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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);43(1): 93-106, mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533923

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En Ecuador, las mordeduras de serpientes venenosas son un problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, no existe información hospitalaria reciente desde la Amazonía. Objetivo. Analizar retrospectivamente las características clínico-epidemiológicas de las mordeduras de serpientes en pacientes ingresados en un hospital de la Amazonía del Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el hospital provincial de Nueva Loja (Sucumbíos), que colinda con Colombia, 2017-2021. La información sobre las variables demográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas, y la condición al egreso hospitalario, se obtuvieron de la ficha epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Resultados. En cinco años se hospitalizaron 147 pacientes (29,4 por año), sin que se presentaran muertes. Corresponden a 26, 34, 32, 29 y 26 casos, en el 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 y 2021, respectivamente. Según el sexo, los más afectados fueron los hombres (n=99; 67,3 %), según el grupo etario, los de 21 a 30 años (n=28; 19,0 %) y, según la raza, los de etnia mestiza (n=94; 63,9 %), estudiantes y agricultores. La mediana de edad fue de 28 años (rango: 4 a 81). Hubo mayor prevalencia en abril, junio y septiembre. Todos los accidentes fueron causados por serpientes Viperidae. Veinte (13,6 %) casos fueron leves, 90 (61,2 %), moderados, y 37 (25,2 %), graves. La mordedura fue más frecuente en los pies (45 casos). El 53,1 % recibió suero antiofídico antes de la hospitalización y en el 19,8 % de los pacientes se colocó un torniquete. La mediana de tiempo de llegada al hospital fue de 5 horas (rango: 1-192), y lo más frecuente fue entre 2 y 3 horas (41 casos). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la gravedad del caso. Conclusiones. Se evidenció una gran prevalencia de mordeduras de serpientes en el norte de la región amazónica-Ecuador, con mayor incidencia en la estación lluviosa y todas causadas por Viperidae. Es importante resaltar la mortalidad nula. Las campañas informativas sobre prevención y primeros auxilios, como la desmotivación del uso de torniquetes, serían fundamentales para reducir los casos, especialmente, en los grupos vulnerables.


Introduction: In Ecuador, poisonous snakebites are a public health problem. However, there is no recent hospital information from the Amazon. Objective: To retrospectively analyse the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of snakebites in patients admitted to a hospital in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Nueva Loja-Sucumbíos Provincial Hospital, bordering Colombia (2017-2021). Demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables, and condition at hospital discharge, were obtained from the epidemiological file of the Ministerio de Salud Pública. Results: In 5 years, 147 patients (29.4 per year) were hospitalized with no mortality. They corresponded to 26, 34, 32, 29 and 26 cases, in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Men with 99 (67.3%), aged 21-30 years with 28, mixed race with 94 cases, students, and farmers, were the most affected. The most affected (99; 67.3%) were men, people 21 to 30 years-old (28; 19.0%), mestizos (94; 63.9%), students, and farmers. The median age was 28 (range: 4-81) years. Prevalence was higher in April, June, and September. All accidents were caused by Viperidae snakes. Twenty (13.6%) cases were mild, (61.2%) were moderate and 37 (25.2%) were severe. The feet with 45 were the most bitten. Pre-hospitalization anti-venom serum was received by 53.1% and tourniquet by 19.8% patients. Median hospital arrival time was 5 (range 1-192) hours, mostly between 2-3 hours with 41 cases. No statistically significant differences were found considering the severity. Conclusions: A high prevalence of snakebites was evidenced in the north of the Amazon in Ecuador, with a higher incidence in the rainy season and all by Viperidae species. It is important to highlight the null mortality. Information campaigns on prevention and first aid, such as discouraging the use of tourniquets, especially among vulnerable groups.


Subject(s)
Snake Bites/epidemiology , Amazonian Ecosystem , Ecuador , Animals, Poisonous
2.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 47: e48, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432080

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs. Methods. Fecal samples were collected from humans and their chickens and pigs in two rural coastal and Amazon regions between April and August 2020. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional techniques. Phenotypic resistance was determined using the broth microdilution technique, and the mcr-1 gene was detected using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results. A total of 438 fecal samples were obtained from 137 humans, 147 pigs and 154 chickens. The prevalence of E. coli isolates was 86.3% (378/438) and K. pneumoniae, 37.4% (164/438). Overall, the mcr-1 gene was found in 90% (340/378) of E. coli isolates, with higher prevalences found in isolates from coastal regions (96.5%, 191/198), humans (95.6%, 111/116) and chickens (91.8%, 123/134); for K. pneumoniae, the gene was found in 19.5% (32/164) of isolates, with equal distribution between regions and hosts. Only four isolates, two E. coli and two K. pneumoniae, showed phenotypic resistance: mcr-1 was present in both E. coli strains but absent in the K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusions. Despite a low prevalence of phenotypic resistance to colistin, the high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in E. coli is of concern. Ecuador's ban on using colistin in animal husbandry must be enforced, and continual monitoring of the situation should be implemented.


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RESUMO Objetivo. A colistina é um antibiótico de último recurso para o tratamento de infecções graves por bactérias Gram-negativas. Entretanto, o uso indevido da colistina, principalmente como promotor de crescimento animal, tem contribuído para o aumento da resistência a antimicrobianos, principalmente por transferência horizontal do gene mcr-1 mediada por plasmídeos. Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de resistência fenotípica e molecular à colistina em Escherichia coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae no Equador em humanos hígidos e em galinhas e porcos por eles criados. Métodos. Entre abril e agosto de 2020, foram coletadas amostras de fezes de habitantes de duas regiões litorâneas e amazônicas do Equador e de galinhas e porcos por eles criados. Bactérias Gram-negativas foram isoladas e identificadas por meio de técnicas convencionais. A resistência fenotípica foi determinada pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo, e o gene mcr-1 foi detectado por reação em cadeia da polimerase convencional. Resultados. Foram obtidas 438 amostras fecais de 137 humanos, 147 suínos e 154 galinhas. A prevalência de isolados de E. coli foi de 86,3% (378/438), e de K. pneumoniae, 37,4% (164/438). Em geral, o gene mcr-1 foi encontrado em 90% (340/378) dos isolados de E. coli, com maiores prevalências encontradas em isolados de regiões litorâneas (96,5%, 191/198), humanos (95,6%, 111/116) e galinhas (91,8%, 123/134); para K. pneumoniae, o gene foi encontrado em 19,5% (32/164) dos isolados, com igual distribuição entre regiões e hospedeiros. Somente quatro isolados, dois de E. coli e dois de K. pneumoniae, demonstraram resistência fenotípica: o gene mcr-1 estava presente em ambas as cepas de E. coli, mas ausente nas de K. pneumoniae. Conclusões. Apesar da baixa prevalência de resistência fenotípica à colistina, a alta prevalência do gene mcr-1 em E. coli é preocupante. É preciso fiscalizar a proibição ao uso agropecuário de colistina no Equador e implementar o monitoramento contínuo da situação.

3.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 73(3)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408882

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La paragonimiasis pulmonar es una trematodiasis tropical poco común, causada por Paragonimus spp. Se adquiere por la ingestión de cangrejos de agua dulce, que puede provocar sintomatología respiratoria con tos crónica y expectoración herrumbrosa. El derrame pleural es una complicación rara con disnea y dificultad respiratoria. Objetivo: describir un caso con derrame pleural bilateral por infección de Paragonimus spp. Caso clínico: Mujer indígena Kichwa de 51 años, de la Amazonía del Ecuador, hospitalizada por dificultad respiratoria y disnea progresiva, con tos y expectoración hemoptoica. En radiografía y tomografía axial computarizada de tórax, se observa derrame pleural bilateral y en esputo se visualizan al microscopio huevos de Paragonimus spp. Se administró praziquantel 1 800 mg/día por 3 días. Al quinto día es dada de alta y a los 45 días existe resolución del cuadro respiratorio y del derrame pleural. Conclusiones: Considerar la búsqueda de huevos del parásito en esputo y/o líquido pleural en pacientes con sintomatología respiratoria y derrame pleural, incluso en migrantes de países endémicos, para un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Pulmonary paragonimiasis is an uncommon tropical trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. Acquired through the intake of freshwater crabs, this condition is characterized by respiratory symptoms such as chronic coughing and rusty expectoration. Pleural effusion is a rare complication accompanied by dyspnea and difficulty breathing. Objective: Describe a case of bilateral pleural effusion due to Paragonimus spp. infection. Clinical case: A female 51-year-old indigenous Kichwa woman was admitted for difficulty breathing and progressive dyspnea, coughing and hemoptoic expectoration. Chest radiography and computed axial tomography showed bilateral pleural effusion, whereas Paragonimus spp. eggs were visible in sputum samples under the microscope. Praziquantel 1 800 mg/day was administered for three days. The patient was discharged on the fifth day and at 45 days the respiratory picture and the pleural effusion were found to have resolved. Conclusions: Consideration should be given to the search for eggs of the parasite in sputum and/or pleural fluid of patients with respiratory symptoms and pleural effusion, even if they are migrants from endemic countries, with a view to an early diagnosis and timely treatment.

4.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 73(2): e620, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1347499

ABSTRACT

Las miasis humanas son ectoparasitosis causadas por larvas de varias especies de moscas que producen distintas formas clínicas, afectan piel, cavidades y heridas. Estas prevalecen en regiones tropicales. Se presenta un caso de miasis foruncular en un hombre de 32 años, turista, infestado en una zona tropical húmeda de la región costera del Pacífico del Ecuador. Acude a consulta con un cuadro clínico de 30 días de evolución, y refiere picadura de insecto que creció hasta formar elevación indurada prurítica, no dolorosa, en piel de flanco izquierdo del abdomen. Al examen físico se observó una lesión foruncular de 3 x 2 cm rodeada de placa eritematosa con el centro abierto observándose un agujero central que descargaba un líquido sero-sanguinolento con movimientos. Por extracción manual se obtuvo una sola larva que por sus características externas se identificó como Dermatobia hominis. El resto del examen físico y exámenes de laboratorio fueron normales. Las actividades turísticas o de trabajo a estas zonas tropicales expone a las personas al riesgo de contraer miasis, por ende, es necesario información y medidas de prevención(AU)


Human myases are ectoparasitic infections caused by larvae of several fly species. They present various clinical manifestations, affecting the skin, cavities and wounds. Myases prevail in tropical regions. A case is presented of furuncular myasis in a male 32-year-old tourist infected in a humid tropical area from the Pacific coastal region of Ecuador. The patient presented with a clinical status of 30 days' evolution, reporting an insect bite that grew to form a painless indurated pruritic nodule on the skin of his left flank of the abdomen. Physical examination found a 3 x 2 cm furuncular lesion surrounded by erythematous plaque and an open center which discharged a serosanguineous fluid with movement. A single larva was obtained by manual extraction, which was identified as Dermatobia hominis based on its external characteristics. The remaining physical examination and laboratory tests were normal. Tourist and work activities in these tropical areas expose people to the risk of contracting myasis. Information and prevention measures are therefore necessary(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Insect Bites and Stings , Larva , Myiasis/prevention & control , Tropical Zone , Ecuador , /methods
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;34(5): 499-501, oct. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899749

ABSTRACT

Resumen Durante 11 años un varón de 38 años de edad, residente en una región subtropical de Ecuador, había sido diagnosticado de anemia crónica y tratado con transfusiones de sangre en un hospital de la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Fue transferido a Quito por una anemia grave, con hemoglobina de 4 g/dL. Se realizó una duodenoscopia en que se observaron nemátodos adultos, identificados posteriormente como Ancylostoma duodenale. El paciente fue tratado exitosamente con albendazol durante cinco días consecutivos y transfusiones de sangre. En el seguimiento a los ocho meses, no se encontró anemia ni huevos de anquilostomas en el examen de heces.


For 11 years, a 38-year-old male residing in a subtropical region of Ecuador, was repeatedly diagnosed with chronic anemia, and treated with blood transfusions in a hospital of province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. He was transferred to Quito for severe anemia, having hemoglobin of 4 g/dL. Duodenoscopy was performed and adult nematodes, identified later as Ancylostoma duodenale, were observed. The patient was successfully treated with albendazole for five consecutive days and given blood transfusions. In the control visit at eight months, without anemia and no hookworm ova in the stool examined were found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Adult , Duodenal Diseases/parasitology , Ancylostoma , Ancylostomiasis/complications , Anemia/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Biopsy , Chronic Disease , Duodenoscopy/methods , Ecuador , Ancylostomiasis/diagnosis , Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(5): 364-369, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841794

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Amphimerus spp. is a liver fluke that infects humans and domestic animals. It is highly prevalent in some Ecuadorian communities. Currently, diagnosis is based on the microscopic observation of eggs in faeces, but this has variable sensitivity. More sensitive methods are needed for diagnostic testing. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this work was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using crude antigens from Amphimerus spp. adult worms to detect anti-Amphimerus IgG in human sera. METHODS Crude somatic antigens were obtained from adult Amphimerus spp. worms. Human sera from 119 patients were tested: 48 from individuals with a confirmed Amphimerus spp. infection, 78 from non-infected Ecuadorians living in the endemic region, 60 from persons living in non-endemic areas (20 Ecuadorians, 20 Europeans, and 20 Africans), and 33 who had other parasitic and non-parasitic infections. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Results were analysed using the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.967. The accuracy of the ELISA was high. The sensitivity was 85.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 80.3-89.7%] and the specificity was 71.0% (95% CI: 65.2-76.8%). Some cross reactivity was detected against Paragonimus mexicanus, Fasciola hepatica, Schistosomiasis, Taenia solium, Strongyloides stercoralis, Mansonella spp., and Vampirolepis nana. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We have developed the first ELISA technique that detects anti-Amphimerus IgG in human sera with good sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. However, more specific antigens are needed to further enhance performance of this assay. Regardless, this ELISA test could be useful for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of human Amphimerus spp. infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Opisthorchidae/immunology , Trematode Infections/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Reproducibility of Results , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Area Under Curve
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(7): 849-855, 11/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728798

ABSTRACT

A review of national and international publications on paragonimiasis in Ecuador, epidemiological records from the Ministry of Public Health and unpublished research data was conducted to summarise the current status of the parasite/disease. The purpose of the review is to educate physicians, policy-makers and health providers on the status of the disease and to stimulate scientific investigators to conduct further research. Paragonimiasis was first diagnosed in Ecuador 94 years ago and it is endemic to both tropical and subtropical regions in 19 of 24 provinces in the Pacific Coast and Amazon regions. Paragonimus mexicanus is the only known species in the country, with the mollusc Aroapyrgus colombiensis and the crabs Moreirocarcinus emarginatus, Hypolobocera chilensis and Hypolobocera aequatorialis being the primary and secondary intermediate hosts, respectively. Recent studies found P. mexicanus metacercariae in Trichodactylus faxoni crabs of the northern Amazon. Chronic pulmonary paragonimiasis is commonly misdiagnosed and treated as tuberculosis and although studies have demonstrated the efficacy of praziquantel and triclabendazole for the treatment of human infections, neither drug is available in Ecuador. Official data recorded from 1978-2007 indicate an annual incidence of 85.5 cases throughout the 19 provinces, with an estimated 17.2% of the population at risk of infection. There are no current data on the incidence/prevalence of infection, nor is there a national control programme.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Metacercariae/isolation & purification , Paragonimiasis/epidemiology , Paragonimus/classification , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Astacoidea/parasitology , Brachyura/parasitology , Chronic Disease , Ecuador/epidemiology , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Paragonimiasis/diagnosis , Paragonimiasis/drug therapy
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(4): 512-515, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678280

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis present in a human population living in a northern Ecuadorian rain forest. All Giardia positive samples (based on an ELISA assay) were analysed using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that targets the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene; those amplified were subsequently genotyped using NlaIV and RsaI enzymes. The gdh gene was successfully amplified in 74 of 154 ELISA positive samples; 69 of the 74 samples were subsequently genotyped. Of these 69 samples, 42 (61%) were classified as assemblage B (26 as BIII and 16 as BIV), 22 (32%) as assemblage A (3 as AI and 19 as AII) and five (7%) as mixed AII and BIII types. In this study site we observe similar diversity in genotypes to other regions in Latin America, though in contrast to some previous studies, we found similar levels of diarrheal symptoms in those individuals infected with assemblage B compared with those infected with assemblage A.


Subject(s)
Humans , Giardia/genetics , Giardiasis/parasitology , Glutamate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Ecuador , Feces/parasitology , Genotype , Giardia/enzymology , Giardia/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Rural Population
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(7): 663-672, Nov. 2004. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-391592

ABSTRACT

Although leishmaniasis is regarded as a significant health problem in Ecuador by the Ministry of Health, and the incidence has increased over the last years, an official map on the geographic distribution of disease and sand fly vectors or a control strategy do not exist yet. This article reviews the current situation based on published information to improve our knowledge and understand the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Ecuador in order to help future research and to develop a national control strategy. The disease is endemic in most provinces throughout Pacific coastal region, Amazonian lowlands, and some inter-Andean valleys with a total 21,805 cases reported during 1990-2003. Whereas cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is found throughout Ecuador, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) appears to be restricted to the Amazon region; one, parasitologically unconfirmed case of visceral form was reported in 1949. Most human infections are caused by Leishmania (Viannia) spp., which is distributed in the subtropical and tropical lowlands; infections due to L. (Leishmania) spp. are found in the Andean highlands and in the Pacific lowlands as well. The proven vectors are Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lu. ayacuchensis. Canis familiaris, Sciurus vulgaris, Potos flavus, and Tamandua tetradactyla have been found infected with Leishmania spp. It is estimated that around 3000-4500 people may be infected every year, and that 3.1 to 4.5 millions people are estimated to be at risk of contracting leishmaniasis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Disease Reservoirs , Endemic Diseases , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis , Antiprotozoal Agents , Ecuador , Incidence , Leishmaniasis
11.
In. Gómez Landires, Eduardo A; Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa. Un breve comentario sobre el patrón cambiante de la leishmaniasis en el mundo. s.l, s.n, 2000. p.67-71, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-296972

ABSTRACT

Reportamos aquí los resultados de un ensayo preliminar desarrollado en un área endémica de leishmaniasis cutánea del Ecuador. Se comparó el valor diagnóstico de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) específica para el complejo Leishmania (V) brazilensis con el de 3 métodos rutinariamente recomendados: examen microscópico de frotis dérmico teñido, cultivo in vitro de tejidos del paciente y examen histopatológico. El resultado de este ensayo demostró que PCR fue consistentemente más sensible que los otros 3 métodos usados ordinariamente. Los resultados de PCR fueron obtenidos mucho más rápidos que los de cultivo e histopatología. La sensibilidad del examen de frotis, que es simple, barato y convencional, alcanza solamente 37.5 por ciento...


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
12.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);18(2): 122-8, jun. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-221295

ABSTRACT

Se analizaron muestras de sangre de 1.364 individuos de raza negra pura, habitantes de la ribera de los ríos Cayapas y Onzoles, norte de la provincia de Esmeraldas, para hemoglobinopatías mediante electrofóresis de hemoglobina sobre acetato de celulosa y agar citrato. El 75,7 por ciento (1.032) de la población estudiada presenta hemoglobina normal y 24,3 por ciento (332) tiene variantes de hemoglobina. La variante más frecuente fue Hb.AS con 84,9 por ciento (282), seguida de Hb.AF 9,6 por ciento (32), Hb.SS 2,7 por ciento (9), Hb.FS 2,4 por ciento (8) y Hb.FF 0,3 por ciento (1). La prevalencia más elevada se detectó en los grupos de edad jóvenes, 0-9 años (31,8 por ciento) y 10-19 años (25,8 por ciento). Los hombres presentaron mayor prevalencia que las mujeres en los dos ríos estudiados y existen áreas geográficas características con alta prevalencia en el río Cayapas, Trinidad (45,5 por ciento) y Santa María (37,9 por ciento), mientras que en el río Onzoles la prevalencia es más uniforme. Se discuten los hallazgos encontrados, principalmente, la prevalencia del genotipo Hb.SS (2,7 por ciento) y de un caso (0,3 por ciento) con características de hb.FF que merecen ser estudiados con más detalle


Subject(s)
Humans , Black People , Hemoglobinopathies/ethnology , Colombia/ethnology , Prevalence
13.
Educ. méd. contin ; (49): 18-20, dic. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178372

ABSTRACT

Para determinar la situación real de la paragonimiasis en la provincia de Cotopaxi, se realizó una revisión estadistica retrospectiva a partir del año 1976 hasta 1993. en paralelo, un estudio prospectivo de búsqueda de casos fue realizado durante los años 1992 y 1993 en los cantones de la Maná, Pangua y Sigchos, zonas subtropicales que representan el 20 por ciento del área territorial de la provincia. En total, se identificaron 287 casos, esta parasitosis se presentó desde 500 a 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar. Por lo tanto, la paragonimiasis es endemica en dichos cantones, con los mayores índices de prevalencia en las parroquias de quindigua, Pucayacu, Guasaganda y La Maná. Además, se demostró transmisión activa en la zona, por la presencia de cangrejos Zilchiopsis ecuadoriensis infestados con metacercarias de paragonimus mexicanus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ecuador , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Paragonimiasis
14.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);15(3): 137-43, sept. 1995. mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-221314

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, clínico y serológico del pian en la cuenca del río Santiago, cantón Eloy Alfaro, provincia de Esmeraldas, el cual demostró una prevalencia del 11,3 por ciento con lesiones dérmicas activas y una seropositividad del 94,9 por ciento. El área del río Santiago era hiperendémica para el pian (prevalencia 17,9 por ciento seropositividad 98,0 por ciento), mientras que el río Zapatillo era mesoendémico y los ríos Cayapas y Onzole, hipoendémicos. Se encontró evidencia del pian, activa y latente, solamente en la raza negra. La mayor incidencia de las lesiones clínicas (55,8 por ciento) se encontró en los niños de 5-12 años de edad, localizándose el porcentaje superior en las piernas (64,2 por ciento). Los papilomas fueron las lesiones más frecuentes (55,4 por ciento). Se administró tratamiento masivo con penicilina benzatínica, según las normas de OMS, en todas las comunidades positivas para esta enfermedad


Subject(s)
Humans , Yaws/epidemiology , Ecuador , Treponemal Infections/epidemiology
15.
Parasitol. día ; 17(1/2): 44-6, ene.-jun. 1993.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-130716

ABSTRACT

Dentro del estudio clínico-terapéutico para determinar la posología efectiva de triclabendazole contra Paragonimus recibieron tratamiento con esta droga tres pacientes ecuatorianos con paragonimiasis pulmonar que fracasaron al tratamiento con emetina más cloroquina, bithienol y praziquantel individualmente. En todos los síntomas de tos, expectoración herrumbrosa y la presencia de huevos de Paragonimus mexicanus en esputo estaban presentes antes del tratamiento. Dos pacientes recibieron tricabendazole a 10mg/kg en dosis única, y el tercero a 5mg/kg una vez al día por tres días . El seguimiento hasta el año 1 postratamiento demostró la desaparición de la sintomatología y cura parasitológica. Los pacientes no presentaron efectos secundarios al fármaco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage , Bithionol/therapeutic use , Emetine/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Paragonimiasis/drug therapy , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Ecuador
16.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam;25(2): 113-7, jun. 1991. mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-105843

ABSTRACT

Se determina el índice de deficiencia de la enzima G6PD, en los eritrocitos de individuos masculinos de raza negra, que habitan en áreas geográficas distintas del Ecuador. En La Costa, se escogieron dos grupos de poblaciones negras, de la provincia de Esmeraldas; el primero, comprende habitantes negros de raza pura de la cuenca del Santiago, el segundo mulatos de la ciudad de Esmeraldas. En la Sierra, se estudiaron habitantes negros de la provincia de Imbabura, particularmente del Valle del Chota. Se examinaron un total de 1054 muestra de sangre: 750 en la provincia de Esmeraldas y 304 en Imbabura; 135(12.8%) individuos presentaron deficiencia de G6PD; 67(14.2%) pertenecen a la cuenca del Santiago; 50(18.1%) son de la ciudad de Esmeraldas y 18(5.9%) del Valle del Chota. Se consideran ciertos factores, que pueden influir en los diferentes índices de deficiencia, detectados en las zonas estudiadas y la probable protección que brinda la deficiencia de G6PD, hacia las infecciones maláricas por p. falciparum


Subject(s)
Black People , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/epidemiology , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Ecuador , Glucose Dehydrogenases/analysis , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/diagnosis , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics , Malaria/drug therapy , Malaria/physiopathology , Malaria/prevention & control , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Primaquine/adverse effects , Primaquine/therapeutic use
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