Dipterous flies species and their densities in fourteen Egyptian governorates

The present study focused on dipterous flies distribution and densities in 14 Egyptian governorates. The abundance and distribution of flies was carried out in three phases. The first was in 1999 in 5 governorates [Qalyoubia, Monoufia, Fayoum, Behaira and Assiut] including species of the families: Calliphoridae, Chloropidae, Drosophilidae, Milichiidae, Muscidae, Otitidae, Piophilidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Sphaeroceridae and Syrphidae. The second was in 2000 in another five governorates [Kafr-El-Sheikh, Giza, Menia, Aswan and Sharqia] including. of the families: Calliphoridae, Chloropidae, Drosophilidae, Milichiidae, Muscidae, Otitidae, Piophilidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Sphaeroceridae and Syrphidae. The third phase was in 2001 in 4 governorates [Qena, El-Wady El-Gedied, Daqahlia and South Sinai] including species of the families: Calliphoridae, Chloropidae, Drosophilidae, Milichiidae, Muscidae, Otitidae, Phoridae, Piophilidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Sphaeroceridae and Syrphidae. Musca domestica was the most abundant sp. found throughout the work. The results are a step in drawing an update map for insect-vectors to help in the national controls programs

Coagulation profile in otherwise healthy children with acute varicella infection

Several studies were done to investigate coagulation defects in patients with purpura fulminans secondary to varicella infection. However, very few studies were done to investigate such defects in patients with uncomplicated varicella. The aim of this study was to measure different coagulation parameters including free protein S, protein C, lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombin time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in patients with chickenpox during acute infection and one month later after cure. Levels of free protein S were found to be significantly lower during acute infection than levels done 1 month later [0.66 +/- 0.16 U/ml] versus [0.74 +/- 0.05 U/ml] respectively. Also, levels of protein C were significantly lower during acute infection [0.61 +/- 0.17 U/ml] than one month later [0.64 +/- 0.16 U/ml]. Antiphospholipid antibodies were increased to high levels during acute infection and returned to normal 1 month later and this change was significant. Lupus anticoagulant was detected during acute infection in some patients but failed to be detected later. Thrombin time showed significant prolongation during acute infection than 1 month later. Transient coagulation defects might occur in patients with acute varicella infection. However, these defects returned back to normal levels after cure

Mosquito species and their densities in some Egyptian governorates

The present work studied the mosquito's identification, distribution and densities in 14 Egyptian governorates. The abundance and distribution of mosquito species were monitored by three phases: The first was carried out in 1999 in Qalyoubia, Monoufia, Behaira, Fayoum and Assiut; the second was in the year 2000 in Kafr El-Sheikh, Giza, Sharqia, Menia and Aswan and the third was in the year 2001 in Qena, El-Wady El-Gadeed, Daqahlia and South Sinai. Culex species were the commonest, mainly C. Pipiens, C. antennatus and C. univittatus. C. theileri was found only in El-Kharga Oasis. Culiseta sp. was found in Qalyoubia, Monoufia, Behaira, Fayoum, El-Wady El-Gadeed, Daqahlia and South Sinai and as larvae in Kafr El-Sheikh, Giza and Menia. Aedes detritus was found in Assiut, Fayoum, Giza, Aswan, El-Wady El-Gadeed and South Sinai. Ae. Caspius was found in Assiut and Aswan and as larvae in Qena and El-Wady El-Gadeed. Anopheles pharoensis was found in Behaira and Fayoum; while, A. algeriensis was found in Aswan. A. multicolor and A. Sergentii were found in Fayoum, Aswan and El-Wady El-Gadeed; but in Qena, A. Sergentii was found as larvae and A. multicolor as adults

Field studies on the susceptibility of housefly to certain insecticides in nine Egyptian governorates

Standard WHO test methods were used to determine the susceptibility of field population of housefly to four organophosphorus and two pyrethroid insecticides. Field population flies were collected from nine governorates [Giza, Fayoum, Suez, Behaira, Monoufia, Sharqia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Assiut and Aswan]. The results indicated that all tested insecticides were very effective on flies collected from Sharqia, Kafr El-Sheikh and Aswan, but there was an increased vigor tolerance among those collected from Kafr El-Sheikh for bioresmethrin and tolerance for diazinon in Aswan. In Assiut, flies exhibited a high sensitivity to diazinon, deltamethrin and bromophos, while malathion was the least effective adulticide. A resistance to malathion, diazinon, fenthion and bioresmethrin was noticed in varying degrees at all governorates. The highest average resistance ratio was recorded for malathion in Behaira [55.3 folds] and in Suez [26 folds]. Resistance was also more pronounced in Monoufia for diazinon [23.3 folds]. As for bioresmethrin, an apparent increase in the resistance ratio was detected in Suez [25 folds]. In Giza, the houseflies were resistant to fenthion [14.5 folds]. Regarding the difference between the six insecticides used, deltamethrin was the most potent one in all governorates