at 45 and 90 days after surgery. The images were compared between the control group (G1) and the group receiving PRP implant transdermally (G2). The healing progress was assessed with the help of Adobe Photoshop program and a gray scale that represents the contrast. G2 had an average of 63% contrast at 45 days PO and 65% at 90 days PO. In G2, at 45 days PO the average was 42.7% and at 90 days PO 31.25% indicating that there was an increase in bone repair process compared to the group that did not receive the PRP implant. The method of obtaining an autologous platelet rich plasma of rabbits reduced the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes and platelets recovered which is greater than or equal to the physiological range for the species. The obtained PRP was able to accelerate the process of bone healing in rabbits.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Erythrocytes , Leukocytes , Bone and Bones/physiology , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Blood Sedimentation , Osseointegration , Radiography , Radiography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: Burkitt lymphoma has a low incidence, is highly aggressive, may be endemic, sporadic or associated with immunodeficiency and it has a high frequency of extranodal involvement. Overall and relapse free survival in HIV patients is 72 and 71% respectively. However, the current protocol in Chile considers a positive HIV serology as an exclusion criterion for intensive chemotherapy. Aim: To analyze the response to Burkitt lymphoma treatment among HIV positive patients. Material and Methods: All HIV positive patients with a Burkitt lymphoma treated using PANDA protocol in a public hospital were analyzed. Results: Eight male patients aged between 25 and 43 years, 63% in stage IV, were analyzed. All patients received an intensified chemotherapy regime, three of them without Rituximab. Complete remission was achieved in 87%. One patient was refractory to treatment and one patient relapsed at 5 months and died. Overall and relapse free survival were 58 and 60% respectively. All patients had episodes of high risk febrile neutropenia, but it did not cause deaths. Conclusions: In this group of HIV patients, intensive chemotherapy for Burkitt lymphoma had a high degree of effectiveness with a low relapse rate and high cure rate.
Subject(s)
Humans , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Sarcopenia/complicationsABSTRACT
Foram estudados parâmetros de incubação e de qualidade física de codornas japonesas neonatas oriundas de ovos submetidos a diferentes condições de armazenamento. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de combinações entre temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento dos ovos férteis. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x5, temperaturas (ambiente (28±1,5ºC) e refrigerada (14ºC)) x períodos de armazenamento (um, três, seis, nove ou doze dias), totalizando 10 tratamentos com 105 repetições, sendo cada ovo uma unidade experimental. Os ovos foram incubados nas condições de 37,9ºC e 60% de umidade relativa (UR). Houve aumento de perda de peso do ovo com o período de armazenamento, com efeito linear positivo. Observou-se maior taxa de eclosão/ovos férteis para os ovos armazenados sob refrigeração. Houve efeito linear negativo para o período de armazenamento sobre a taxa de eclosão somente para os ovos armazenados em 28ºC. Para o peso da codorna neonata, houve efeito linear negativo, independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento. O comprimento do intestino delgado em temperatura ambiente sofreu influência do período de armazenamento, sendo que o período de 12 dias apresentou pior resultado. O pior escore de qualidade física foi encontrado em codornas neonatas oriundas de ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente por 12 dias. Pode-se concluir que, para melhorar a eclosão e a qualidade física da progênie, ovos de codorna devem ser armazenados por até nove dias e em temperatura de 14ºC.
Incubation parameters and physical quality of neonate Japanese quails hatched from eggs that were subject to different storage conditions were evaluated. The treatments consisted of a combination of temperatures and storage periods of hatching eggs from breeder quails. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement 2x5, with two storage temperatures (ambient temperature ± 28°C and refrigerated temperature 14°C) and five storage periods (one, three, six, nine and twelve days), totaling 10 treatments with 105 repetitions, each egg considered to be an experimental unit. The eggs were incubated at 37.9°C with 60% of relative humidity (RH). There was a positive linear effect between egg weight loss and storage period. Higher rates of hatching/fertile eggs were observed for eggs stored in refrigerated conditions. A negative linear effect was observed between storage period and hatching rate when the eggs where stored at a temperature of 28ºC. There was a negative effect for neonate quail weight, independent of storage temperatures. The intestine length was influenced by storage period and 12 days of storage showed the shortest intestine length. Lower scores of physical quality were observed in quails that hatched from eggs stored in ambient temperatures during 12 days. In this context, to improve hatching rates and physical quality of neonate quails the eggs should be stored up to nine days at a temperature of 14°C.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Newborn/anatomy & histology , Coturnix/growth & development , Eggs/analysis , Poultry/embryologyABSTRACT
This article presents a practical guidance model for clinics and hospitals of the Colombian national territory that provides technical support in the process of construction and consolidation of a schematic that shows the real cost inside their clinical engineering departments. For that purpose, an exhaustive technological vigilance has been done, relating to subject matter that compete with the managing cost in hospitable entities of diverse countries in the international arena. In addition, the study accumulates literary demonstrated in benchmarking developed by clinical - hospitable establishments of nations with out-standing standards of quality worldwide. Finally, all the information gathered is brought to the Colombian context to be applicable to the national healthcare system, and to be able to meet regulations and requirements that the Colombian Social Security System requires to clinical engineering departments.
En este artículo se presenta un modelo de orientación práctica para clínicas y hospitales del territorio nacional colombiano, que proporciona apoyo técnico en el proceso de construcción y consolidación de un esquema que muestra el costo real dentro de sus departamentos de ingeniería clínica. Para ello, se ha efectuado una exhaustiva vigilancia tecnológica, en relación con el tema que compita con el costo de gestión en entidades hospitalarias de diversos países en el ámbito internacional. Además, el estudio se compila literatura de la evaluación comparativa desarrollada por establecimientos clínicos - hospitalarios de las naciones con los mejores estándares de calidad en todo el mundo. Por último, toda la información recogida es llevada al contexto colombiano para ser aplicable al sistema nacional de salud, y para ser facilitar el cumplimiento con las normas y requisitos que el sistema de seguridad social colombiano exige a los departamentos de ingeniería clínica.
Este artigo apresenta um modelo de orientação prática para clínicas e hospitais no território colombiano, que presta apoio técnico no processo de construção e consolidação de um diagrama que mostra o custo real dentro de seus departamentos de engenharia clínica. Para este efeito, procedeu a uma vigilância tecnológica completa, em relação ao assunto que compete com o custo de gestão em entidades hospitalares de diferentes países no âmbito internacional. Além, o estudo se compila literatura da avaliação comparativa desenvolvida por estabelecimentos clínicos-Hospitalares das nações com os mais altos padrões de qualidade em todo o mundo. Finalmente, toda a informação recolhida é levada para o contexto colombiano para ser aplicável ao sistema nacional de saúde, e para facilitar o cumprimento das normas e requisitos que o sistema de segurança social colombiana exige aos departamentos de engenharia clínica.
ABSTRACT
In this article, is postulated the integration of the activities for metrology and EB's maintenance (medical equipments), in order that this could be adopted for clinics and hospitals of the national territory. In a such way, which they have a theoretical support to be able to restructure the present flowcharts in his departments of clinical engineering. For such an intention, there has effected an exhaustive technological vigilance relating to subject matter that compete with the regulation, policies and functions that apply to these activities in the country and international entities; giving evidence across a comparison between these, of the diverse discrepancies and failings that are demonstrated on having developed these activities of a way independent, since also, from the opportunities of improvement that can present the institutions of health in Colombia, on having had integrated inside his engineering departments to the above mentioned areas. Finally, all the information gathered is brought to the Colombian context to be applicable to the national healthcare system. The politics of integration is outlined and the model proposes closely for mix the metrology and the maintenance of medical equipment, of a such way that are in limit with the laws that govern them in Colombia.
En este artículo se postula la integración de las actividades de metrología y mantenimiento de EBs (equipos médicos), con el fin de que estas puedan ser adoptadas para clínicas y hospitales del territorio nacional. En una forma tal, que las instituciones tengan un soporte teórico para poder reestructurar los actuales diagramas de flujo en sus departamentos de ingeniería clínica. Con ese objetivo, se ha efectuado una exhaustiva vigilancia tecnológica relacionada con los temas que competen con la regulación, las políticas y las funciones que se aplican a estas actividades en el país y por las entidades internacionales. Este proceso ha generando evidencias a través de una comparación entre estos, de las diversas discrepancias y fallas que se demuestran al haber desarrollado estas actividades de manera independiente. Esto permitirá a su vez, oportunidades de mejora que se pueden obtener y compartir en las instituciones de salud en Colombia, al haber integrado en el interior sus departamentos de ingeniería a las áreas antes mencionadas. Por último, toda la información recogida se lleva al contexto colombiano para ser aplicable al sistema nacional de salud. Las políticas de integración se esbozan. El modelo propone una estrecha mezcla para la metrología y el mantenimiento de equipos médicos, de manera tal que se encuentran en cumplimiento de las leyes que los rigen en Colombia.
Este artigo discute a integração de atividades de metrologia e de manutenção da EBs (equipamento médico), para que estes possam ser adotadas para clínicas e hospitais no território nacional. De tal forma, que tenham um relatório teórico para reestruturar os atuais diagramas de fluxo em departamentos de engenharia clínica. Com esse objetivo, se procedeu a uma exaustiva vigilância tecnologia relacionada com os tópicos relacionados com a regulamentação, as política e as funções que se aplicam a essas atividades no país e por entidades internacionais; gerando evidências através de uma comparação entre estes das várias discrepâncias e falhas que são mostradas ao ter desenvolvido essas atividades de forma independente, permitindo que a partir de oportunidades de melhoria que se podem obter nas instituições de saúde da Colômbia, para ser integrado dentro de seus departamentos de engenharia das áreas tratadas acima. Finalmente, toda a informação recolhida é levada ao contexto colombiano para ser aplicável ao sistema nacional de saúde. As políticas de integração são descritas e o modelo propõe uma estreita mistura para a metrologia e manutenção de equipamentos médicos, para que eles estejam em conformidade com as leis que regem na Colômbia.
ABSTRACT
This study reports on the length-weight relationships and condition factor for the endangered rheophilic fish Ossubtus xinguense Jégu from Rio Xingu rapids. This species is threatened by construction of the third largest hydroelectric in the world, the Belo Monte dam close to the city of Altamira, northern Brazil. Specimens were collected in the dry season between July 2012 and September 2012. Male specimens have body length larger than females, atypical in serrasalmid fishes, and different length-weight relationships were found between adult and juvenile specimens. This study presents the first biological characteristics for O. xinguense.
Este estudo relata as relações pesocomprimento e fator de condição para o peixe reofílico ameaçado de extinção Ossubtus xinguense Jégu. Esta espécie, endêmica das corredeiras do Rio Xingu, é ameaçada pela construção da terceira maior hidrelétrica do mundo, denominada Belo Monte localizada às proximidades da cidade de Altamira, norte do Brasil. Os espécimes foram coletados na estação seca do rio, entre julho e setembro de 2012. Espécimes machos apresentaram tamanho corporal maior que fêmeas, condição atípica entre os peixes serrasalmídeos, e diferentes relações pesocomprimento foram encontradas entre espécimes juvenis e adultos. Este estudo apresenta as primeiras características biológicas para O. xinguense.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals , Characiformes/physiology , Conservation of Natural Resources , Reproduction , Brazil , Characiformes/growth & development , Population Dynamics , Endangered Species , Seasons , Body Weight , RiversSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Behcet Syndrome/diagnosis , Uveitis/diagnosis , Uveitis/etiology , Visual Acuity , Acute Disease , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
El Modelo de Salud Comunitario constituye un aspecto relevante en el desarrollo territorial y puede contribuir en la gestión del cuidado. Para indagar este fenómeno, el año 2011 se realiza un estudio cuantitativo-transversal a tres poblaciones: profesionales de Hospital, Consultorio y Dirigentes sociales que participan activamente en Salud, integrando un universo de 66 personas. El objetivo fue determinar la noción de participación que tienen los profesionales y los dirigentes sociales que participan activamente en salud, para ello se indaga en la asociación entre las Oficinas de Información, Reclamos, Sugerencias y Felicitaciones (O.I.R.S) y las actividades de participación ciudadana en una comuna del sur de Chile. Los resultados indican que las medidas adoptadas por las instituciones de salud están fuertemente influenciadas por conflictos de intereses, favoreciendo acciones de tipo cívico-tuteladas en beneficio de necesidades institucionales y por lo tanto, permea escasamente el desarrollo territorial comunal. Esto provee un espacio de reflexión respecto del rol que le cabe al desarrollo de la Gestión del Cuidado en Atención Primaria de Salud.
The Model Community Health constitutes an important aspect in the territorial development and it can contribute to the health care management. To investigate this phenomenon, in the year of 2011 a quantitative-transverse study is applied to three groups of people: Hospital Professional, Clinic, and Community Leaders, who actively participate in Health, integrating an universe of 66 people. The goal was to establish the notion of the participation of the professionals and community leaders that actively participate in Health, for this reason, it is investigated the association between the Information Offices, Claims, Suggestions and Congratulations (OIRS) and the activities of citizen participation in a commune in southern Chile. The results indicate that the measures taken by Health institutions are strongly influenced by conflicts of interest, boosting civic-type actions to benefit supervised institutional needs and therefore, no influence the communal territorial development. This provides a space for reflection on the role that fits the development of health care management in Primary Health Care.
Subject(s)
Social Planning , Community Participation , Health Management , Chile , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
From fifteen female dogs with clinical diagnoses of pyometra, hematological exams were performed at three times: M0 (prior to the surgery), M24 (24h after ovarysalpingohisterectomy-OSH) and M48 (48h after OSH). Anemia was seen in 80% of the cases, characterized as mild normocytic normochromic type. The means of total leukocyte counts were 27.043, 57.940 and 40.139 céls/µL in M0, M24 and M48. A total of80% of the animals presented neutrophilic left shift in all moments. During medullar exams, the cellular, iron reserve and megakaryocytic concentration were raised as well as the ME ratio, showing a value of 26,3:1,0, probably due to the elevation of granular proliferation and maturation compartment, as the mean of the reserve compartment was within normal range. As 83% of the animals with neutrophilic left shift showed a melullary reserve compartment raised, it can be concluded that female dogs with piometra had left shift of neutrophils with disproportionally between compartments, without segmented medullar saturation.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Bone Marrow/pathology , Pyometra/veterinary , Neutrophils , Blood Cell Count/veterinaryABSTRACT
This work provides information about the sexual commitment and the folliculogenesis of the gatuzo, Mustelus schmitti. A total of 112 females of all maturity stages were fished in the Bahía Blanca estuary, between 2009 and 2010. The oogonia were present throughout the life cycle of the animals. The folliculogenesis follows a pattern similar to other elasmobranchs. The granulosa layer keeps monolayered throughout the folliculogenesis, but with two cell types in the vitellogenic follicle. The zona pellucida forms in the primordial follicles. The thecal system shows a connective inner layer and a glandular outer sheath. The microscopic beginning of the sexual commitment, indicated by the vitello hoarding, takes place in follicles from 500 micrometres, while the macroscopic evidence appears in follicles of 2500-3000 micrometres. The results presented in this study suggest that the fishery pressure may affect a susceptible range of sizes of the species, not previously considered and provides a biological framework for the development of fisheries policy.
Este trabalho provê informações sobre o compromisso sexual e da foliculogênese do gatuzo, Mustelus schmitti. Um total de 112 fêmeas de todas as fases de maturidade foram pescados no estuário Bahía Blanca, entre 2009 e 2010. O oogônias foi presentes durante todo do ciclo de vida dos animais. A foliculogênese segue um padrão semelhante a outros elasmobrânquios. A capa granulosa mantém-se simples durante toda a foliculogénese, mas com dois tipos de células no folículo vitelogênico. A zona pelúcida forma-se nos folículos primordiais. O sistema mostra uma capa tecal interior de tecido conjuntivo e uma bainha exterior glandular. O início microscópico do compromisso sexual, indicado pela acumulação do vitello, realiza-se em folículos de 500 micrómetros, enquanto que a evidência macroscópica aparece em folículos de 2500-3000 micrómetros. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo sugerem que a pressão da pesca pode afetar um amplo intervalo de tamanho das espécies não considerado anteriormente, e fornece uma base biológica para o desenvolvimento de política comum da pesca.
ABSTRACT
This work provides information about the sexual commitment and the folliculogenesis of the gatuzo, Mustelus schmitti. A total of 112 females of all maturity stages were fished in the Bahía Blanca estuary, between 2009 and 2010. The oogonia were present throughout the life cycle of the animals. The folliculogenesis follows a pattern similar to other elasmobranchs. The granulosa layer keeps monolayered throughout the folliculogenesis, but with two cell types in the vitellogenic follicle. The zona pellucida forms in the primordial follicles. The thecal system shows a connective inner layer and a glandular outer sheath. The microscopic beginning of the sexual commitment, indicated by the vitello hoarding, takes place in follicles from 500 micrometres, while the macroscopic evidence appears in follicles of 2500-3000 micrometres. The results presented in this study suggest that the fishery pressure may affect a susceptible range of sizes of the species, not previously considered and provides a biological framework for the development of fisheries policy.
Este trabalho provê informações sobre o compromisso sexual e da foliculogênese do gatuzo, Mustelus schmitti. Um total de 112 fêmeas de todas as fases de maturidade foram pescados no estuário Bahía Blanca, entre 2009 e 2010. O oogônias foi presentes durante todo do ciclo de vida dos animais. A foliculogênese segue um padrão semelhante a outros elasmobrânquios. A capa granulosa mantém-se simples durante toda a foliculogénese, mas com dois tipos de células no folículo vitelogênico. A zona pelúcida forma-se nos folículos primordiais. O sistema mostra uma capa tecal interior de tecido conjuntivo e uma bainha exterior glandular. O início microscópico do compromisso sexual, indicado pela acumulação do vitello, realiza-se em folículos de 500 micrómetros, enquanto que a evidência macroscópica aparece em folículos de 2500-3000 micrómetros. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo sugerem que a pressão da pesca pode afetar um amplo intervalo de tamanho das espécies não considerado anteriormente, e fornece uma base biológica para o desenvolvimento de política comum da pesca.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Fishes/physiology , Oocytes/cytology , Ovarian Follicle/cytology , Ovary/cytology , Reproduction/physiology , Sexual Maturation/physiology , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Fishes/classification , Life Cycle Stages , Ovary/anatomy & histology , SeasonsABSTRACT
Piriformis muscle syndrome has been increasingly recognized as a cause of leg pain. Overuse, strain, or anatomical variations of the relationship between the nerve and the piriformis muscle are thought to be the underlying causes of the entrapment of the sciatic nerve. We report a variation not previously described which was found during a routine dissection. During routine dissection of the left gluteal region of an adult male cadaver we observed a high division of the sciatic nerve and the presence of an accessory piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve divided beneath the piriformis muscle and the common fibular nerve passed over the accessory piriformis muscle, whereas the tibial nerve reflected anteriorly to pass between the accessory piriformis and the superior gemellus muscle. Additionally, both nerves communicated with a side branch under the inferior border of the accessory piriformis muscle and the inferior gluteal nerve originated from the fibular nerve. Anatomical variations in the relationship between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve may be present in up to 17% of the population. Six different variations have been described and none of them is similar to our description. Though complete understanding of the physiopathology of the piriformis muscle syndrome remains to be elucidated, knowledge of the possible anatomical variations may be useful for its adequate diagnosis and treatment.
El síndrome del músculo piriforme se ha reconocido cada vez más como una causa de dolor en los miembros inferiores. Tensión excesiva o variaciones anatómicas del nervio y del músculo piriforme se cree son las causas subyacentes de pinzamiento del nervio isquiático. Se presenta una variación no descrita anteriormente. Durante una disección de rutina en un cadáver de sexo masculino, se observó una división más alta del nervio isquiático y la presencia de un músculo piriforme accesorio. El nervio isquiático se dividía bajo el músculo piriforme y el nervio fibular común pasaba sobre el músculo piriforme accesorio. Por otra parte, el nervio tibial cruzaba entre los músculos piriforme accesorio y gemelo superior. Además, ambos nervios se comunicaban con un ramo lateral bajo el margen inferior del músculo piriforme accesorio y el nervio glúteo inferior se originaba desde el nervio fibular. Variaciones anatómicas y relaciones entre el músculo piriforme y nervio isquiático pueden estar presentes hasta en el 17% de la población. Seis variaciones diferentes se han descrito en este artículo y ninguna es similar a nuestra descripción. A pesar del completo entendimiento de la fisiopatología del síndrome del músculo piriforme, aún queda por esclarecer y conocer las posibles variaciones anatómicas que pueden ser útiles tanto para su diagnóstico como para el tratamiento adecuado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sciatic Nerve/abnormalities , Muscle, Skeletal/abnormalities , Anatomic Variation , Buttocks/innervation , Cadaver , Muscle, Skeletal/innervationABSTRACT
Unlike the venous system, variations in arterial anatomy are less frequent and most of them affect visceral arteries. In limbs, variations of the brachial artery are the most reported and at least six different patterns have been described so far. The commonest is the superficial brachial artery which lies superficially to the median nerve. Much less prevalent are the high origin of the radial artery (brachioradial artery) or the existence of a doubled brachial artery (accessory brachial artery). We present a previously undescribed pattern of brachial artery variation. During dissection of the right upper limb of a 60 year-old male embalmed cadaver, we found the bifurcation of the brachial artery in the proximal portion of the middle third of the arm. Its medial branch reaches the medial aspect of the arm, posterior to the median nerve. Afterwards, this medial branch redirects laterally and crosses again the median nerve, this time lying anterior to the nerve until it reaches the lateral aspect of the arm. At the elbow level, the medial branch originates the radial artery. The lateral branch of the brachial artery remains lateral to the median nerve and continues as ulnar artery and originates the interosseus artery.
A diferencia del sistema venoso, las variaciones en la anatomía arterial son menos frecuentes y la mayoría afecta a las arterias viscerales. En los miembros, las variaciones de la arteria braquial son las más informadas y por lo menos seis diferentes patrones han sido descritos. La variación más común es de la arteria braquial superficial que está superficialmente al nervio mediano. Mucho menos frecuente es el origen alto de la arteria braquial radial (la arteria braquiorradial) o la existencia de una arteria braquial doble (arteria braquial accesoria). Presentamos un patrón de variación no descrito de la arteria braquial observado durante la disección del miembro superior derecho de un cadáver en un hombre de 60 años de edad. Encontramos la bifurcación de la arteria braquial en la porción medial del brazo, pasando posterior al nervio mediano. Luego, esta rama medial se redirecciona lateralmente y cruza nuevamente al nervio mediano, esta vez, anterior a él, hasta alcanzar la región lateral del brazo. A nivel de la flexura del codo, la rama medial origina la arteria radial. La rama lateral de la arteria braquial se mantiene lateral al nervio mediano y continúa como arteria ulnar y origina la arteria interósea común.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Variation , CadaverABSTRACT
This study sought to evaluate the chemical composition of the Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare essential oils and their effect on the growth inhibition of microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa, S. Choleraesuis, A. flavus, A. niger and P. simplicissimum, important food contaminants. The main constituents of the oregano essential oil were 4-terpineol (27.03%), γ-terpinene (20.04%), and β-cymene (6.34%), and the main constituents of the garlic essential oil were diallyl trisulfide (38, 81%), diallyl disulfide (25.23%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (12.52%). Inhibition zones were formed in in vitro tests on the bacteria S. Choleraesuis and P. aeruginosa, except for A. sativum against P. aeruginosa. The inhibition of mycelial growth caused by the oregano essential oil occurred with the concentrations of 0.10, 0.03 and 0.05 mg mL-1 for the A. flavus, A. niger and P. simplicissimum fungi, respectively. The CMI for the garlic oil began at the 0.03 mg mL-1 concentration for all species of fungi. The oils presented an inhibitory effect against the microorganisms studied and constitute an alternative for microbiological control in food.
Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química e o efeito inibitório dos óleos essenciais de Allium sativum e Origanum vulgare frente ao crescimento dos micro-organismos Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Choleraesuis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger e Penicillium simplicissimum, importantes patógenos causadores de contaminações em alimentos. Para quantificação e identificação dos constituintes químicos dos óleos, utilizou-se cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas. Os principais constituintes do óleo essencial de orégano foram o 4-terpineol (27,03%), γ-terpineno (20,04%), β-cimeno (6,34%), e do alho, o dialil trissulfeto (38,81%), dialil dissulfeto (25,23%), metil alil trissulfeto (12,52%). Os resultados dos testes in vitro sobre as bactérias S. Choleraesuis e P. aeruginosa indicaram a formação de halo de inibição e revelaram o efeito inibitório para os referidos óleos, exceto para o óleo de A. sativum frente a P. aeruginosa. Para os fungos A. flavus, A. niger e P. simplicissimum a inibição do crescimento micelial provocada pelo óleo essencial de orégano ocorreu a partir das concentrações de 0,10, 0,03 e 0,05 µg mL-1, respectivamente, sendo que a CMI para o óleo de alho iniciou-se a partir da concentração 0,03 µg mL-1 para todas as espécies de fungos. Foi possível verificar que os óleos possuem efeito inibitório sobre os microrganismos estudados, sendo, portanto, uma alternativa no controle microbiológico de alimentos.