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1.
Salud pública Méx ; 52(3): 185-189, May-June 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-553737

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of micronutrient supplementation on tuberculosis (TB) patient outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in pulmonary TB patients undergoing directly observed treatment short course/ tratamiento acortado estrictamente supervisado (TAES/ DOTS) at IMSS in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, who were recruited during August 2005-July 2006. Consecutive patients received zinc and vitamin A supplements or matched placebo for four months. Dietary intake, blood zinc and vitamin A, immune response (IFN-γ,TNF-α, and IL-10 mRNA), and sputum smear conversion were measured. RESULTS: The proportion of micronutrient compared to placebo group subjects with a negative sputum smear by month 3 was significantly increased (p= 0.03). This occurred subsequent to increased TNF-α and IFN-γ and decreased IL-'0 observed at month 2. Micronutrient supplementation appeared to accelerate the beneficial therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The earlier elimination of bacilli from sputum was associated with improved zinc status and Th' immune response. The therapeutic effect of vitamin A was less evident.


OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto de la suplementación con zinc y vitamina A o placebo en pacientes tratados por tuberculosis (TB). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un ensayo aleatorizado en pacientes tuberculosos que iniciaron el tratamiento acortado estrictamente supervisado/ directly observed treatment short course (TAES/DOTS) en las clínicas del IMSS, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, reclutados durante agosto 2005-julio 2006. A cada paciente en forma aleatoria se le designó un código para recibir ya sea micronutrientes o placebo por cuatro meses, bajo el diseño doble ciego. Se evaluó la ingesta dietética, niveles de zinc y vitamina A en sangre, respuesta inmune (IFN-γ,TNF-α, IL-l0 mRNA en sangre) y bacilo ácido alcohol resistente (BAAR) en esputo. RESULTADOS: Al tercer mes de la suplementación, la proporción de sujetos con BAAR negativo en el grupo de micronutrientes aumentó significativamente en relación con el grupo placebo (p= 0.03), que va asociado al previo (segundo mes) incremento de los niveles de TNF-α, e IFN-γ y disminución de los niveles de IL-10. CONCLUSIONES: Suplementación con los micronutrientes aparentemente aceleran el efecto terapéutico de la quimioterapia. La negativización temprana del BAAR en esputo se asoció con la recuperación del estatus de zinc y la respuesta Thl. El efecto terapéutico de vitamina A es menos evidente.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Dietary Supplements , Micronutrients/administration & dosage , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Zinc/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Double-Blind Method , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 23(3): 188-197, mar. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-481116

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes about tuberculosis (TB) in a high-risk group in Ecuador. This included signs and symptoms, causation, transmission, treatment, treatment adherence, impact on lifestyle and role functioning, and stigma. METHODS: A convenience sample of 212 adults undergoing diagnostic TB testing at a public health facility in Quito, Ecuador, was recruited for the study. Data were collected from subjects during face-to-face interviews using a structured instrument containing closed and open-ended questions. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used for quantitative analyses; content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. RESULTS: Most subjects were familiar with TB and some of its characteristics and treatment aspects. However, many also held misconceptions or lacked key knowledge which could adversely affect early diagnosis and treatment and adherence to treatment, and thereby allow the disease to spread. Subject education was the single most important predictor of knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes followed by gender, age, and prior disease experience. The subjects linked TB to multiple adverse health, economic, psychological, and social consequences, including stigma. Although none knew if they had TB when interviewed, many reported feeling stigmatized just by being tested. The subjects identified a strong need for formal educational opportunities to learn about TB prevention and control but had little access to these. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings highlight a need for enhanced population access to TB education. Health education and social marketing directed toward increasing TB knowledge and changing perceptions and attitudes could ultimately contribute to improved early diagnosis, treatment adherence, prevention, and decreased stigma. This could be accomplished providing that the public health infrastructure is adequate to meet demands.


OBJETIVO: Explorar los conocimientos, las creencias, las percepciones y las actitudes sobre la tuberculosis (TB) en un grupo de alto riesgo en Ecuador. Se abarcaron los signos y síntomas, la causalidad, la transmisión, el tratamiento, la adhesión al tratamiento, el impacto en el estilo de vida y el desempeño de funciones, y el estigma. MÉTODOS: Para el estudio se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de 212 adultos en proceso de diagnóstico de TB en una institución pública de salud de Quito, Ecuador. Los datos de los participantes se obtuvieron en entrevistas presenciales mediante una encuesta estructurada que contenía preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido para procesar los datos cualitativos y se emplearon pruebas estadísticas descriptivas y bifactoriales para el análisis cuantitativo. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los participantes estaban familiarizados con la TB, algunas de sus características y aspectos de su tratamiento. Sin embargo, muchos mantenían errores conceptuales o carecían de conocimientos clave que podrían influir negativamente sobre el diagnóstico temprano, el tratamiento y la adhesión al tratamiento, y por ende facilitaría la diseminación de la enfermedad. El nivel educacional de la persona fue el principal factor individual de predicción de los conocimientos, las creencias, las percepciones y las actitudes, seguido del sexo, la edad y las experiencias previas con la enfermedad. Las personas vinculaban la TB con numerosas consecuencias adversas, tanto para la salud y la economía personal, como psicológicas y sociales, incluida la estigmatización. A pesar de que al ser entrevistados ninguno sabía si tenía TB, muchos dijeron sentirse estigmatizados solo por someterse a la prueba. Los participantes reconocieron una gran necesidad de oportunidades educativas formales para aprender sobre la prevención y el control de la TB, pero tendrían poco acceso a ellas. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados destacan...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Health Promotion , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Chi-Square Distribution , Ecuador , Education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Interviews as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Urban Population
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(7): 663-672, Nov. 2004. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-391592

ABSTRACT

Although leishmaniasis is regarded as a significant health problem in Ecuador by the Ministry of Health, and the incidence has increased over the last years, an official map on the geographic distribution of disease and sand fly vectors or a control strategy do not exist yet. This article reviews the current situation based on published information to improve our knowledge and understand the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Ecuador in order to help future research and to develop a national control strategy. The disease is endemic in most provinces throughout Pacific coastal region, Amazonian lowlands, and some inter-Andean valleys with a total 21,805 cases reported during 1990-2003. Whereas cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is found throughout Ecuador, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) appears to be restricted to the Amazon region; one, parasitologically unconfirmed case of visceral form was reported in 1949. Most human infections are caused by Leishmania (Viannia) spp., which is distributed in the subtropical and tropical lowlands; infections due to L. (Leishmania) spp. are found in the Andean highlands and in the Pacific lowlands as well. The proven vectors are Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lu. ayacuchensis. Canis familiaris, Sciurus vulgaris, Potos flavus, and Tamandua tetradactyla have been found infected with Leishmania spp. It is estimated that around 3000-4500 people may be infected every year, and that 3.1 to 4.5 millions people are estimated to be at risk of contracting leishmaniasis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Disease Reservoirs , Endemic Diseases , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis , Antiprotozoal Agents , Ecuador , Incidence , Leishmaniasis
4.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Quito) ; 25(2): 13-6, jul. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-278938

ABSTRACT

El vibrio cholerae es el agente causal de la enfermedad del cólera. El serotipo 01 puede ser subdividido en los biotipos el tor y clásico. En el diagnóstico de la enfermedad del cólera se utilizan kits comerciales con el uso de anticuerpos monoclonales (AM), éstos existen a nivel mundial, pero el país no cuenta todavía con un centro de elaboración y mantenimiento de producción de AM, por lo que se propuso la creación de un centro de elaboración de anticuerpos monoclonales. En este informe preliminar mencionamos la producción y caracterización de AM contra la toxina colérica (TC) para lo que se utilizó como antígeno el extracto total del V. cholerae 01 (AC). La purificación se realizó mediante cromatografía de afinidad...


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Vibrio cholerae
5.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Quito) ; 24(1): 27-30, sept. 1999. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-278924

ABSTRACT

La amplificación del DNA del kinetoplasto, cada vez tiene mayor aplicación en la detección Leishmania y diagnóstico de leishmaniasis. En el presente estudio se emplea un par de sondas: KIN 1 y KIN 2, que se amplificaron en todas las especies de Leishmania, tanto las cepas de referencia como las aisladas a partir de lesiones en humanos, en quienes se observó un segmento de 470 pares de bases (pb), mientras que en Trypanosoma cruzi, un segmento de 520 pb. Es importante recalcar la necesidad de validar la utilidad de esta prueba en el diagnóstico clínico, epidemiológico y entomológico de esta enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
7.
Quito; FCM; 1996. 22 p. ilus, mapas, tab, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178231

ABSTRACT

An epidemiologic survey was conducted in an area of sutrolical rainforest in Northwest Ecuador with followin objectives; (1) to determine the prevalencie of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), (2) to identify the leishmania species cusing human disease, (3) to investigate the major CL clinical manifestations, (4) to study cellular and humoral inmune response indicators, and (5) to identify risk factors associated with the disease, Half of the 466 subjects had laboratory and clinical evidencie of either current (14 for cent) or piror disease (33 for cent). Subjects with c urrent disease had an average of 2.6+-1.9 lesions with a mean size of 8.4 +-19.4 cms. The parasite species isolated from subject lesions were: Leismania guyanesis (63 for cent. L. panamensis (33 for cent) and L. brazilensis (4 for cent). Subjects with CL exhibited the highest serum IgG an IgM concentrations (p<0.0001). Lesion number (t=2.9, p=0.007) and size (t=3.8, p=0.0004) was predictive or serum IgG levels. The Montenegro skin test induration size was correlated positively with ulcer number (t=2.2, p=0.038). Age<5 yrs (AOR=1.5, 95 for cent C.I.=0.48-2.35), adult male gender (AOR=2.8.95 for centC.I.=1.1-7.8), and wood and/or cane exterior house walls (AOR=1.8,95 for cent CI=1.4-2.5) were associated with an increased for CL. In contrast, electric home lighting was associated with decreased risk (AOR=0.7, 95 for cent CI=0.4-2.3). The results suggest that it may be possible to modify a portion of the risk for CL by making changes in the housing evironment which may help to reduce the amount of contact with the vector...


Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/etiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/history , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/therapy , Risk Factors
8.
s.l; s.n; s.f. 19 p. tab, graf.
Non-conventional in English | LILACS | ID: lil-330398
9.
s.l; s.n; s.f. [5] p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-297177
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