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OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics and regulations of adverse drug reactions （ADR） caused by apatinib， and to provide a reference for the safe use of apatinib in clinic. METHODS Case and group reports on ADR and safety evaluation of apatinib were retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI， Wanfang medical network， VIP and PubMed since its listing in 2014， literature data were extracted and statistically analyzed after screening. RESULTS Totally 101 cases were included， involving 221 ADR. In the above cases， the male-to-female ratio was 1.24∶1， with the highest proportion of patients aged 51 to 70 years， most of the patients were given a dose of 500 mg or more， and the patients given low dose of apatinib combined with other antitumor drugs were also likely to have ADR. One to two types of adverse reaction were the most common， while the types could reach up to six. Most ADR occurred within 30 days after medication， and the systems/organs involved were mainly the cardiovascular system damage，skin and its accessories damage， gastrointestinal system damage and urinary system damage； the main clinical manifestations were hypertension/aggravation，hand-foot syndrome，abdominal pain diarrhea and albuminuria， etc. Hypertension/aggravation， hand-foot syndrome and myelosuppression were the most common serious ADR. Most ADR could be improved/cured by suspension of administration， dose downregulation and symptomatic treatment. All 4 patients who died had underlying diseases， and their ECOG scores all ≥2 points. Special ADR （such as reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome， psychiatric disorders， and cognitive impairment） were mostly caused by apatinib itself， or may be caused by apatinib in combination with the primary or underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age， large dose， combination medication， underlying diseases and poor physical condition might be the high risks for ADR caused by apatinib. It is recommended to monitor the blood pressure，urine protein and skin of hands and feet of all patients with medication on a daily basis，pay attention to the occurrence of special ADR， and timely detect abnormal states and give effective intervention，so as to avoid the aggravation of ADR and other secondary ADR.
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Objective To propose an idea executing myocardial perfusion-positron emission tomography (MP-PET) to solve its problems in vulnerability to noise,degraded image quality etc.Methods Low-rank plus sparse decomposition theory was applied to decomposing MP-PET images,and sparsity constraint of MP-PET images was executed with its tight frame coefficient to restore the image quality.Results The validity of the proposed method was verified by computer simulation and multi quantitative index.Conclusion The results demonstrate better performance of the restored images from the proposed recovery model compared with other methods.
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OBJECTIVE Lychee seed, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, recently were reported to improve the learning and memory abilities in mice. However, it is still unclear whether lychee seed saponins (LSS) can improve the cognitive function and associated mechanisms. METHODS In present studies, we established the Alzheimer disease (AD) model by injecting Aβ25-35 into the lateral ventricle of rats. Then the spatial learning and memory abilities of LSS- treated rats were evaluated with the Morris water maze, meanwhile the protein expressions of AKT, GSK3β and Tau in the hippo?campal neuron were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed LSS can improve the cognitive functions of AD rats through shortening the escape latency, increasing the number across the platform, platform quadrant dwell time and the percentage of the total distance run platform quadrant. The protein expression of AKT was significantly up-regulated and that of GSK3β and Tau were decreased remarkably in the hippocampal CA1 area. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that LSS significantly improve the cognitive function and prevent hippocampal neuronal injury of the rats with AD by activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, suggesting LSS may be developed into the nutrient supplement for the treatment of AD.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the drug therapy for patient with tonsil cancer. METH-ODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug therapy for a patient with tonsil cancer. Referring to related clinical guidelines, literatures and the characteristics of chemotherapy drug effects,combined with clinical symptoms and economic situation of pa-tient,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians to formulate chemotherapy plan of nedaplatin combined with docetaxel (Nedaplatin for injection 100 mg,d1;50 mg,d2;ivgtt,qd+Docetaxel injection 100 mg,d1,ivgtt,qd,every 3 weeks for 1 cycle)according to effectiveness and safety. Clinical pharmacists closely monitored the occurrence of ADR as depression of bone marrow,gastroin-testinal reaction and allergic reaction,and provided medication education and discharge education,such as the use of pretreated che-motherapy drugs,diet and drinking water during chemotherapy,the prevention of ADR,etc. RESULTS:Physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. The patient completed chemotherapy smoothly,and no ADR was found. CONCLUSIONS:In the case of there is no unified standard for chemotherapy program of tonsil cancer at present,clinical pharmacists assist physicians to formulate chemotherapy plan according to the patient's condition,the characteristics of drug effects and economical situation,as well as conduct pharmaceutical monitoring actively so as to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Shadu Cao Mixture (SDCM, traditional Chinese medicine) on immune functions of immunosuppression mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, SDCM low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose group. Except the blank control group, other groups were intraperitoneal injected with cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) to establish immunosuppression mice model. The blank control group and model group received gavage administration with nonnal saline, while the other groups received gavage administration with different doses of SDCM (10, 20, 40 m/kg for 15 days) respectively. The number of leukocytes and serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in peripheral blood, spleen index, and the function of NK cells were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group , SDCM increased the number of leukocytes and serum concentrations of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in peripheral blood and improved the spleen index and the function of NK cells significantly (P < 0.05-0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SDCM could remarkably enhance the immune functions of immunosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cyclophosphamide , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Immunosuppression Therapy , Interferon-gamma , Blood , Interleukin-2 , Blood , Killer Cells, Natural , Allergy and Immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Spleen , Allergy and Immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To screen differential proteins in serum from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients by Proteomic Technology and to purify and identify them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surface enhanced laser desorption Ionization time of flight-mass spectrum (SELDI-TOF-MS) was employed to screen differential proteins in serum from 33 HCC patients and 33 control cases, and then to purify and identify them using isoelectric precipitation, Tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tricine-SDS-PAGE) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem Mass Spectrum (HPLC-MS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>65 protein peaks in the range of relative molecular weight from 2,000 to 10,000 were found significant difference (P less than 0.05) between the patient group and control group. Based on these differential protein peaks, diagnostic model for HCC detection was established and its sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.97% respectively. Proteins with 8,706.5 and 8,579.2 relative molecular weights (the t value was 2.562 and 2.783 respectively, and P value was 0.013 and 0.015 respectively) out of the 65 differential proteins were purified and identified, and then recognized as Apolipoprotein AII (Apo AII).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apo AII is probably a differential protein of HCC and maybe related to the pathogenesis of HCC.</p>