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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 41(2): 183-186, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1568009

ABSTRACT

Introduction Ewing sarcomas are a family of tumors that can be of skeletal or extraskeletal origin. We report a rare case of a child with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma in the thoracolumbar epidural space. Case Report The patient was a 1-year-old female child with sphincter alteration, flaccid paraplegia, and areflexia. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a large extensive epidural lesion with compression of the dural sac in the D6­L2 segment, and a left paravertebral extension through the L1­L2 foramen. Laminotomy was performed, with subtotal resection of the lesion. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated Ewing sarcoma. Due to the child's age, radiotherapy was not performed, only chemotherapy, due to the aggressiveness of the neoplasm. The patient showed rapid tumor recurrence and ended up dying. Discussion Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma can appear in different locations in the body. They are aggressive tumors with local recurrence and distant metastases. In our case, a combination of MRI and positron-emission tomography­computed tomography scan presented a clearer result, especially in the presence of metastasis. In the histopathological analysis, small blue cells with a clear cytoplasm and indistinct nucleoli were observed. In the immunohistochemical analysis, CD99 (MIC2) expression is highlighted. The best treatment outcome would have been surgical resection with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion We reported a rare case of thoracolumbar epidural Ewing sarcoma in which, despite surgery and chemotherapy, the tumor behaved very aggressively, leading to an unfavorable prognosis.


Introdução Os sarcomas de Ewing constituem uma família de tumores que podem ser de origem óssea ou extraesquelética. O caso aqui relatado é o de uma criança com raro sarcoma de Ewing extraesquelético no espaço epidural toracolombar. Relato de caso Criança do sexo feminino, de 1 ano de idade, com quadro de alteração de esfincter, paraplegia flácida, e arreflexia. O exame de ressonância magnética (RM) revelou volumosa lesão expansiva epidural com compressão do saco dural no segmento de D6-L2, e extensão paravertebral esquerda através do forame L1-L2. Realizou-se laminotomia, com ressecção subtotal da lesão. O exame histopatológico e a imunohistoquímica indicavam sarcoma de Ewing. Por conta da idade da criança, ela não foi submetida a radioterapia, apenas a quimioterapia, e, devido à agressividade da neoplasia, a paciente evoluiu com rápida recidiva tumoral e terminou falecendo. Discussão O sarcoma de Ewing extraesquelético pode aparecer em diferentes locais do corpo. São tumores agressivos com recorrência local e metástase à distância. Na investigação, a combinação de RM e tomografia por emissão de pósitrons­tomografia computadorizada apresenta melhor resultado, principalmente na presença de metástase. No exame histopatológico, observaram-se pequenas células azuis com citoplasma claro e nucléolos indistintos. Na imunohistoquímica, se destaca a expressão principalmente do CD99 (MIC2). A conduta com melhor resultado no tratamento seria ressecção cirúrgica, com quimioterapia e radioterapia. Conclusão Relatamos um caso raro de uma criança com sarcoma de Ewing epidural na coluna, e apesar da realização da cirurgia e de quimioterapia, o tumor se comportou de modo extremamente agressivo, o que levou a um prognóstico desfavorável.

2.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(4): 349-351, 15/12/2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362648

ABSTRACT

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an increasingly common neurosurgical procedure. Hemostatic agentes (porcine gelatin and oxidized cellulose) are normally placed to plug the cortical hole after ETV to avoid cerebral spinal fluid leakage, subdural hygroma, and hemorrhage. Here we report the case of a 6-year-old boy with hydrocephalus who underwent ETV and which oxidized cellulose was placed to plug the cortical hole.Magnetic resonance imaging of the head performed 3 months after the procedure showed the presence of oxidized cellulose in the ventricle. After an unsuccessful attempt to remove the cellulose, it was decided that the patient should be kept under observation. Twoyears later, the child is in good health and without any complaints. Hemostatic agents (especially oxidized cellulose) used on the cortical hole after ETV can migrate to the ventricle and compromise the procedure. Follow-up should be performedfor such patients, and the main focus should be on not causing further injury.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Ventriculostomy/methods , Cellulose, Oxidized/therapeutic use , Third Ventricle/abnormalities , Hydrocephalus/complications , Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging , Psychosurgery/methods
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(3): 333-338, June 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-550261

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the diagnostic value of morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis among Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We studied 21 PD cases, 11 MSA-c, 8 MSA-p and 20 PSP cases. Midbrain area (Ams), pons area (Apn), middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) and superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) were measured using MRI. Comparisons were made between PD, MSA-p, MSA-c and PSP. Apn, MCP and SCP morphometry dimensions presented differences among groups. Ams below 105 mm² and SCP smaller than 3 mmwere the most predictive measures of PSP (sensitivity 95.0 and 80.0 percent, respectively). For the group of MSA-c patients, Apn area below 315 mm² showed good specificity and positive predictive value (93.8 percent and 72.7 percent, respectively). In conclusion, dimensions and cut off values obtained from routine MRI can differentiate between PD, PSP and MSA-c with good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.


Morfometria pela ressonância magnética (RM) no diagnóstico diferencial entre doença de Parkinson (DP), paralisia supranuclear progressiva (PSP) e atrofia de múltiplos sistemas (AMS). Este estudo avaliou a RM no diagnóstico diferencial de 21 casos com DP, 11 AMS-c, 8 AMS-p e 20 com PSP. A área sagital do mesencéfalo (Ams), área sagital da ponte (Apn), largura do pedúnculo cerebelar médio (PCM) e pedúnculo cerebelar superior (PCS) foram medidas pela RM e realizadas comparações entre destes pacientes. A Ams <105 mm² e a largura média do PCS <3 mm foram preditivas para PSP (sensibilidade de 95,0 e 80,0 por cento, respectivamente). Nos casos de AMS-c a área pontina <315 mm² apresentou boa especificidade e valor preditivo positivo para o diagnóstico (93,8 por cento e 72,7 por cento). Em conclusão, as dimensões e valores de cortes obtidos a partir da RM podem diferenciar PD, PSP e AMS-c, com sensibilidade, especificidade e precisão.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Mesencephalon/pathology , Multiple System Atrophy/diagnosis , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Multiple System Atrophy/pathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Parkinson Disease/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/pathology
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