ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease with inflammation as an important pathogenic background. However, the pattern of immune cell subsets and the cytokine profile associated with development of T2D are unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate different components of the immune system in T2D patients' peripheral blood by quantifying the frequency of lymphocyte subsets and intracellular pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by T cells. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 22 men (51.6±6.3 years old) with T2D and 20 nonsmoking men (49.4±7.6 years old) who were matched for age and sex as control subjects. Glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations, and the lipid profile were measured by a commercially available automated system. Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and intracellular production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ cytokines by CD3+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. No differences were observed in the frequency of CD19+ B cells, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD16+56+ NK cells, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in patients with T2D compared with controls. The numbers of IL-10- and IL-17-producing CD3+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with T2D than in controls (P<0.05). The frequency of interferon-γ-producing CD3+ T cells was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.59; P=0.01). In conclusion, this study shows increased numbers of circulating IL-10- and IL-17-producing CD3+ T cells in patients with T2D, suggesting that these cytokines are involved in the immune pathology of this disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Cytokines/blood , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Reference Values , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Lymphocyte Count , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology , Flow Cytometry , Immunity, CellularABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and pulmonary function and the relationship with metabolic variables and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Nineteen men with diabetes and 19 age- and gender-matched control subjects were studied. All individuals were given incremental cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function tests. In the exercise test, maximal workload (158.3±22.3 vs 135.1±25.2, P=0.005), peak heart rate (HRpeak: 149±12 vs 139±10, P=0.009), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak: 24.2±3.2 vs 18.9±2.8, P<0.001), and anaerobic threshold (VO2VT: 14.1±3.4 vs 12.2±2.2, P=0.04) were significantly lower in individuals with diabetes than in control subjects. Pulmonary function test parameters, blood pressure, lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol), and CRP plasma levels were not different in control subjects and individuals with DM. No correlations were observed between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), CRP and pulmonary function test and cardiopulmonary exercise test performance. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that nonsmoking individuals with DM have decreased cardiorespiratory fitness that is not correlated with resting pulmonary function parameters, HbA1c, and CRP plasma levels.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anaerobic Threshold , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Exercise Test , Blood Pressure , Blood Glucose/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Heart Rate , Lung/metabolism , Metabolome , Oxygen Consumption , Statistics as Topic , Triglycerides/blood , Workload/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A elevada incidencia de desordens lombares representa altos custos pessoais e sociais par o Estado. O movimento extremo flexao lombar e fundamental para o desenvolvimento e agravamento da dor nessa regiao. desta forma, a quantificacao precisa desse movimento e importante para prevencao e tratamento dessas desordens. O proposito deste trabalho foi avaliar a confiabilidade paralela do duplo fleximetro (FLM) da marca FLEXIMETER por intermedio da utilizacao de um eletrogoniometro (EGM) flexivel, considerado altamente preciso, durante as medidas do movimento de flexao anterior da coluna lombar. Foram estudados doze sujeitos saudaveis (sexo masculino, idade media de 21,2 anos, altura media de 1,73m, massa corporal media de 72,3kg, IMC entre 20 e 30 kg/m2). Apos triados por uma avaliacao postural, os sujeitos foram familiarizados com a situacao de teste e preparados para a coleta. Tres posicoes preestabelecidas ao longo do movimento de flexao anterior da coluna lombar (15o., 30o., e 45o.) foram registrados pelo EGM e utilizadas como parametro para as medidas etuadas simultanamente com o duplo fleximetro. Os resultados do teste t emparelhado para as medias dos valores angulares do FLM mostraram os p-valores 0,0052 e 0,17, respectivamente, para as posicoes 15o., 30o. e 45o. registradas pelo EGM. Apenas para o angulo de 45o. (p>0,05) as medidas registradas pelos dois aparelhos foram equivalentes e , portanto, confiaveis. Apesar de a confiabiliade do FLM tender a aumentar com o aumento da amplitude de movimento, de maneira geral, o FLM da marca FLEXIMETER nao pode ser considerado confiavel para a amostra estudada