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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;39(1): 80-85, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388336

ABSTRACT

Resumen La enfermedad de Hansen o lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por Mycobacterium leprae, y que afecta principalmente la piel y nervios periféricos. En los últimos años, se ha logrado un mejor control de la enfermedad en forma global. Sin embargo, en Chile la incidencia de la lepra ha ido en aumento. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 40 años, haitiano, con lesiones e histopatología compatibles con una lepra tuberculoide. Se discute la importancia en la educación sobre enfermedades menos prevalentes en Chile y se hace una revisión sobre la fisiopatología, clínica y clasificación de la enfermedad de Hansen.


Abstract Hansen's disease or leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, mainly affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. In recent years, a better control of the disease has been achieved globally. However, in Chile the incidence of leprosy has continued to increase. We present a case of a 40-year-old patient Haitian nationality with lesions and histopathology compatible with tuberculoid leprosy. We discuss the importance of education on less prevalent diseases in Chile, in conjunction with a review of the pathophysiology, clinic, and classification of Hansen's disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/diagnosis , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/drug therapy , Chile , Haiti , Leprosy , Mycobacterium leprae
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(12): 1597-1601, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-543137

ABSTRACT

Splenic lymphangiomas are benign primary simple or multiple tumors. They are incidentally diagnosed in children and people younger than 20 year-old. We report a 26-year-old female presenting with a history of five months of abdominal pain localized over the left upper hemi abdomen. A computed tomographic abdominal scan demonstrated a cystic tumor of 16 cm diameter originating from the spleen. Hydatic serology was negative and all blood tests were normal. At surgery, a spienic cyst was found and almost all the cystic wall was excised, leaving only a small portion attached to the spleen. The pathological report described spienic parenchyma with endothelial lining over the internal side of the cyst. Immunohystochemical stains of the endothelial cells were positive for VIII Factor and D2-40 that are specific for lymphatic endothelium, yielding the final diagnosis of a cystic spienic lymphangioma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Lymphangioma, Cystic/diagnosis , Splenic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphangioma, Cystic/surgery , Splenic Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(10): 1341-1345, oct. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-534041

ABSTRACT

Gastrointestinal duplications are uncommon developmental abnormalities that occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. We report a 36 year-old female admitted to the emergency room due to abdominal pain. Computed abdominal tomography demonstrated small bowel ¡oops surrounding a tubular cystic structure and peritoneal free fluid. The surgical exploration revealed multiple malignant implants covering the visceral and parietal peritoneum and infiltrating completely the omentum. At the Heal mesentery we found a tubular cystic whitish tumor measuring 12 cm of diameter and 15 cm on length. A complete resection of the tumor was not considered an option due to the extensive peritoneal dissemination. Thirty-four days after the operation the patient died. The histopathology of the cystic wall was compatible with the architecture of intestinal wall extensively infiltrated by a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma; a mucosal lining in parts atrophic and in parts infiltrated or replaced by adenocarcinoma was observed. A well structured muscular layer was recognized, and the myenteric plexus was identified.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Ileal Neoplasms/pathology , Ileum/abnormalities , Fatal Outcome
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(9): 1197-1200, sep. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-534022

ABSTRACT

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomic dominant condition affecting the central nervous systema and presenting a disposition towards development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We report a 38year-old female patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 that required emergency surgery due to a perforated GIST originating in the fourth duodenal portion. The GIST, and the fourth duodenal portion, were excised and a primary duodenum-jejunal anastomosis was performed. The pathological study showed a partially necrotic solid-cystic tumor with 1 to 2 mitoses per 50-high-power fields. The cells stained positively to CD 117, CD34 and Desmin, and were negative to S-100, Vimentin, and Smooth Muscle a-Actin. The patient is currently asymptomatic and under follow-up during the last 11 months after surgery (Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137:1197-200).


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(2): 154-157, abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-497964

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La incidencia de diverticulitis apendicular es de 0,004 por ciento a 2,1 por ciento en diferentes series. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 30 años de edad que consulta por un cuadro de 7 días de evolución con dolor abdominal localizado en la fosa ilíaca derecha. Con el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda es sometido a apendicectomía encontrándose un apéndice inflamado en la punta y cubierto de fibrina. A la histología se observa un divertículo apendicular edematoso e infiltrado por polimorfonucleares y peritonitis periapendicular. La pared del apéndice se encuentra sin signos inflamatorios y el lumen es de diámetro normal. El paciente evoluciona sin complicaciones en el postoperatorio y es dado de alta en buenas condiciones. Discusión: La diverticulitis apendicular se manifiesta con dolor abdominal insidioso que puede preceder hasta en 14 días a la cirugía. Algunos pacientes mencionan episodios de dolor previo similares al actual. La ecografía y la tomografía abdominal son inespecíficas para el diagnóstico, y el tratamiento es el mismo de la apendicitis: la apendicectomía. Debido a que el tratamiento es tardío comparado con la apendicitis aguda, los pacientes que sufren de diverticulitis apendicular tienen una mayor incidencia de complicaciones en el postoperatorio. Nuestro paciente presentó algunas de estas características y cursó un postoperatorio sin complicaciones.


The incidence of appendiceal diverticulitis varies from 0.004 percent to 2.1 percent in different series. We report a 30 years old male that consulted for 7 days of abdominal pain located at the right lower quadrant. He was operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. During surgery, a distally inflamed appendix covered with fibrin was observed. Pathology reported an edematous diverticulum infiltrated by polymorphonuclear cells and periappendiceal peritonitis. The appendiceal wall was normal and the appendiceal lumen diameter was preserved. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and the patient was discharged in good conditions. Appendiceal diverticulitis manifest as insidious abdominal pain lasting 1 to 14 days before surgery. Some patients had previous episodes of pain. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography are unspecific for the diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulitis and the treatment is just the same as for acute appendicitis: appendectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Appendicitis/surgery , Diverticulitis/surgery , Appendectomy , Appendix/pathology , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(10): 1318-1322, oct. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-470712

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic choristoma is the ocurrence of normal pancreatic tissue in an abnormal location without any anatomic continuity with the main body of the gland. Although heterotopia is uncommon in the gallbladder and biliary tract, anecdotic cases of gastric mucosa, liver, adrenal gland and pancreas among other tissues have been described. We report an eight year-old male and a 22 year-old female, electively operated for symptomatic cholelithiasis. On pathology, a nodule identified as a pancreatic endocrine and exocrine choristoma, was found in the gallbladder wall of both patients. We employed immunohistochemistry to characterize this choristoma. Tubular and epithelial structures were immunoreactive to cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, 19 and 20 and to CA19-9. Exocrine activity was documented by immunoreactivity to al-antitrypsin and al-chemotrypsin. Other immunohistochemical markers such as insulin and somatostatin were positive identifying endocrine activity.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Choristoma/pathology , Gallbladder Diseases/pathology , Pancreas , Biomarkers/metabolism , Choristoma/surgery , Gallbladder Diseases/surgery , Immunohistochemistry
7.
Rev. chil. cir ; 59(3): 229-232, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-465002

ABSTRACT

El tejido hepático heterotópico es una condición poco común que se identifica con mayor frecuencia durante la exploración quirúrgica del abdomen por otras indicaciones. Describimos un caso de tejido hepático heterotópico localizado en la pared externa de la vesícula biliar de un paciente masculino de 47 años de edad, en el cual se realizó una colecistectomía laparoscópica porcolelitiasis sintomática. El reporte histopatológico informa de cambios crónicos en la pared vesicular y leve infiltrado linfocitario difuso en el corion de la mucosa y muscularis mucosae sin compromiso inflamatorio o infiltración por otros tejidos. El nodulo hepático compromete solo la serosa y mide 12x8x6 mm, la arquitectura es típica del parénquima hepático con su arquitectura lobulillar conservada y leve hiperemia centrolobulillar difusa. Aún cuando el coristoma hepático de nuestro paciente constituye un hallazgo inesperado, es importante destacar las implicaciones patológicas de este tejido y el potencial de malignidad asociado al mismo.


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Choristoma/surgery , Choristoma/pathology , Gallbladder Diseases/surgery , Gallbladder Diseases/pathology , Liver , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 58(1): 50-53, feb. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627055

ABSTRACT

La incidencia del divertículo de Meckel es de 2% en la población general. Las complicaciones de los divertículos de Meckel se presentan en 4 a 30% de las personas afectadas, más de 50% de los casos complicados se producen en pacientes menores de 10 años de edad. El vólvulo del divertículo de Meckel es una complicación poco frecuente con una incidencia de 3,2%. Reportamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 64 años que se presenta con vólvulo de un divertículo de Meckel asociado a obstrucción intestinal y peritonitis. La radiografía de abdomen demostró niveles hidroaéreos compatibles con el diagnóstico de obstrucción intestinal. En la tomografía abdominal y pelviana se observan asas de intestino delgado con pared engrosada, aglutinadas en un plastrón y llenas de contenido líquido localizadas en la pelvis. Los hallazgos de la cirugía fueron asas de yeyuno e ileon muy dilatadas, hacia la región periumbilical e hipogástrica se observa un plastrón inflamatorio dentro del cual se encuentra un divertículo de Meckel volvulado que se origina del ileón terminal, se realiza resección de un segmento intestinal de 4 cm, donde está la base del divertículo, y anastomosis primaria con sutura continua de ácido poliglicólico en dos planos. El paciente se recuperó sin complicaciones en el postoperatorio. El estudio histopatológico no encontró mucosa heterotópica gástrica o tejido pancreático en la pared del divertículo.


Meckel's diverticulum has a 2% incidence in the general population. Only 4% to 30% of all patients with Meckel's diverticulum develop complications. Most Meckel's diverticulum complications appear in patients aged 10 years or less. Among these, Meckel's diverticulum volvulus is unusual with a 3% incidence. We report a 64 years old patient with a Meckel's diverticulum volvulus associated with intestinal obstruction and peritonitis. Plain abdominal X rays showed air-fluid levels. An abdominal and pelvic CAT scan showed small bowel loops forming an inflammatory mass and filled with intestinal fluids inside the pelvis. During surgery an inflammatory mass encapsulating a twisted Meckel's diverticulum originating from the terminal ileon was observed. A segmental resection of the diverticulum's base and primary anastomosis in two planes with polyglycolic acid suture, was performed. The patient had an uneventful postoperative period with no complications. The histopathological report did not found heterotopic gastric mucosa or pancreatic tissue in the diverticulum's wall.

9.
Rev. chil. cir ; 52(5): 503-10, oct. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277914

ABSTRACT

Se presentan 277 pacientes portadores de cáncer basocelular primarios tratados entre 1989 y 1998. Se analiza retrospectivamente su comportamiento epidemiológico comparando la incidencia y tasa de morbilidad en la planicie costera y las zonas altas de los valles interiores. Además se describe y compara la incidencia de radiación UVB en las dos áreas. La insolación UVB media acumulada mensual de los valles interiores casi duplica la del área costera siguiendo un ritmo estacional más alto en el verano y más bajo en el invierno. La comparación de dos zonas que se diferencian en altitud y humedad relativa ambiental muestra una diferencia de incidencia y de tasa de morbilidad de cáncer basocelular, siendo aquellas más elevadas en el área de mayor insolación ultravioleta, correspondiente a los valles interiores. En conclusión, la incidencia de CBC en la IV región de Chile duplica los valores medios de incidencia de grandes series internacionales, por otra parte, el riesgo relativo de desarrollar la enfermedad es hasta un 44 por ciento mayor para los habitantes de los valles interiores (RR=1,44 en 1998) y, por último, la tasa de morbilidad es uniformemente mayor en el área de mayor insolación UVB


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Basal Cell/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Basins , Chile/epidemiology , Coasts , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Sunstroke/complications , Sunstroke/epidemiology , Morbidity , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects
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