ABSTRACT
Introducción: La escisión completa del mesocolon con linfadenectomía D3 (CME-D3) mejora los resultados de los pacientes operados por cáncer del colon. Reconocer adecuadamente la anatomía vascular es fundamental para evitar complicaciones. Objetivo: El objetivo primario fue determinar la prevalencia de las variaciones anatómicas de la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS) y sus ramas en relación a la vena mesentérica superior (VMS). El objetivo secundario fue evaluar la asociación entre las distintas variantes anatómicas y el sexo y la etnia de lo pacientes. Diseño: Estudio de corte transversal. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 225 pacientes con cáncer del colon derecho diagnosticados entre enero 2017 y diciembre de 2020. Dos radiólogos independientes describieron la anatomía vascular observada en las tomografías computadas. Según la relación de las ramas de la AMS con la VMS, la población fue dividida en 2 grupos y subdividida en 6 (1a-c, 2a-c). Resultados: La arteria ileocólica fue constante, transcurriendo en el 58,7% de los casos por la cara posterior de la VMS. La arteria cólica derecha, presente en el 39,6% de los pacientes, cruzó la VMS por su cara anterior en el 95,5% de los casos. La variante de subgrupo más frecuente fue la 2a seguida por la 1a (36,4 y 24%, respectivamente). No se encontró asociación entre las variantes anatómicas y el sexo u origen étnico. Conclusión: Las variaciones anatómicas de la AMS y sus ramas son frecuentes y no presentan un patrón predominante. No hubo asociación entre las mismas y el sexo u origen étnico en nuestra cohorte. El reconocimiento preoperatorio de estas variantes mediante angiotomografía resulta útil para evitar lesiones vasculares durante la CME-D3. (AU)
Background: Complete mesocolic excision with D3 lymphadenectomy (CME-D3) improves the outcomes of patients operated on for colon cancer. Proper recognition of vascular anatomy is essential to avoid complications. Aim: Primary outcome was to determine the prevalence of anatomical variations of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its branches in relation to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Secondary outcome was to evaluate the association between these anatomical variations and sex and ethnicity of the patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Material and methods: Two hundred twenty-fivepatients with right colon cancer diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 were included. Two independent radiologists described the vascular anatomy of computed tomography scans. The population was divided into 2 groups and subdivided into 6 groups (1a-c, 2a-c), according to the relationship of the SMA and its branches with the SMV. Results: The ileocolic artery was constant, crossing the SMV posteriorly in 58.7% of the cases. The right colic artery, present in 39.6% of the patients, crossed the SMV on its anterior aspect in 95.5% of the cases. The most frequent subgroup variant was 2a followed by 1a (36.4 and 24%, respectively). No association was found between anatomical variants and gender or ethnic origin. Conclusions: The anatomical variations of the SMA and its branches are common, with no predominant pattern. There was no association between anatomical variations and gender or ethnic origin in our cohort. Preoperative evaluation of these variations by computed tomography angi-ography is useful to avoid vascular injuries during CME-D3. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Colon, Ascending/anatomy & histology , Colon, Ascending/blood supply , Lymph Node Excision , Mesocolon/surgery , Argentina , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mesenteric Artery, Superior/anatomy & histology , Sex Distribution , Colectomy/methods , Ethnic Distribution , Anatomic Variation , Mesenteric Veins/anatomy & histologySubject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Surgical Equipment/history , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/history , Robotic Surgical Procedures/trends , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/history , Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery/history , Colorectal Surgery/history , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/instrumentation , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery/methodsSubject(s)
Humans , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Reoperation/methods , Adenoma/surgery , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Colorectal Surgery/methods , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm StagingSubject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Proctoscopy/adverse effects , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Pain, Postoperative , Postoperative Complications/classification , Urination Disorders/etiology , Incidence , Morbidity , Blood Loss, Surgical , Proctoscopy/methods , Rectovaginal Fistula/etiology , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Constriction, Pathologic/etiologySubject(s)
Humans , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/adverse effects , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/adverse effects , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection/methods , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Carcinoma/surgery , Adenoma/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm StagingSubject(s)
Humans , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery/methods , Proctectomy/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/classification , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/trends , Treatment Outcome , Margins of ExcisionSubject(s)
Humans , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Proctectomy/instrumentation , Proctectomy/methods , Preoperative Care , Treatment Outcome , Patient Positioning , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/instrumentation , Operative Time , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/instrumentationSubject(s)
Humans , Anal Canal/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/adverse effects , Proctectomy/adverse effects , Anal Canal/anatomy & histology , Postoperative Complications , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Dissection/methods , Embolism, Air/etiology , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Proctectomy/methods , Intraoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Las enfermedades crónicas son la causa más importante de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Estas condiciones requieren considerable inversión de tiempo y recursos por parte del sistema de salud en el Perú, así como de los pacientes y sus familiares. Paradójicamente, las estrategias médicas desarrolladas para el manejo de estas condiciones generan una carga constante y creciente para el paciente y su entorno, que repercute en la calidad de vida del paciente y en los resultados terapéuticos. En este artículo describimos el rol de la toma de decisiones compartidas y de la medicina mínimamente impertinente como estrategias para abordar estos problemas.
Chronic diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions require considerable time investment and resources from the health system in Peru, as well as from patients and their families. Paradoxically, the developed medical strategies for managing these conditions generate a constant and increasing burden for the patient and their environment, which affects quality of life and therapeutic results. In this article, the role of shared decision making and minimal disruptive medicine will be described as strategies to address these problems.