Preparation and in vitro evaluation of prostate cancer exosomes containing melittin / 中国药理学通报

Aim To prepare prostate cancer exosomes containing melittin and observe their uptake by prostate cancer cells. Methods Cells treated with starvation for different time were screened for exosome extraction. Exosomes from PC-3 cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation, and the extracted particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analyzer(NTA), and Western blot. Melittin exosome system was prepared by repeated freeze-thaw method, incubation at room temperature as well as electroporation, and the size of encapsulation efficiency was measured by centrifugation. A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was applied to assay the content of melittin exosomes(exo-mel). Fluorescence inverted microscopy was employed to evaluate the uptake of melittin exosomes by PC-3 cells, DU145 cells as well as LNCaP cells. Results The results of starvation treatment showed that 24 h starvation treatment was the optimal time point. TEM results showed that the exosomes were round or oval in shape with a distinct membranous structure, and the diameter was around 100 nm. The reagent protein concentration for NTA analysis of exosomes was 0.222 g·L-1. The results of Western blot for the marker proteins of exosomes showed that Alix and CD63 were positively expressed, which indicated that the exosomes could be obtained by starvation culture of PC-3 cells and ultracentrifugation. The results of entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment efficiency of electroporation method was 17.51% ± 2.39%, that of repeated freeze-thaw method was 11.46% ± 1.02%, and that of room temperature incubation method was 3.93% ± 2.44%. The encapsulation efficiency of electroporation was the highest with significant difference(P<0.05). The uptake assay showed that PC-3 cells could efficiently take up exo-mel in a time-dependent manner, and DU145 cells and LNCaP cells also could take up exo-mel over time. Conclusions Exosomes can be accessed by starvation treatment and high-speed centrifugation, and the prostate cancer melittin exosome system prepared by electroporation method could be taken up by prostate cancer cells.

Staging Based Strategies and Practice for Prostate Cancer / 中国中西医结合杂志

Authors raised that staging based strategies and practice of integrative medicine (IM) by combining syndrome typing and disease identification, and choosing suitable measures in accordance with different persons and seasonal conditions after more than ten years' clinical practice and researches. Radical operation as prior (as evil eliminating) and strengthening vital qi in perioerative period are best strategy for promoting rapid rehabilitation of early stage prostate cancer patients. Strengthening body resistance to eliminate evil was used in treating advanced prostate cancer patients. For example, a comprehensive treatment program for hormone-dependent patients was combined with endocrinotherapy and Chinese herbs for synergisic efficacy-enhancing actions. In this way, these patients' quality of life (QOL) were improved and time to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was delayed, even some patients were clinically cured. There are lack of effective medicines and methods for CRPC patients. Greatly tonifying original qi is mainly used for improving their clinical symptoms and prolonging survivals. Practice has proved staging based strategies and practice of IM has favorable advantages in treating prostate cancer, especially showing prospect in prolonging survival and postponing progression of advanced prostate cancer patients. Besides, it also could provide beneficial considerations and inspiration for combination of syndrome typing and disease identification.

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for incidental prostate cancer after TURP / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the management of incidental prostate cancer after TURP by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between April 2005 and December 2011, we treated 4 cases of incidental prostate cancer with p504s (+) by LRP, 1 at 3 mon, while the other 3 at 1.5 mon after TURP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operations were successfully performed in all the 4 cases, all by extraperitoneal approach. Postoperative pathology showed prostate cancer in 2 of the cases with Gleason scores of 6-7, high-level epithelial neoplasia in 1, and no malignancy in the other. Postoperative observation and 1-79 mon follow-up visit revealed good urinary function but no obvious urinary incontinence, metastasis and erectile dysfunction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With practiced laparoscopic skills, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy may achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of incidental prostate cancer after TURP.</p>

Effects of perioperative treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on postoperative parameters of TURP / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical effects of perioperative treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on postoperative parameters of TURP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jun. 2002 to Oct. 2006, 238 cases of TURP were performed in our hospital, of whom, 179 (Group A) were treated by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and the other 59 (Group B) by Western medicine. The postoperative parameters of the 2 groups were recorded and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative catheter indwelling, hospital stay, Q(max) 4 w after TURP and incidence of bacteriuria (> 5 d) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), while the incidence rates of overactive bladder and urgent urinary incontinence, hematuria time, dysuria time, IPSS score and QOL score 4 w after TURP were statistically different between the 2 groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For TURP patients, perioperative treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can reduce postoperative complications, increase the success rate of surgery and improve QOL score.</p>