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@#Liver cholesterol metabolism disorder plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of cholesterol homeostasis imbalance induced by saturated fatty acids, HepG2 cells were stimulated with palmitic acid (PA).Lipids accumulation was analyzed by Oil Red O staining, intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol quantification.The level of genes and proteins related to cholesterol homeostasis was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting.Additionally, intracellular bile acids and mitochondrial oxysterols were detected by LC-MS/MS.The results demonstrated that intracellular lipids such as TG and TC were significantly increased in the model with PA stimulation.Although no significant difference was detected in genes related to cholesterol synthesis and uptake, the protein expression of ABCG5 and LXRα were significantly down-regulated, indicating a decrease in cholesterol efflux.Meanwhile, the gene expression of STARD1 and CYP7B1, which are responsible for bile acid alternative synthesis, were markedly enhanced, along with a significant increase of cholesterol and 27-OHC in mitochondria and CDCA in cells.These results suggested that PA overload may disrupt cholesterol homeostasis by inhibiting cholesterol efflux and promoting bile acids synthesis.
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Objective: To understand the rate on tobacco use and associated factors in junior middle school students in Shaanxi province. Methods: We used a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to select students from 30 junior middle schools in 10 areas of Shaanxi province in 2013. All the participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 4 633 questionnaires were dispatched and 4 298 were qualified for further analysis. The current smoking rate of junior middle school students in Shaanxi was 6.5%, with rate in male (11.1%) higher than that of female students (1.7%). The current smoking rate of students in grade three (9.3%) was higher than those of students in grade one (3.5%) or in grade two (7.0%). The smoking rate of students with pocket money more than 31 Yuan per week was (10.0%) higher than those of students with pocket money less than 10 Yuan (4.6%) or 10-30 Yuan (6.3%) per week. Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that factors as: male, school located in the city, older age, with more pocket money, having smokers in the family and exposure to second hand smoking were high risk factors for current smoking. Conclusion: Rate on current smoking was high in junior middle schools students in Shaanxi, suggesting that comprehensive intervention programs be developed to reduce the rate of tobacco use in junior middle school students.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Schools , Smoking/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Tobacco Use/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To understand the rate on tobacco use and associated factors in junior middle school students in Shaanxi province.Methods We used a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to select students from 30 junior middle schools in 10 areas of Shaanxi province in 2013.All the participants completed a self-administered questionnaire.Results A total of 4 633 questionnaires were dispatched and 4 298 were qualified for further analysis.The current smoking rate of junior middle school students in Shaanxi was 6.5％,with rate in male (11.1％) higher than that of female students (1.7％).The current smoking rate of students in grade three (9.3％) was higher than those of students in grade one (3.5％) or in grade two (7.0％).The smoking rate of students with pocket money more than 31 Yuan per week was (10.0％) higher than those of students with pocket money less than 10 Yuan (4.6％) or 10-30 Yuan (6.3％) per week.Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that factors as:male,school located in the city,older age,with more pocket money,having smokers in the family and exposure to second hand smoking were high risk factors for current smoking.Conclusion Rate on current smoking was high in junior middle schools students in Shaanxi,suggesting that comprehensive intervention programs be developed to reduce the rate of tobacco use in junior middle school students.
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Objective This study was to compare surgical safety and oncologic adequacy of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) versus open gastrectomy (OG) for advanced gastric cancer.Methods 120 consecutive AGC patients undergoing LAG with D2 lymph node dissection between September 2005 to December 2009 were compared with 120 AGC patients undergoing OG during the same period.In each group,50 underwent distal gastrectomy,70 for total gastrectomy.Results There was no conversion to open surgery in LAG.The operative time was significantly longer in LAG than OG [(307 ± 84) min vs.(203 ± 52) min,t'=11.556,P ＜ 0.01].The estimated blood loss was significantly less in LAG group than OG group [(258 ± 78) ml vs.(318 ± 89) ml,t =5.550,P ＜ 0.01].The number of lymph nodes retrieved was(17 ±11) in LAG,(16 ±10)in OG (t =0.723,P＞0.05).All margins were tumor free in both groups.9 patients had the postoperative complication in LAG,8 patients in OG (P ＞ 0.05).Length of postoperative stay was significantly shorter in LAG than OG [(10.6 + 4.7) vs.(14.3 ± 2.9) days,t' =7.339,P ＜0.01].There was no mortality in both groups.The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate were comparable (47.6％ in LAG vs.42.8％ in OG,x2 =0.577,P ＞ 0.05) between the two groups.Conclusions This study suggested that laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy is safe and feasible in terms of surgical outcome and oncologic adequacy for advanced gastric cancer.
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Objective To detect the positively selected sites in the surface ( S) gene of hepatitis B viruses ( HBVs) from patients with occult HBV infection and to study the molecular mechanism of occult HBV infection.Methods The sequence of S gene from patients with occult HBV infection and reference strains of eight HBV genotypes ( A through H) were downloaded from GenBank and then alignment analysis were performed by using Clustal W software .Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using MEGA 5.05 soft-ware package.PAML4.7 was used to analyze positively selected sites .Results A total of 1286 HBV se-quences from patients with occult infection were searched in GenBank .One hundred and seventy-four com-plete gene sequences encoding surface S protein were screened after alignment analysis and confirmation , of which 13 sequences with nonsense mutation were removed .The likelihood ratio test showed that for both the 161 remained sequences and the 31 reference sequences , the selection models of M2, M3 and M8 were sig-nificantly better than the neutral models of M0, M1 and M7 (2△lnL<55.12, P<0.001).By using Bayes Empirical Bayes (BEB) analysis, 14 positively selected sites (including codon 3, 8, 40, 45, 46, 47, 49, 68, 126, 127, 164, 184, 207 and 210) were detected in the surface gene of HBVs from patients with occult HBV infection, eight of which were located at the immune epitope of HBsAg .However, only 2 positively se-lected sites were identified in reference sequences .Conclusion The long-lasting persistence of HBV in pa-tients with occult HBV infection might be caused by the adaptive evolution of their surface gene in a form of escape mutant under immune suppressive condition .
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BACKGROUND: Undergraduates from military medical universities face many psychological stresses. Poor coping style might affect the status of mental health. Mental health might also be associated with social support and personality.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of social support and coping style with mental health among undergraduates from military medical universities.DESIGN: Cluster sampling and questionnaire investigation.SETTING: The Center of Basic Medicine Eexperiment, School of Basic Medicine and School of Preventive Medicine of Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, and Xi'an Hospital of Sports Trauma.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 352 freshmen of a military medical university were chosen by cluster sampling in October 2004 as the subjects.METHODS: Investigationwas performed on subjects with Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), social support rating scale (SSRS), coping style questionnaire (CSQ) and revised Eysenck's personality questionnaires short scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC).SCL-90 consists of 90 items, including 10 factors. SSRS consists of subjective support, objective support and the utilization of support 3 factors as well as total score of social support. CSQ consists of problem solving, self-reproach, asking for help, keeping out of the way, fancy, rationalization 6 factors. EPQ-RSC mainly consisted of extraversion-introversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism/tough mindedness (P) and lie/social diserability (L) 4 dimensions. Data were performed statistical management with t test and correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Comparison of the scores of various factors of social support, coping style and personality among undergraduates with different mental health levels from military medical universities. ② Correlation of different social supports, copying styles and personalities with SCL-90. ③ Comparison of scores of mental health,coping style and personality of military medical undergraduates under different social supports.RESULTS: Totally 352 questionnaires were handed out and all of them were retrieved and eligible, with responding rate of 100%. ① The total scores of SRSS were taken as the grouping index, and 25% of the undergraduates who had the highest scores and the lowest scores were respectively chosen as severe symptom group and mild symptom group.Total scores of social support, subjective support and the utilization of support were higher in the mild symptom group than in the severe symptom group, but no difference in the objective support existed between two groups; Compared with mild symptom group, self-reproach, fancy, keeping out of the way and other immature coping styles were more significantly used, but asking for help was less, the scores of E were lower, but those of N were higher in the severe symptom group. ② Various factors of mental health were significantly negatively correlated with the total scores of support, the utilization of support, asking for help, E and L (r=-0.131 to -0.306 ,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ), but positively correlated with self-reproach,fancy, keeping out of the way, rationalization and N (r=0.141-0.450, P＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01). ③ Total scores of support was used as the grouping index, 27% of the subjects who had the highest scores and lowest scores were chosen respectively as high support group and low support group.Mental health level was superior in the high support group to in the low support group; Most of the undergraduates of high support group preferred active coping styles, and those of low support group preferred passive coping styles; Scores of E of high support group were higher than those of low support group, and the scores of N and P were lower than those of low support group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Social support, coping style and EPQ-RSC interact and co-influence mental health.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of vitiligo in Shaanxi Province. Methods There are 36 million peoples in Shaanxi Province, China. One thousandth of them were selected to be an object of investigation by stratified random sampling. All the inhabitants in the study area were investigated in a door-to-door survey to find out all vitiligo patients among them. Results Forty vitiligo patients were found out of 42 833 people surveyed. Conclusion The prevalence of vitiligo in Shaanxi Province is 0.093%.
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Objective: To investigate the mental health status and related factors of middle school mathematics teachers under curriculum reformation in xi'an area.Methods: Teachers were selected by cluster sampling as all the teachers participating in mathematics teaching training.Questionnaires including Symptom Check list-90(SCL-90),center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),Eysenck personality questionnaire EPQ and social support rating scale(SSRS) were used.Results: Teachers from rural middle schools got higher scores of SCL-90,CES-D,SAS,N,P than those from urban middle schools.Teachers from non-key middle schools got higher scores of SCL-90,CES-D,SAS,N,P than those from key middle schools.Teachers from urban middle schools got significantly higher scores of utilization of social support than those from rural middle schools.Teachers from key middle schools got significantly higher scores of utilization of social support than those from non-key middle schools.Conclusion: Mathematics teachers from rural and from urban areas have significantly difference scores of social support,mental health status and different personality.