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2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(3): 287-295, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484897

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Aim: To evaluate clinical aspects, diagnostic methods and surgical outcomes in patients with cardiac myxoma. Patients and Methods: AH patients who underwent surgical resection of a cardiac myxoma between January 1973 and December 2004 at our institution, were identified and their medical records and diagnostic data reviewed. Results: Thirty seven patients identified (24 women), with a median age of 54 years (range 2-74). The most common symptom was dyspnea (51 percent), followed by embolism (24 percent) and cardiac murmurs (16 percent). The diagnosis was made by echocardiogram in 84 percent of patients. The mean tumor size was 4.9 ± 1.3 cm. The tumor was located in the ¡eft atrium in 83 percent of the patients, right atrium in 8 percent and ¡eft ventricle in 3 percent. Two patients had multiple tumors. Surgical approach was transeptal in 51 percent, left atriotomy in 22 percent, combined transeptal and roof of the left atrium in 19 percent and right atriotomy in 8 percent. The tumor and its attachment base were excised in one piece. There were two operative deaths and five late deaths. The mean follow-up was 11.5 years. The 5, 10, 15 and 20 years survival was 89 percent, 83 percent, 75 percent and 64 percent, respectively. Two patients had recurrence (5.4 percent), at 2 and 25years after surgery, respectively, and the recurrence free survival at 10 and 25years was 97 percent and 73 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Dyspnea was the most common symptom and echocardiogram the main diagnostic method. Surgical treatment was highly effective, with low mortality and recurrence rate, with good long term survival.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Heart Neoplasms/diagnosis , Heart Neoplasms/surgery , Myxoma/diagnosis , Myxoma/surgery , Chile/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Young Adult
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(9): 1135-1145, sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS | ID: lil-438416

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiac tumors are very uncommon at all ages. There are important clinical differences between children and adults in the behavior of these tumors. Aim: To compare the behavior of primary and secondary cardiac tumors, from fetal age to adults. Patients and Method: Multicentric retrospective analysis of 38 children and adults with cardiac tumors, evaluated with echocardiography between January 1995 and August 2001. Medical records, echocardiographic and radiological examinations, surgical protocols and pathologic examinations were reviewed. Follow-up was obtained through data on medical records or calling patients by telephone. Results: Tumors were diagnosed in 38 patients (13 children and 25 adults), from a total of 31.800 echocardiograms. In children the diagnosis was made by fetal, transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography in 23.6 percent and 8 percent of cases, respectively. Eighty five percent were primary (10 benign and 1 malignant) and 15 percent, secondary tumors. Fifty four percent were rhabdomyomas and 75 percent regressed spontaneously. Seventy seven percent were symptomatic and 31 percent were treated with surgery. During a follow up of 44±35 months, 31 percent of patients died. In adults, 76 percent of tumors were diagnosed by transthoracic and 20 percent by transesophageal echocardiography. Seventy six percent were primary (18 benign and 1 malignant) and 24 percent secondary tumors. Fifty six percent were myxomas. Ninety two percent were symptomatic and 84 percent were treated surgically. Twenty percent of patients died in the early postoperative period. No adult patients had a follow-up. Conclusions: Rhabdomyomas were solely found in children. In adults, myxomas are the predominat cardiac tumors. Primary and metastasic malignant tumors are observed both in children and in adults.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Heart Neoplasms , Rhabdomyoma , Chile/epidemiology , Echocardiography , Fetal Heart , Fibroma/epidemiology , Fibroma , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Neoplasms/epidemiology , Myxoma/epidemiology , Myxoma , Retrospective Studies , Rhabdomyoma/epidemiology , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(10): 1139-1146, oct. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420141

ABSTRACT

Background: Mitral valve repair is considered better than mitral valve replacement for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Aim: To evaluate late clinical results of mitral valve repair as compared to mitral valve replacement in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation. Patients and methods: All patients subjected to open heart surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation between 1990 and 2002 were assessed for surgical mortality, late cardiac and overall mortality, reoperation, readmission to hospital, functional capacity and anticoagulant therapy. Eighty eight patients (48 males) had mitral valve repair and 28 (19 males) had mitral valve replacement (23 with a mechanical prosthesis). Mean age was 59.9 ± 14.8 (SD) and 61.3 ± 14.6 years, respectively. Sixty three percent of patients with repair and 50% of those with valve replacement were in functional class III or IV before surgery. Results: Operative mortality was 2.3% for mitral valve repair and 3.6% for mitral valve replacement (NS). Also, there was no statistical difference in the need of reoperation during the follow-up period between both procedures (2.3% and 0%, respectively). Ninety four percent of the replacement patients but only 26% of the repair patients were in anticoagulant therapy at the end of the follow-up period (p <0.001). Ten years survival rates were 82 ± 6% for mitral valve repair and 54 ± 11% for replacement. The corresponding cardiac related survival rates were 89 ± 6% and 79 ± 10%. At the end of follow-up, all surviving patients were in functional class I or II. Ten years freedom from cardiac event rates (death, cardiac related rehospitalization and reoperation) were 90 ± 3% for mitral valve repair and 84 ± 6% for replacement. Conclusion: Repair of the mitral valve offers a better overall survival and a better chance of freedom from cardiac events as well as need for anticoagulation 10 years after surgery.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/standards , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Chile/epidemiology , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Hospitalization , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/pathology , Mitral Valve/pathology , Reoperation , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 76(4): 375-383, ago. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-433004

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El reemplazo valvular mitral (RVM) y aórtico (RVA) es poco frecuente en pacientes pediátricos y las series publicadas reportan elevada morbi-mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a mediano plazo en niños sometidos a RVM y RVA durante los últimos diez años, con el fin de determinar morbimortalidad y calidad de vida. Método: Análisis retrospectivo de 26 niños consecutivos (mediana de edad 5,6 años) sometidos a RVM y RVA, entre marzo 1992 y junio 2003. Diecisiete presentaban patología mitral y once aórtica. Resultados: Se realizaron 26 operaciones implantando 28 prótesis (26 mecánicas y 2 biológicas). Tres pacientes (12 por ciento) fallecieron durante el primer mes. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 6,2 años. Tres pacientes con RVM fallecieron alejadamente por causa no atribuible al reemplazo valvular con una sobrevida actuarial de 87 por ciento. Tres pacientes requirieron reoperación. Todos realizan actividades adecuadas a su edad, restringiéndose los deportes de contacto. Conclusión: Los resultados a mediano plazo del reemplazo valvular en niños con valvulopatía grave son satisfactorios.


Subject(s)
Male , Adolescent , Humans , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Aortic Valve/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Bioprosthesis , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Prosthesis Failure , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(3): 279-286, mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-404883

ABSTRACT

Background: Surgical valve repair is a good alternative for correction of incompetent bicuspid aortic valve. Aim: To report the early and late surgical, clinical and ecochardiographic results of surgical repair of incompetent bicuspid aortic valves. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 18 patients aged 19 to 61 years, with incompetent bicuspid aortic valve in whom a valve repair was performed. Four patients had infectious endocarditis and 17 were in functional class I or II. Follow up ranged from 3 to 113 months after surgery. Results: A triangular resection of the prolapsing larger cusp, which included the middle raphe, was performed in 17 cases; in 13 of these, a complementary subcommisural annuloplasty was performed. In the remaining case, with a perforation of the non-coronary cusp, a pericardial patch was implanted; this procedure was also performed in 2 other cases. In 3 cases large vegetations were removed. Postoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed no regurgitation in 11 patients (62percent) and mild regurgitation in 7 (38percent). There was no operative morbidity or mortality. There were no deaths during the follow-up period. In 3 patients (17percent) the aortic valve was replaced with a mechanical prosthesis, 8 to 108 months after the first operation. Reoperation was not needed in 93percent±6,4percent at 1 year and 85percent±9,5percentat 5 years, these patients were all in functional class I at the end of the follow-up period. 60percen had no aortic regurgitation, 20percent had mild and 20percent moderate aortic regurgitation on echocardiographic examination. A significant reduction of the diastolic diameter of the left ventricle was observed, but there were no significant changes in systolic diameter or shortening fraction. Conclusions: Surgical repair of incompetent bicuspid aortic valves has low operative morbidity and mortality and has a low risk of reoperation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/surgery , Echocardiography , Follow-Up Studies
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 21(2): 102-116, jun. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-363588

ABSTRACT

El uso de los implantes de tejido en medicina ha mejorado el pronóstico y/o la calidad de vida de muchas enfermedades, sin embargo, su utilización no está exenta de riesgos para el receptor. Es por esto que la cuidadosa selección del donante vivo o cadáver y el control microbiológico de los tejidos antes de su utilización son procesos muy importantes para asegurar la calidad del procedimiento. La contaminación de los tejidos puede ser intrínseca (por una infección no diagnosticada en el donante) o extrínseca (una vez que el tejido ya ha sido procurado). Estas recomendaciones se refieren al control microbiológico de las contaminaciones extrínsecas, ya sea durante la manipulación, durante la obtención de los tejidos o durante el procesamiento para la preservación de ellos. Se analizan los implantes de uso más frecuente en nuestro país (válvulas cardíacas, tejido óseo, piel, células progenitoras hematopoyéticas y córnea) y se describe la metodología según datos existentes en la literatura y de procedimientos adaptados de centros foráneos. Dado que ningún implante es absolutamente estéril es muy importante analizar también las recomendaciones frente a cultivos contaminados. Los autores esperamos que este documento sea de utilidad y que en un futuro próximo, podamos exhibir cifras nacionales multicéntricas con metodologías comparables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prostheses and Implants , Tissue Preservation/standards , Cornea/microbiology , Bone and Bones/microbiology , Skin/microbiology , Tissue Preservation/methods , Skin Transplantation , Heart Valves/microbiology , Heart Valves/transplantation
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(5): 556-563, mayo 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-384413

ABSTRACT

Background: Norwood procedure is used as the first stage in the palliative treatment of the hypoplastic heart syndrome and can be used, with some technical modifications, in other forms of univentricular heart with aortic stenosis or hypoplasia. These patients have a high mortality (50 percent), derived from the procedure itself and from their abnormal physiological status. Aim: To report our experience with the Norwood procedure. Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients subjected to the Norwood procedure between February 2000 and June 2003. Results: Thirteen patients (9 females, age range 5-60 days and median weight of 3.3 kg) were operated. Eight had hypoplastic heart syndrome and five had a single ventricle with aortic arch hypoplasia. The diagnosis was done in utero in eight patients. All technical variations, according to the disposition and anatomy of the great vessels, are described. Cardiac arrest with profound hypothermia was used in all and regional cerebral perfusion was used in nine. Three patients died in the perioperative period and three died in the follow up (two, four and 10 months after the procedure). Gleen and Fontan procedures were completed in five and one patients, respectively. Conclusions: Our results with the Norwood procedure are similar to other series. There is an important mortality in the immediate operative period and prior to the Glenn procedure (Rev MÚd Chile 2004; 132: 556-63).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Chile , Patient Selection
9.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 9(1): 22-28, 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-435652

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad la resonancia magnética ha adquirido cada vez más importancia en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las cardiopatías congénitas. Entrega información anatómica y más recientemente información funcional. Se presenta la experiencia acumulada entre enero y agosto del año 2002, en cinco casos pediátricos en que la RM cardiaca fue utilizado como método complementario a la ecocardiografía y angiografía. En todos los casos aportó información anatómica precisa, en especial de la anatomía vascular extracardiaca y fue determinante en la conducta terapéutica. Se discute además las características de método e indicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 64(1): 19-22, ene.-feb. 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-119275

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas clínicas de recién nacidos operados con circulación extracorpórea por drenaje venoso anómalo pulmonar total (19 niños) y transposición de grandes arterias (21 pacientes) entre los meses de enero 1990 y junio 1992. En 10 niños el drenaje venoso anómalo era supracardíaco, en tres cardíaco y en seis infracardíaco; el diagnóstico correcto fue hecho en todos por ultrasonografía; la edad promedio a la operación era 16 días; todos los pacientes con drenajes venosos anómalos fueron operados en capacidad funcional IV; dos de niños fallecieron en el hospital y uno tardíamente, después de su egreso; en el seguimiento de los sobrevivientes se registró obstrucción de las venas pulmonares en tres casos, uno de los cuales ya fue reoperado. Entre los neonatos operados por transposición de grandes arterias, el diagnóstico correcto fue hecho en 18 mediante ecocardiografía y cateterismo cardíaco, en losotros tres sólo por el primer procedimiento; todos se operan en capacidad funcional IV, cuatro recibieron infusiones intravenosas con prostaglandina E1; la edad promedio a la operación era 10,5 días. Se efectuó operación de Jatene o reimplantación arterial en 18 y de Senning o reimplantación auricular en tres; la letalidad hospitalaria estuvo dada por dos casos sometidos a reimplantación arterial. En el seguimiento, tres niños operados por transposición arterial mostraron evidencia de estenosis de arterias pulmonares (dos fueron tratados con dilaciones mediante catéteres provistos de balones, el otro espera igual proceder) y uno obstrucción de venas pulmonares (Senning), que ya ha sido reoperado; otro más sufre de taquicardias paroxísticas supraventriculares y está en tratamiento médico. Para mejorar la mortalidad, el diagnóstico y el traslado a un centro de atención terciario deben ser precoces, es preciso generalizar uso de prostaglandina en cardiopatías congénitas en que la perfusíon pulmonar y la supervivencia dependen de la permeabilidad del ductus arterioso y mejorar el estado hemodinámico de los pacientes antes de operarlos, con tratamiento médico agresivo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Transposition of Great Vessels/surgery , Thoracic Surgery
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 63(1): 32-8, ene.-feb. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-109659

ABSTRACT

En 1957 se inició en el Centro Cardiovascular del Hospital "Luis Calvo Mackenna" la corrección quirúrgica de la tetralogía de Fallot (excluidos los niños con atresia pulmonar y comunicación interventricular). Desde entonces hasta diciembre de 1989 se han intervenido 591 de estos pacientes. Se revisa la letalidad entre los 92 y 243 pacientes operados desde 1957 a 1967 y desde 1968 a 1979, respectivamente, así como en los 256 pacientes del período 1980 a 1989, en los que también se analizan las complicaciones postoperatorias y los resultados a corto y mediano plazo (seguimiento promedio 57,5 meses), según edad y técnica quirúrgica empleada. La letalidad general ha descendido de 32,6% en el primer período a 4,29% entre los años 1980 y 1989, en que no fallecieron pacientes corregidos primariamente antes del año de vida (17 casos). No hubo diferencias significativas de letalidad según técnicas empleadas (parche infundibular, parche transanular, vía transanular o valvulotomía exclusiva). La principal causa de muerte fue bajo débito cardíaco en el período postoperatorio (82%). En 98,8% de los pacientes del último período de estudio la capacidad funcional actual es I (NYHA). Sólo un paciente tiene evidencia de insuficiencia severa de válvula pulmonar. Existe una clara tendencia a hacer reparaciones más precoces y notoria disminución de la letalidad, requiriéndose mayores estudios prospectivos de largo plazo, para evaluar morbilidad futura de las distintas técnicas actualmente empleadas


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Tetralogy of Fallot/epidemiology
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