ABSTRACT
Introducción: La hernia de Morgagni es una anomalía congénita rara, responsable del 3 por ciento de las hernias diafragmáticas, que provoca opacidades radiológicas paracardíaca y retroesternal que suelen confundirse con otras afecciones. Objetivo: Notificar el caso de un paciente adulto diagnosticado con hernia de Morgagni en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraolade Ciego de Ávila. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un varón de 28 años de edad con antecedentes de contusión torácica severa, que presentó dolor abdominal, dispepsias, dolor recurrente en región baja posterior del hemitórax derecho, falta de aire ligera y tos seca. Con la aplicación de un correcto método clínico se excluyeron otros posibles diagnósticos planteados previamente y se concluyó con estudios imagenológicos como una hernia de Morgagni. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante laparotomía convencional. La evolución fue favorable, sin complicaciones posoperatorias y con egreso hospitalario precoz. Conclusiones: Se notificó el caso de un paciente diagnosticado con hernia de Morgagni que constituyó un tipo raro de hernia en adultos, cuyo diagnóstico se debe tener en cuenta en pacientes con manifestaciones clínicas digestivas o respiratorias, que presentan radiopacidad paracardíaca en la radiografía de tórax. Es necesario realizar tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno para prevenir posibles complicaciones(AU)
Introduction: Morgagni's hernia is a rare congenital anomaly, responsible for 3percent of diaphragmatic hernias, which causes paracardiac and retrosternal radiological opacities that are often confused with other conditions. Objective: To report the case of an adult patient diagnosed with Morgagni's hernia at Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola General Teaching Hospital from Ciego de Avila. Clinical casereport: We report the case of a 28-year-old man with history of severe chest contusion, who showed abdominal pain, dyspepsia, recurrent pain in the lower posterior region of the right hemithorax, slight shortness of breath, and dry cough. With the use of the correct clinical method, other possible diagnoses were excluded from what was previously raised. Imaging studies concluded to be a Morgagni hernia. Surgical treatment was performed by conventional laparotomy. The evolution was favorable, without postoperative complications and with early hospital discharge. Conclusions: The case of a patient diagnosed with Morgagni's hernia was reported. It constituted a rare type of hernia in adults. Its diagnosis should be taken into account in patients with digestive or respiratory clinical manifestations, showing paracardiac radiopacity on chest X-ray. Timely surgical treatment is necessary to prevent possible complications(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Diaphragm/abnormalities , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/epidemiology , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Introducción: El modelo de la coagulación ha experimentado cambios para alcanzar un consenso con relación a los trastornos hemorrágicos que se aprecian en la práctica médica. El modelo celular de la coagulación es el más aceptado con el que se cuenta dentro de esta área del conocimiento, sin embargo, es poco conocido e integrado en los planes de estudio en Cuba. Objetivo: Confeccionar una página web que integre los elementos actuales acerca del modelo celular de la coagulación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo innovación tecnológica entre los meses de enero de 2017 y enero de 2018 en Ciego de Ávila. Se desarrolló en tres etapas: confección, validación por expertos y comprobación de efectividad por usuarios. Para el diseño se empleó el software Drupal, y el lenguaje HTML. Para la comprobación se contó con dos grupos de expertos que valorara desde el punto de vista de pertinencia educativa e informática. Se comprobó la efectividad mediante un posprueba aplicada a 106 estudiantes de medicina y 16 residentes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron valoraciones de adecuado y muy adecuado por consenso de expertos, siendo la originalidad (7,13 ± 1,24) y la pertinencia (7,20 ± 1,74) los aspectos mejor valorados. Más del 90 % de los usuarios valoraron igualmente la página web como muy satisfactorias según los contenidos tratados y la originalidad. Durante la posprueba el 84,91 por ciento de los estudiantes y 66,67 por ciento de los residentes se suscriben a la calificación de excelente. Conclusiones: Se confeccionó una página con la capacidad de integrar los elementos actuales acerca del modelo celular de la coagulación(AU)
Introduction: The coagulation model has undergone changes to reach a consensus regarding the bleeding disorders that are seen in medical practice. The cellular model of coagulation is the most accepted that is available within this area of knowledge; however, it is little known and integrated into the curricula in Cuba. Objective: Create a web page that integrates the current elements about the cellular model of coagulation. Materials and methods: A technological innovation study was carried out between January 2017 and January 2018 in Ciego de Ávila province. It was developed in three stages: preparation, validation by experts and verification of effectiveness by users. For the design was used Drupal software, and HTML language. For the verification, there were two groups of experts to assess from the point of view of educational and computer relevance. Effectiveness was tested by a post-test applied to 106 medical students and 16 residents. Results: Adequate and very adequate assessments were obtained by consensus of experts, with originality (7.13 ± 1.24) and relevance (7.20 ± 1.74) being the best valued aspects. More than 90 percent of users also rated the website as very satisfactory according to the contents treated and originality. During the post-test, 84.91 percent of students and 66.67 percent of residents confirmed the excellent rating. Conclusions: A web page was made with the ability to integrate the current elements about the cellular model of coagulation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/education , Blood Coagulation , Computer Communication Networks , Knowledge , Learning , Software , Education, MedicalABSTRACT
Introducción: El modelo de la coagulación ha experimentado cambios para alcanzar un consenso con relación a los trastornos hemorrágicos que se aprecian en la práctica médica. El modelo celular de la coagulación es el más aceptado con el que se cuenta dentro de esta área del conocimiento, sin embargo, es poco conocido e integrado en los planes de estudio en Cuba. Objetivo: Confeccionar una página web que integre los elementos actuales acerca del modelo celular de la coagulación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo innovación tecnológica entre los meses de enero de 2017 y enero de 2018 en Ciego de Ávila. Se desarrolló en tres etapas: confección, validación por expertos y comprobación de efectividad por usuarios. Para el diseño se empleó el software Drupal, y el lenguaje HTML. Para la comprobación se contó con dos grupos de expertos que valorara desde el punto de vista de pertinencia educativa e informática. Se comprobó la efectividad mediante un posprueba aplicada a 106 estudiantes de medicina y 16 residentes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron valoraciones de adecuado y muy adecuado por consenso de expertos, siendo la originalidad (7,13 ± 1,24) y la pertinencia (7,20 ± 1,74) los aspectos mejor valorados. Más del 90 por ciento de los usuarios valoraron igualmente la página web como muy satisfactorias según los contenidos tratados y la originalidad. Durante la posprueba el 84,91 por ciento de los estudiantes y 66,67 por ciento de los residentes se suscriben a la calificación de excelente. Conclusiones: Se confeccionó una página con la capacidad de integrar los elementos actuales acerca del modelo celular de la coagulación(AU)
Introduction: The coagulation model has undergone changes to reach a consensus regarding the bleeding disorders that are seen in medical practice. The cellular model of coagulation is the most accepted that is available within this area of knowledge; however, it is little known and integrated into the curricula in Cuba. Objective: Create a web page that integrates the current elements about the cellular model of coagulation. Materials and methods: A technological innovation study was carried out between January 2017 and January 2018 in Ciego de Ávila province. It was developed in three stages: preparation, validation by experts and verification of effectiveness by users. For the design was used Drupal software, and HTML language. For the verification, there were two groups of experts to assess from the point of view of educational and computer relevance. Effectiveness was tested by a post-test applied to 106 medical students and 16 residents. Results: Adequate and very adequate assessments were obtained by consensus of experts, with originality (7.13 ± 1.24) and relevance (7.20 ± 1.74) being the best valued aspects. More than 90 percent of users also rated the website as very satisfactory according to the contents treated and originality. During the post-test, 84.91 percent of students and 66.67 percent of residents confirmed the excellent rating. Conclusions: A web page was made with the ability to integrate the current elements about the cellular model of coagulation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/education , Blood Coagulation , Knowledge , Learning , Students, Medical , Computer Communication NetworksSubject(s)
Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/drug therapy , Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology , Radiofrequency Ablation/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/surgery , Echocardiography/methods , Cardiomegaly/complications , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Cardiac CathetersABSTRACT
El síndrome de Marfán constituye una enfermedad infrecuente de herencia autosómica dominante, con una incidencia de 2-3 casos por cada 10,000 personas. Es caracterizada por manifestaciones musculo-esqueléticas, cardiovasculares oftalmológicas y pulmonares. Se presentan dos pacientes con lazos familiares, diagnosticados en consulta especializada, con alteraciones somatoesqueléticas características, paladar ojival, signos odontológicos y complicaciones valvulares cardiacas. Se revisa la literatura actualizada y se indican pautas terapéuticas preventivas y de rehabilitación. Es una entidad clínica rara, de pronóstico incierto. Su diagnóstico oportuno prevé la detección de complicaciones que pueden ser invalidantes, a la vez que debe instaurarse un tratamiento precoz que incluya medidas de rehabilitación y posibilite una mejor calidad de vida del paciente para alcanzar una expectativa de vida satisfactoria(AU)
Marfan syndrome is a rare disease of autosomal dominant inheritance, with an incidence of 2-3 cases per 10,000 people. It is characterized by musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, ophthalmological and pulmonary manifestations. We report two patients with family ties, diagnosed in a specialized consultation, with characteristic somatoeskeletal alterations, high palate, dental signs and cardiac valve complications. The updated literature was reviewed and preventive and rehabilitative therapeutic guidelines were indicated. It is a rare clinical entity with uncertain prognosis. Its timely diagnosis foresees the detection of complications that can be invalidating, at the same time that an early treatment must be established that includes rehabilitation measures and allows better quality of life for the patient to achieve satisfactory life expectancy(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Fibrillins , Marfan Syndrome/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se describe el caso clínico de un anciano de 85 años de edad a quien se le diagnosticó síndrome de Barré-Lieou en el Hospital Provincial General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, por lo cual fue atendido en consultas multidisciplinarias. Mediante la radiografía contrastada del esófago se observó compresión extrínseca de su tercio distal por grandes osteofitos cervicales anteriores, así como estrechamiento anterior y posterior desde la cuarta hasta la séptima vértebras cervicales; asimismo, las imágenes de la resonancia magnética de cráneo y columna cervical permitieron comprobar la presencia de complejos disco-osteofitos de vértebras cervicales con edema óseo, de carácter compresivo. Se comenta sobre el tratamiento empleado y se ofrecen las sugerencias terapéuticas de los expertos en el tema.
The case report of a 85 years elderly to whom the Barré-Lieou syndrome was diagnosed in Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola Teaching General Provincial Hospital in Ciego de Ávila is described, reason why he was assisted in multidisciplinary visits. By means of the contrasted x-ray of the esophagus, extrinsic compression of his distal third was observed caused by huge anterior cervical osteophytes, as well as early and posterior narrowing of the fourth to the seventh cervical vertebrae; also, the magnetic resonance images of skull and cervical spine allowed to check the presence of disk-osteophytes complexes of cervical vertebrae, with bony edema, of compressive character. It is commented on the used treatment and the therapeutic indications of experts in the topic are offered.
Subject(s)
Vertebral Artery , Aged , Posterior Cervical Sympathetic SyndromeABSTRACT
Numerosas enfermedades clínicas pueden afectar la estructura o el funcionamiento normal del colon, cada vez son más frecuentes las tumoraciones, los procesos inflamatorios e infecciosos y los trastornos fisiológicos o mecánicos de ese órgano. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, blanco, de 45 años de edad que 10 meses antes comenzó con dolor cólico en hemiabdomen superior izquierdo. Este dolor se desplazó gradualmente al flanco y fosa ilíaca de ese lado, moderadamente intenso, intermitente, sin relación prandial, acompañado de aerocolia, constipación que alternaba con heces blandas con flemas y pérdida de peso de aproximadamente 8 libras. En ese tiempo su salud empeoró gradualmente, por lo cual solicita atención médica. Se realizaron procederes endoscópicos y estudios imagenológicos, se detectó carcinoma de sigmoides. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora con escisión del órgano y se comprueba una formación granulomatosa que a su apertura se aprecia un cuerpo extraño con tejido fibroso y angiogénesis. A todo paciente que solicite atención médica por manifestaciones digestivas bajas de tiempo prolongado de evolución y que se le constate al examen físico una masa inflamatoria o tumoral en el colon, más aún en su parte izquierda, o que presente manifestaciones obstructivas, es imprescindible realizarle una minuciosa anamnesis que incluya la posible ingestión de un cuerpo extraño(AU)
Numerous clinical diseases can affect the colon structure or normal functioning. Tumors, inflammatory and infectious processes and physiological or mechanical disorders of that organ are increasingly frequent. We report the case of a male patient, white, 45 years old, who 10 months earlier began with colicky pain in the upper left hemiabdomen. This pain gradually shifted to the flank and iliac fossa on that side, becoming moderately intense, intermittent, without prandial relation, accompanied by aerocolia, constipation that alternated with soft stools with phlegm and weight loss of approximately 8 pounds. During this time, his health gradually worsened, which is why he requests medical attention. Endoscopic procedures and imaging studies were performed. Sigmoid carcinoma was detected. An exploratory laparotomy was performed with excision of the organ and a granulomatous formation was confirmed, which upon opening revealed a foreign body with fibrous tissue and angiogenesis. It is essential to perform a meticulous anamnesis including the possible ingestion of a foreign body to all patients who request medical assistance due to low digestive manifestations of long time of evolution and whose physical examination confirms an inflammatory or tumoral mass in the colon, even more in its left part, or to those presenting obstructive manifestations(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colon, Sigmoid , Biopsy/methods , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Fundamento: Os refluxos paraprotéticos são complicações comuns após cirurgia de troca valvar. A quantificação da gravidade, a localização e a morfologia dos refluxos paraprotéticos podem ser demonstradas por meio da ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre gravidade da regurgitação paravalvar, avaliada pela ecocardiografia tradicional bidimensional, usando a largura da vena contracta, e as medidas derivadas da avaliação pela ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional (comprimento, largura e área); avaliar o sucesso terapêutico da oclusão de refluxos paraprotéticos, guiada por ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional, e a correlação entre as medidas desta e as dos dispositivos para oclusão percutânea. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 11 pacientes consecutivamente submetidos ao tratamento percutâneo de refluxos paraprotéticos entre 2014 e 2015, avaliados por meio de ecocardiografia transtorácica e ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional, no pré-operatório e no intraoperatório. Resultados: De um total de 20 refluxos paraprotéticos, 18 apresentaram sucesso técnico imediato. Não houve correlação entre as medidas da vena contracta bidimensional e as derivadas da ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional. Houve correlação forte entre o comprimento do defeito pela ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional e o comprimento do dispositivo para oclusão percutânea (rho = 0,929; p < 0,001), além de correlação moderada entre a área do defeito e a do dispositivo para oclusão percutânea (rho = 0,682; p = 0,002). Não houve correlação entre a largura do dispositivo para oclusão percutânea e a do defeito medida pela ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional (rho = 0,440; p = 0,067). Conclusão: Não houve correlação entre a medida da vena contracta bidimensional e as medidas derivadas da ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional. A escolha dos dispositivos para oclusão percutânea baseada nas medidas da ecocardiografia transesofágica tridimensional apresentou alta taxa de sucesso imediato, com ótima correlação entre o comprimento dos defeitos e dos dispositivos para oclusão percutânea. A correlação entre as áreas foi boa e não houve correlação entre as larguras
Background: Paravalvular leaks are a common complication after valve replacement surgery. Quantification of the severity, location and morphology of paravalvular leaks can be obtained by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the severity of paravalvular regurgitation by vena contracta measurement using bidimensional echocardiography, and measurements derived from three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (length, width and area). To evaluate the therapeutic success of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography-guided paravalvular leaks occlusion and the correlation between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography measurements and dimensions of devices for percutaneous occlusion. Method: Retrospective study of 11 patients consecutively submitted to percutaneous paravalvular leaks treatment between 2014 and 2015, using transthoracic echocardiography and between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the preoperative and intraoperative periods. Results: Out of a total of 20 paravalvular leaks, 18 showed immediate technical success. There was no correlation between the measurements of the bidimensional vena contracta and the measures derived from the three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. There was a strong correlation between the defect length measured by the three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and the device for percutaneous occlusion length (rho = 0.929; p < 0.001); and moderate between the defect area and the device for percutaneous occlusion area (rho = 0.682,p = 0.002). There was no correlation between the device for percutaneous occlusion width and the defect width measured by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (rho = 0.440; p = 0.067). Conclusion: There was no correlation between the measurement of the bidimensional vena contracta and the measures derived from the three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. The choice of devices for percutaneous occlusion based on three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography measurements showed a high success rate, with an excellent correlation between defect length and devices for percutaneous occlusion length. The correlation between the areas was good, and there was no correlation between the widths
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Heart Valves/surgery , Aortic Valve/surgery , Tertiary Healthcare , Prosthesis Failure/adverse effects , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Retrospective Studies , Perioperative Care , Tertiary Care Centers , Observational Study , Intraoperative Period , Mitral Valve/surgeryABSTRACT
A amiloidose caracteriza-se pela deposição localizada ou sistêmica de proteínas com estrutura terciária instável, que se agregam e formam as fibrilas amiloidóticas. A amiloidose cardíaca é uma condição frequentemente subdiagnosticada e causa importante de insuficiência cardíaca. Existem mais de 30 tipos de proteínas amiloides conhecidas, mas somente cinco frequentemente infiltram o coração, causando a amiloidose cardíaca. São elas: imunoglobulina de cadeia leve, imunoglobulina de cadeia pesada, transtirretina, amiloide sérica A e apolipoproteína AI, sendo em sua maioria nas formas de imunoglobulina de cadeia leve ou transtirretina. De acordo com o tipo de proteína fibrilar depositado, a amiloidose cardíaca possui diferentes cursos clínicos, prognóstico e formas distintas de tratamento. Nesta revisão abordamos novas técnicas, que possibilitam o diagnóstico desta entidade, principalmente em situações de insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada e cardiopatias restritivas. O diagnóstico precoce é fundamental na definição da melhor abordagem terapêutica e no prognóstico desses pacientes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Failure/complications , Amyloid , Amyloidosis/physiopathology , Prognosis , Stroke Volume , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Radionuclide Imaging/methods , Drug Therapy/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/physiopathology , Heart VentriclesABSTRACT
La historia de la Medicina está directamente relacionada con el surgimiento del hombre. Desde los tiempos de Hipócrates, antes de nuestra era, cuando existía la incertidumbre de definirla como arte o ciencia, no hubo un médico que entregara tanto aporte verdaderamente investigativo, con carácter científico como Avicena, sabio indiscutible del Medioevo, de los siglos X y XI de la época contemporánea. Su herencia a la humanidad fue muy importante, en especial sobre Filosofía y Medicina, aunque consolidó conceptos y conocimientos de prácticamente todas las áreas del saber. Su nombre llegó casi a ser sinónimo de la propia Medicina. Su monumental obra contribuyó, sin dudas, al desarrollo y a la sedimentación de la civilización humana, trascendó las fronteras del tiempo hasta la actualidad. Fue un hombre multifacético admirable, pero especialmente un médico teórico y práctico incomparable, que con su claridad de ideas y con elevado rigor científico, se trasladó de modo extraordinario hasta la época actual. Su frescura de pensamiento, sus razonamientos, su creatividad científica de fuerza titánica y un estilo único, fueron y aún son, elementos fundamentales para la expansión y el desarrollo de la ciencia universal. En nuestro medio existe poca información sobre la personalidad y la obra de tan distinguida persona, por lo que se realiza la siguiente revisión con el objetivo de profundizar en estos aspectos de su vida y divulgarlos al personal médico en formación(AU)
The history of the Medicine is directly related with the man's emergence. From the times of Hipócrates, before our era, when the uncertainty existed of defining it as art or science, there was not a doctor that gave to this so much truly investigative contribution, with scientific character as Avicena, unquestionable sage of the Middle Ages, of the centuries X and XI of the contemporary time. Its inheritance to the humanity was very important, particularly on Philosophy and Medicine, although it consolidated concepts and knowledge of practically all the areas of the knowledge. Their name ended up almost being synonymous of the own Medicine. Their monumental work contributed, without doubts, to the development and the sedimentation of the human civilization, transcending the frontiers of the time until the present. It was an admirable multifaceted man, but very especially an incomparable theoretical and practical doctor that with their clarity of ideas and with high scientific rigor, it transferred incredibly and in an extraordinary way until the current time. Their thought freshness, their reasoning, their scientific creativity of titanic force and an unique style, they were and they are still, fundamental elements for the expansion and the development of the universal science. In our means little information exists about the personality and so distinguished person's work, for which we carried out the following bibliographical review with the objective to deepen in these aspects of his life and to disclose them to the medical personnel in formation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , History, Medieval , History, Medieval , History of Medicine , Medicine, ArabicABSTRACT
Introdução: Doppler Ecografia (DE) é largamente utilizada no diagnóstico das estenoses carotídeas. Em 2003, a Sociedade Americana de Radiologia divulgou um consenso propondo critérios para graduação das estenoses da Artéria Carótida Interna (ACI). Em 2009, um grupo do Reino Unido apresentou recomendações para realização da DE das artérias carótidas.Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia dos critérios velocimétricos utilizados na graduação das estenoses da artéria carótidainterna por Doppler Ecografia comparados à arteriografia.Métodos: Em 73 pacientes (146 ACI), foram avaliados: Pico de Velocidade Sistólica (PVS), Velocidade DiastólicaFinal (VDF) da ACI e razão PVS ACI/Artéria Carótida Comum (ACC), para detecção de estenoses < 50%, 50% - 69% (PVS: 125 - 230 cm/s), 70% - 99% (PVS > 230 cm/s). A correlação entre DE e arteriografia foi feita pelo método de Spearman e p < 0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi 69 anos, 47 (64%) homens, 27 (37%) com acidente vascular encefálico, e 13 (18%)ataque isquêmico transitório. O melhor critério para estenoses de 50% - 69% foi PVS ACI ≥ 141 cm/s (sensibilidade: 94%, especificidade: 90%, acurácia: 93%) (AUC 0,97). Para estenoses entre 70% ‑ 99%, PVS ACI ≥ 176 cm/s mostrou sensibilidade: 92%; especificidade: 87%; acurácia: 90%; PVS ACI ≥ 230 cm/s teve sensibilidade: 89%; especificidade: 89%; acurácia:89% (AUC 0,96); e a razão PVS ACI/ACC≥ 4,0 teve sensibilidade: 70%; especificidade: 100%; e acurácia: 81% (AUC 0,96). Seis oclusões de ACI foram detectadas à DE e arteriografia. A correlação DE e arteriografia foi: PVS (0,81 p < 0,001); VDF (0,78 p < 0,001) e razão PVS ACI/ACC (0,81 p < 0,001). Conclusões: Doppler Ecografia é um método confiável na detecção das estenoses carotídeas, correlacionando-se bem com a arteriografia, sendo importante validar os critérios DE que melhor se aplicam a cada serviço.
Introduction: The Doppler Ultrasonography (DU) is largely used to diagnose carotid stenoses. In 2003, the American Society of Radiology issued a consensus establishing criteria for gradating the stenoses of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA). In 2009, a group in the United Kingdom presented recommendations for performing DU of carotid arteries. Objective: Evaluating the accuracy of the velocimetric criteria used to gradate internal carotid artery stenoses by Doppler Ultrasonographycompared to arteriography. Methods: We evaluated 73 patients (146 ICA): Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End-Diastolic Velocity (EDV) of ICA and the ICA/Common Carotid Artery (CCA) PSV ratio to detect stenoses < 50%, 50% - 69% (PSV: 125-230 (cm/s), 70% - 99% (PSV > 230 (cm/s). The correlation between DU and arteriography was ascertained with the Spearmans method and p < 0.05 deemed statistically significant.Results: The patients average age was 69 years, 47 (64%) men, 27 (37%) with cerebrovascular accident, and 13 (18%), transient ischemic attack.The best criterion for stenoses of 50% - 69% was ICA PSV ≥ 141 cm/s (sensitivity: 94%, specificity: 90%, accuracy: 93%) (AUC 0.97). For stenoses between 70% - 99%, ICA PSV ≥ 176 cm/s presented sensitivity: 92%; specificity: 87%; accuracy: 90%; ICA PSV ≥ 230 cm/s presented sensitivity:89%; specificity: 89%; accuracy: 89% (AUC 0.96); and ICA/CCA PSV ratio ≥ 4.0 presented sensitivity: 70%; specificity: 100%; and accuracy:81% (AUC 0.96). Six ICA occlusions were detected by DU and arteriography. The DU and arteriography correlation was: PSV (0.81 p < 0.001);EDV (0.78 p < 0.001) and ICA/CCA PSV ratio (0.81 p < 0.001).Conclusions: The Doppler Ultrasonography is a reliable method for detecting carotid stenoses, having a good correlation with arteriography.In this respect, validating the DU criteria which better suit each service is important.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Angiography/methods , Carotid Artery, Internal , Carotid Stenosis , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , ROC Curve , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Introdução: O implante por cateter de prótese aórtica (TAVI, do inglês transcatheter aortic valve implantation) constitui tratamento alternativo para pacientes com estenose aórtica de alto risco cirúrgico ou inoperáveis. Para adquirir competência, o grupo multidisciplinar deve receber treinamento específico e acumular experiência na execução do TAVI. Contudo, sua curva de aprendizado não está bem estabelecida. Nosso objetivo foi analisar o impacto da curva de aprendizado na seleção de pacientes, nos aspectos técnicos e nos resultados clínicos do TAVI. Métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo dos primeiros 150 pacientes submetidos a TAVI por via femoral, entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2013 divididos em tercis (n = 50) de acordo com a data do procedimento. Os desfechos foram definidos conforme os critérios Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2). Resultados: A idade foi de 82,5 ± 6,7 anos, sendo 44% homens e 75% em classe NYHA III/IV. O EuroSCORE (24,2 ± 13% vs. 21,2 ± 10,8% vs. 23,4 ± 14,3%) e o STS Score (5,9 ± 2,9% vs. 6,7 ± 4,3% vs. 5,8 ± 3,1%) foram similares entre os grupos. Observou-se redução gradativa nos tempos do procedimento (107,2 ± 48,1 minutos vs. 90,3 ± 42,2 minutos vs. 76,6 ± 37,7 minutos; p < 0,01) e de fluoroscopia (31,3 ± 9,6 minutos vs. 25,4 ± 8,7 minutos vs. 17,2 ± 6,2 minutos; p = 0,01), e no ...
Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for high-risk or inoperable patients with aortic stenosis. The multidisciplinary team must undergo specific training and accumulate experience to achieve optimal results. However, its learning curve is not well established. Our objective was to investigate the impact of learning curve on patient selection, technical aspects and clinical outcomes of TAVI. Methods: Observational, prospective analysis of the first 150 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI between January 2009 and December 2013. Patients were divided into tertiles (n = 50), according to the procedure date. Outcomes were defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2) criteria. Results: Mean age was 82.5 ± 6.7 years, 44% were male and 75% were in NYHA class III/IV. EuroS-CORE (24.2 ± 13% vs. 21.2 ± 10.8% vs. 23.4 ± 14.3%) and STS Score (5.9 ± 2.9% vs. 6.7 ± 4.3% vs. 5.8 ± 3.1%) were similar between groups. A gradual decrease was observed in procedure times (107.2 ± 48.1 minutes vs. 90.3 ± 42.2 minutes vs. 76.6 ± 37.7 minutes; p < 0.01), fluoroscopy times (31.3 ± 9,6 minutes vs. 25.4 ± 8.7 minutes vs. 17.2 ± 6.2 minutes; p = 0.01) and contrast volume (145.5 ± 70.9 mL vs. 123.2 ± 87.8 mL vs. 101.1 ± 50 mL; p = 0.01). Mortality decreased gradually (20% vs. 10% vs. 4%; p = 0,047), and lower bleeding and moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation were ...
ABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTOS: O bloqueio do ramo esquerdo (BRE) e a presença de disfunção sistólica são as principais indicações de terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC). A dissincronia ventricular mecânica pela ecocardiografia pode ajudar a identificar pacientes responsivos à TRC. O BRE pode mostrar diferentes padrões em sua morfologia. OBJETIVO: Comparar a prevalência de dissincronia mecânica em diferentes padrões de BRE em pacientes com disfunção sistólica esquerda. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se 48 pacientes com fração de ejeção (FE) < 40% e BRE referidos consecutivamente para análise de dissincronia. Foram realizados ecocardiograma convencional e análise da dissincronia mecânica, interventricular e intraventricular, por 10 conhecidos métodos, usando modo M, Doppler e Doppler tecidual, sozinhos ou combinados. A morfologia do BRE foi categorizada pelo desvio esquerdo do eixo no plano frontal e duração de QRS > 150 ms. RESULTADOS: Eram 24 homens, com idade 60 ± 11 anos e FEVE de 29 ± 7%. Trinta e dois apresentavam QRS > 150 ms, e 22, ECG eixo entre -30º e +90º. A dissincronia interventricular foi identificada em 73% dos pacientes e a intraventricular em valores entre 37-98%. Portadores de QRS > 150 ms apresentaram maiores dimensões do átrio e ventrículo esquerdos, e menor FE (p < 0,05), e o desvio esquerdo do eixo associou-se a pior função diastólica e maior diâmetro atrial. A presença de dissincronia mecânica interventricular e intraventricular (10 métodos) foi semelhante entre os diferentes padrões de BRE (p = ns). CONCLUSÃO: Nos dois diferentes padrões eletrocardiográficos de BRE analisados, não foram observadas diferenças em relação à presença de dissincronia mecânica.
BACKGROUND: Left bundle-branch block (LBBB) and the presence of systolic dysfunction are the major indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Mechanical ventricular dyssynchrony on echocardiography can help identify patients responsive to CRT. Left bundle-branch block can have different morphologic patterns. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of mechanical dyssynchrony in different patterns of LBBB in patients with left systolic dysfunction. METHODS: This study assessed 48 patients with ejection fraction (EF) < 40% and LBBB consecutively referred for dyssynchrony analysis. Conventional echocardiography and mechanical dyssynchrony analysis were performed, interventricular and intraventricular, with ten known methods, using M mode, Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging, isolated or combined. The LBBB morphology was categorized according to left electrical axis deviation in the frontal plane and QRS duration > 150 ms. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 60 ± 11 years, 24 were males, and mean EF was 29% ± 7%. Thirty-two had QRS > 150 ms, and22, an electrical axis between -30º and +90º. Interventricular dyssynchrony was identified in 73% of the patients, while intraventricular dyssynchrony, in 37%-98%. Patients with QRS > 150 ms had larger left atrium and ventricle, and lower EF (p < 0.05). Left electrical axis deviation associated with worse diastolic function and greater atrial diameter. Interventricular and intraventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (ten methods) was similar in the different LBBB patterns (p = ns). CONCLUSION: In the two different electrocardiographic patterns of LBBB analyzed, no difference regarding the presence of mechanical dyssynchrony was observed.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Bundle-Branch Block/therapy , Bundle-Branch Block , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/therapyABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: Cerca de 30% dos AVE perioperatórios da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) são decorrentes de lesões carotídeas, sem redução de risco confirmada por intervenção perioperatória. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o impacto da doença carotídea e a intervenção perioperatória nos pacientes submetidos à CRM. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo observacional, avaliando 1.169 pacientes com idade > 65 anos submetidos à CRM entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2010, acompanhados, em média, por 49 meses. Todos foram submetidos à ultrassonografia de carótidas prévia à CRM. Definiu-se doença carotídea quando lesão > 50%. O desfecho primário foi composto pela incidência de AVE, acidente isquêmico transitório (AIT) e óbito por AVE. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da doença carotídea foi de 19,9% dos pacientes. A incidência do desfecho primário entre portadores e não portadores foi de 6,5% e 3,7%, respectivamente (p = 0,0018). Nos primeiros 30 dias, ocorreram 18,2% dos eventos. Relacionaram-se a doença carotídea: disfunção renal (OR 2,03, IC95% 1,34-3,07; p < 0,01), doença arterial periférica (OR 1,80, IC95% 1,22-2,65; p < 0,01) e infarto do miocárdio prévio (OR 0,47, IC95% 0,35-0,65; p < 0,01). Quanto ao desfecho primário, foram associados AIT prévio (OR 5,66, IC95% 1,67-6,35; p < 0,01) e disfunção renal (OR 3,28, IC95% 1,67-6,45; p < 0,01). Nos pacientes com lesão > 70%, a intervenção carotídea perioperatória apresentou incidência de 17% no desfecho primário contra 4,3% na conduta conservadora (p = 0,056) sem diferença entre abordagens percutânea e cirúrgica (p = 0,516). CONCLUSÃO: A doença carotídea aumenta o risco para AVE, AIT ou morte por AVE na CRM. Entretanto, a intervenção carotídea não foi relacionada à redução do desfecho primário.
BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of perioperative CVA of myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS) are a result of carotid injuries, without reduction of risk confirmed by perioperative intervention. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the impact of carotid disease and perioperative intervention in patients subjected to MRS. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study, evaluating 1169 patients aged > 69 years undergoing MRS from January, 2006 and December, 2010, monitored, on average, for 49 months. All patients were subjected to ultrasonography of carotids before MRS. It was defined as carotid disease when lesion > 50%. The primary outcome was composed of CVA incidence, transitory ischemic accident (TIA) and death due CVA. RESULTS: Prevalence of carotid disease was of 19.9% of patients. The incidence of primary outcome between unhealthy and healthy patients was of 6.5% and 3.7%, respectively (p = 0.0018). In the first 30 days, there were 18.2% of events. Were related to carotid disease: renal dysfunction (OR 2.03, IC95% 1.34-3.07; p < 0.01), peripheral arterial disease (OR 1.80, IC95% 1.22-2.65; p < 0.01) and previous myocardial infarction (OR 0.47, IC95% 0.35-0.65; p < 0.01). Regarding the primary outcome, were associated the previous TIA (OR 5.66, IC95% 1.67-6.35; p < 0.01) and renal dysfunction (OR 3.28, IC95% 1.67-6.45; p < 0.01). In patients with lesion >70%, perioperative carotid intervention demonstrated an incidence of 16% in primary outcome compared to 4.3% in conservatory treatment (p = 0.056) with no difference between percutaneous and surgical approaches (p = 0.516). CONCLUSION: Carotid disease increases the risk of CVA, TIA or death due to CVA in MRS. However, the carotid intervention was not related to reduction of primary outcome.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Carotid Artery Injuries/complications , Myocardial Revascularization/adverse effects , Stroke/etiology , Carotid Artery Injuries/mortality , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Multivariate Analysis , Myocardial Revascularization/mortality , Perioperative Period , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stroke/mortality , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Criança com 12 anos de idade, encaminhada para ecocardiografia transtorácica e transesofágica 2D e 3D para controle pós-operatório de correção de estenose subaórtica, que evidenciou um grande pseudoaneurisma da fibrosa intervalvar mitro-aórtica, associado à perfuração da base do folheto anterior da valva mitral. Tratava-se de um caso de coartação da aorta (CoAo) neonatal associada à comunicação interventricular (CIV), que necessitou de múltiplas intervenções cirúrgicas na infância devido ao não tratamento adequado das estruturas predisponentes de estenose subvalvar aórtica. Neste relato, são discutidas as particularidades anatômicas que predispõem a lesões obstrutivas esquerdas e a provável causa de desenvolvimento dessas lesões iatrogênicas.
Twelve year-old child referred for echocardiographic evaluation after surgical treatment of subaortic stenosis. Transthoracic and transesofageal (2D and real time 3D) showed a large pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa associated with a small perforation at the base of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. She had neonatal coarctation of the aorta associated with ventricular septal defect and required multiple surgical procedures in infancy due to an inappropriate treatment of the predisposing anatomical structures of subvalvular aortic stenosis. In this report, the mechanisms of these iatrogenic lesions and the abnormal anatomical features that predispose to left sided obstructive lesions are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Aortic Coarctation/complications , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Echocardiography/methods , Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular/surgery , Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular/complications , Aneurysm, False/therapyABSTRACT
Apesar de pouco frequente, a ruptura de músculo papilar é uma condição associada à regurgitação mitral importante, sendo causa grave de insuficiência cardíaca aguda, necessitando de diagnóstico e intervenção cirúrgica precoce. Neste relato, apresentamos um caso de paciente portador de febre reumática associado à endocardite infecciosa, que evoluiu com insuficiência mitral importante, secundária à ruptura do músculo papilar anterolateral.
Although its low frequency, the papillary muscle rupture is a condition associated with severe mitral regurgitation and cause of acute heart failure and need for urgent surgical intervention. We present a case of severe mitral regurgitation due to the anterolateral papillary muscle rupture secondary to rheumatic mitral valve disease and infectious endocarditis.