ABSTRACT
The Theraphosidae family includes the largest number of species of the Mygalomorphae infraorder, with hundreds of species currently catalogued. However, there is a huge lack on physiologic and even ecologic information available, especially in Brazil, which is the most biodiverse country in the world. Over the years, spiders have been presented as a source of multiple biologically active compounds with basic roles, such as primary defense against pathogenic microorganisms or modulation of metabolic pathways and as specialized hunters. Spider venoms also evolved in order to enable the capture of prey by interaction with a diversity of molecular targets of interest, raising their pharmaceutical potential for the development of new drugs. Among the activities found in compounds isolated from venoms and hemocytes of Brazilian Theraphosidae there are antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumoral, as well as properties related to proteinase action and neuromuscular blockage modulated by ionic voltage-gated channel interaction. These characteristics are present in different species from multiple genera, which is strong evidence of the important role in spider survival. The present review aims to compile the main results of studies from the last decades on Brazilian Theraphosidae with special focus on results obtained with the crude venom or compounds isolated from both venom and hemocytes, and their physiological and chemical characterization.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Peptide Hydrolases , Spider Venoms , Spiders , Hemocytes , Antiparasitic Agents , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Abstract The Theraphosidae family includes the largest number of species of the Mygalomorphae infraorder, with hundreds of species currently catalogued. However, there is a huge lack on physiologic and even ecologic information available, especially in Brazil, which is the most biodiverse country in the world. Over the years, spiders have been presented as a source of multiple biologically active compounds with basic roles, such as primary defense against pathogenic microorganisms or modulation of metabolic pathways and as specialized hunters. Spider venoms also evolved in order to enable the capture of prey by interaction with a diversity of molecular targets of interest, raising their pharmaceutical potential for the development of new drugs. Among the activities found in compounds isolated from venoms and hemocytes of Brazilian Theraphosidae there are antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumoral, as well as properties related to proteinase action and neuromuscular blockage modulated by ionic voltage-gated channel interaction. These characteristics are present in different species from multiple genera, which is strong evidence of the important role in spider survival. The present review aims to compile the main results of studies from the last decades on Brazilian Theraphosidae with special focus on results obtained with the crude venom or compounds isolated from both venom and hemocytes, and their physiological and chemical characterization.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los agentes de salud comunitaria en terreno practican acciones de fuerte impronta territorial, tanto en relación con prevención y asistencia, como a partir de un acercamiento de los servicios de salud a las familias. Estas prácticas en terreno, construyen un permanente mapeo colectivo basado en el conocimiento que los agentes poseen del territorio de actuación. A partir de un intenso trabajo de campo iniciado en el año 2012, en conjunto con organizaciones sociales locales e instituciones de salud de Brasil y Argentina, se inició el proyecto binacional App+Salud, que tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo y georreferencia para la gestión de la salud comunitaria, en formato de aplicación, para celular o tablet y acceso web, que considere la condiciones básicas, de ambiente y movilidad histórica de los usuarios, y que vincule metodologías de actualización cartográfica a partir de cartografía social con plataformas de mapeos colaborativos libres. Como resultado, se ha obtenido el desarrollo del sistema App+Salud, en nivel beta, para lo cual se profundizó en un trabajo de intercambio de saberes interdisciplinares.
ABSTRACT Community health agents carry out significant actions on the ground to provide prevention and care and bring health services to families. These practices in the field constitute a constant collective mapping process using the knowledge of the territory that the agents possess. Based on intensive fieldwork starting in 2012 in conjunction with local social organizations and health institutions in Brazil and Argentina, the binational project App+Health (App+Salud in Spanish and App+Saúde in Portugués) was initiated. The project's objective was to develop a monitoring and georeferencing system for community health management in the form of an application for cell phones or tablets with internet access, which would take into account the basic conditions of the environment and movement history of users and connect map updating methodologies using social cartography with free collaborative mapping platforms. As a result, the beta version of App+Health was developed, through a heightened process of exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Community Health Services/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Geographic Mapping , Mobile Applications , Argentina , Brazil , Geographic Information SystemsABSTRACT
Introducción. El análisis de las situaciones de salud, en el acto del cuidado de la enfermería, requiere de conocimientos, pues es el marco conceptual y la guía de esta labor. Aunque el cuidado integral de la salud, según Watson, depende del compromiso moral del enfermero de preservar la dignidad humana; son frecuentes los informes que muestran una mala percepción de la prestación de servicios de salud. En los informes, se indica que el 36% de los encuestados tienen una mala o muy mala percepción de la calidad de la atención médica. El objetivo es reflexionar sobre las circunstancias que influyen en la calidad de la atención médica percibida por los colombianos. Temas de reflexión. Se abordará el tema desde los patrones de conocimiento de la enfermería: el empírico, el estético, el ético, el sociocultural y el personal. Discusión. Las condiciones que influyen en la percepción de la calidad de la atención médica se agrupan en dos conceptos del metaparadigma de la enfermería. El primero es el entorno, en el que existen barreras de oferta y demanda, como la tecnificación, la infraestructura y los recursos del sistema de salud. El segundo es el cuidado, en el que la condición laboral tiene incidencia, ya que los profesionales de enfermería sienten culpabilidad, agotamiento y estrés, y comprometen la buena percepción del cuidado médico y el sentido de trascendencia profesional. Conclusiones. El acto del cuidado de la enfermería está rodeado de situaciones poco favorables, dadas las barreras en el sistema de salud colombiano, que comprometen la labor del enfermero. Por lo tanto, es necesario reflexionar y desarrollar conceptos relacionados con los patrones de conocimiento de la disciplina, que inciden en la formación de los nuevos profesionales. Esto, con el fin de cumplir a cabalidad el deber ser y el hacer de la enfermería en Colombia. [Duque-Castro JA, Ortiz-Urbano J, Rengifo-Arias DM. Entorno y cuidado: circunstancias que influyen en la calidad de la atención percibida por los colombianos. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):60-68. doi:10.29375/01237047.2799].
Introduction. The analysis of health situations, in terms of nursing care, requires knowledge, since it is the conceptual framework and guide for this work. Although comprehensive healthcare, according to Watson, depends on the nurse's moral commitment to preserve human dignity, there are frequent reports that show a poor perception of the provision of healthcare services. The reports indicate that 36% of those surveyed had a poor or very poor perception of the quality of healthcare. The objective is to reflect on the circumstances that influence the quality of healthcare perceived by the people in Colombia. Topics of reflection. The topic will be addressed through the patterns of knowledge of nursing: empirical, aesthetic, ethical, sociocultural and personal. Discussion. The conditions that influence the perception of healthcare quality are grouped into two nursing metaparadigm concepts. The first is the environment, in which there are supply and demand barriers, such as technification, infrastructure and resources of the healthcare system. The second is the care, on which the employment status has an influence, since nursing professionals feel guilt, exhaustion and stress, and compromise the good perception of healthcare and the sense of professional importance. Conclusions. The act of caring in nursing is surrounded by unfavorable situations, given the barriers in the Colombian healthcare system that compromise the work of nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect and develop concepts related to the patterns of knowledge of this discipline, which have an effect on the training of new professionals. This is in order to fully comply with the duty and practice of nursing in Colombia. [Duque-Castro JA, Ortiz-Urbano J, Rengifo-Arias DM. Environment and care: circumstances that influence the quality of medical care perceived by the people in Colombia. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):60-68. doi:10.29375/01237047.2799].
Introdução. A análise das situações de saúde, no ato do cuidado da enfermagem, requer conhecimento, pois é o referencial conceitual e o guia desta atividade. Embora os cuidados integrais de saúde, segundo Watson, dependem do compromisso moral do enfermeiro para preservar a dignidade humana; há relatos frequentes que mostram uma má percepção da prestação de serviços de saúde. Nos relatórios, indica-se que 36% dos entrevistados têm uma percepção ruim ou muito ruim da qualidade do atendimento médico. O objetivo é refletir sobre as circunstâncias que influenciam a qualidade da atenção médica percebida pelos colombianos. Temas para reflexão. O tema será abordado a partir dos padrões de conhecimento da enfermagem: o empírico, o estético, o ético, o sociocultural e o pessoal. Discussão. As condições que influenciam a percepção da qualidade da atenção médica são agrupadas em dois conceitos do metaparadigma da enfermagem. O primeiro é o ambiente, no qual existem barreiras de oferta e demanda, como a tecnificação, a infraestrutura e os recursos do sistema de saúde. O segundo é o cuidado, no qual a condição de trabalho tem impacto, uma vez que os profissionais de enfermagem sentem-se culpados, exaustos e estressados, comprometendo a boa percepção do cuidado médico e o sentido de transcendência profissional. Conclusões. O ato do cuidado de enfermagem está cercado de situações desfavoráveis, dadas as barreiras no sistema de saúde colombiano, que comprometem o trabalho do enfermeiro. Portanto, é necessário refletir e desenvolver conceitos relacionados aos padrões de conhecimento da disciplina, que afetam a formação dos novos profissionais. Isso, a fim de cumprir integralmente o dever de ser e exercer a enfermagem na Colômbia. [Duque-Castro JA, Ortiz-Urbano J, Rengifo-Arias DM. Ambiente e cuidado: circunstâncias que influenciam a qualidade da atenção médica percebida pelos colombianos. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):60-68. doi:10.29375/01237047.2799].
Subject(s)
Nursing Care , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Working Conditions , Humanization of AssistanceABSTRACT
La enfermedad arterial coronaria es una de las primeras causas de morbi-mortalidad a nivel mundial por lo que se convierte en un problema de salud pública. Esta es producida por diferentes factores de riesgos modificables y no modificables los cuales desencadenan en el individuo la aparición de la enfermedad, siendo el trabajador de la salud un individuo cuya actividad laboral, exposición laboral y estrés laboral es especial y que determinan su estado de salud, pudiendo desencadenar condiciones para afectar su área cardiovascular, se decide evaluar el riesgo de enfermedad arterial coronaria a corto plazo en una muestra de 99 profesionales que laboraban en la dirección municipal de salud del Municipio Bolívar estado Aragua - Venezuela, a los cuales se les realizó perfil lipídico (colesterol total, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol, VLDL colesterol y triglicéridos, colesterol no HDL), glicemia y proteína C reactiva ultrasensible. La prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular encontrados en estos individuos se categorizó según la escala de Framingham en: bajo riesgo (< 1 -9%) resultó el 98,55% de las mujeres y 96,67% de los hombres, el riesgo moderado (10-19%) estuvo representado por 1,45% en mujeres y 3,33% en hombres de los trabajadores. Así mismo, el perfil lipídico, el IMC, los hábitos tabáquicos y alcohólicos fueron las variables más resaltantes de este estudio, siendo todos modificables con cambios de estilo de vida en estos trabajadores.
Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide so it becomes a public health issue. This is caused by different factors modifiable risk and nonmodifiable which trigger the individual´s disease occurrence, being the health worker an individual whose employment, occupational exposure and occupational stress is special and that determine their health and can trigger cardiovascular conditions affect his area, we decided to assess the short-term risk of coronary artery disease in a sample of 99 professionals who worked in the municipal health directorate of the Bolívar Municipality , Aragua -Venezuela, to which underwent lipid profile ( total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c and triglyceride, non HDL-c), glucose and ultrasensitive reactive c-protein. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors found in these individuals was categorized according to the Framingham scale: low risk (<1-9%) represented by 98.55% women and 96.67% in men, the risk moderate (10-19%) was represented by 1.45% in women and 3.33% in men workers. Likewise, lipid profile, BMI, smoking habits and alcoholics were more salient variables of this study, all of modifiable lifestyles changes in these workers.