A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan on the function of a multimodal perioperative management protocol in colorectal cancer surgery

Background: For colorectal surgery, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) group has conducted a thorough analysis of perioperative treatment. When combined, a series of operations known as colorectal resection result in a shorter duration of stay, fewer problems, and an early recovery of gut function. Until recently, it was considered typical to stay in the hospital for 10 to 14 days after a big bowel resection. This study aimed to study the effects of a multimodal perioperative care protocol in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in a tertiary care hospital in eastern Rajasthan, India. Methods: This was prospective randomized-controlled trial. Patients who are undergoing elective colorectal cancer surgery in tertiary care hospital (Sawai Man Singh hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan) in year 2016 -17. Results: Hospital stays were 6.64�842 (median 6-9) and 8.25�52 (median 6-12) days (p=0.002) for 30 patients (n=14 in the multimodal group and 16 in the control group), respectively. Complication rates were 13.40% and 20.31% (p=0.019), 30-day readmission rates were 14.28% and 25% (p=0.029), and mortality rates were 7.14% and 12.5% in the multimodal and control groups. Conclusions: Complications, readmission rates, and death were all considerably lower in the multimodal group compared to the control group following the implementation of the multimodal perioperative treatment protocol during the hospital stay for colorectal cancer.

Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Chickpea in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important pulse legumes in many parts of the world. India is largest producer of chickpea in the world, sharing 65 and 70 % of the total global area and production, respectively. Different weed control practices use of herbicides were followed for better management. Application of herbicide at critical growth stages followed by one or two hand weeding at proper time or manipulation of row spacing for improving the weed suppressing effect of crops gives marginal improvement in crop yield. A field experiment titled “Effects of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Chickpea in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in a safer range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium, and high in available phosphorus. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising ten weed management treatments viz. (T1) One hand weeding at 20 DAS, (T2) Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, (T3) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE), (T4) Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS, (T5) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS, (T6) Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS + One hand weeding at 40 DAS, (T7) Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3 EC @ 60 g ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS + One hand weeding at 40 DAS, (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS, (T9) Weed free and (T10) Weedy Check. The recommended dose of fertilizer (30:60:30 kg ha-1) was applied through Urea, SSP, and MOP at the time of sowing. PBG-7 variety of chickpea was used for sowing. Weed management practices were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Application of (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS registered higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Thus, study suggest that chickpea can successfully grown under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh on (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS.

Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Mungbean under Mid-Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Weed management in mungbean is one of the most efficient ways to improve its growth, as uncontrolled weed growth causes a significant decrease in crop growth. Effects of various herbicides applied at different rates as pre-emergence or as post-emergence were studied on growth characterstics in mungbean. It is usually infested and its growth parameter is adversely affected by a number of weed species that compete with the crop from germination to harvest, affecting the crop growth adversely. A field experiment titled “Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Mungbean under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, District Solan. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in a safer range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium, and high in available phosphorus. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising ten weed management treatments viz. (T1) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE, (T2) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS, (T3) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Imezathapyr 10% SL @ 70 g ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T4) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Oxyfluoren @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 PoE at 25 DAS, (T5) Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Quizolofop ethyl @ 50 g ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T6) Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 70 g a.i. ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T7) One-hand weeding at 25 DAS, (T8) Two-hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAS, (T9) Weedy check and (T10) Weed free. The recommended dose of fertilizer (20:40:20 kg ha-1) was applied through Urea, SSP, and MOP at the time of sowing. Pusa Baishaki variety of mungbean was used for sowing. Weed management practices were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Data on growth characters revealed that application of (T2) Pendimethalin 30EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS registered higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and trifoliate leaves which was statistically at par with (T3), (T4) and (T5). Thus, study suggest that mungbean can successfully grown under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh on (T2) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS.

Factors Influencing the Knowledge Level of Farmers about Solar Pumps in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan, India

The research investigation was carried out in Rajasthan's Jodhpur district. In the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, there are a total of seven tehsils. Osian and Balesar were chosen as the two tehsils with the most solar pumps installed. On the basis of who would benefit from solar pumps the most, ten villages from each chosen tehsil were selected. Twenty villages were chosen because they had the most solar pumps, and one hundred twenty-five (125) respondents were chosen from them. Age, caste, education level, size of land holding, family type, social participation, annual family income, occupation, extension contact, and mass utilization were identified as the significant variables that may have influenced the level of knowledge of farmers about solar pumps in the research that examined the social economic status of the respondents. This study revealed that although farmers' awareness of solar pumps was positively and strongly correlated with age, educational attainment, social engagement, occupation, extension contact, and media use. Family type, annual income, and size of land holding show positive and significant relationships with farmers' solar pumps knowledge levels, while caste indicates a negative and non-significant association.

Effect of Sowing Methods and Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Economics of Oats (Avena sativa L.) under Mid-Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

In Himachal Pradesh, farmers typically possess small land holdings where machinery isn't practical for various sowing techniques, limiting them to broadcasting. Regarding nitrogen, it facilitates more vegetative growth by enhancing the photosynthetic rate. The higher the nitrogen content, the greater the vegetative growth potential. Therefore, present investigation titled “Effect of Sowing Methods and Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield and Economics of Oats (Avena sativa L.) under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, India” was conducted during rabi season of 2022-23 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design comprising twelve treatments with three replications. The experiment consists of three sowing methods in main plot i.e., (S1) Broadcasting, (S2) Line sowing and (S3) Crisscross and four levels of nitrogen N0 (0 kg ha-1), N1 (75 kg ha-1), N2 (100 kg ha-1) and N3 (125 kg ha-1) as sub plot. OL 12 variety of oats was used for sowing. Sowing methods and nitrogen levels were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Results indicated that among the sowing methods, (S3) crisscross, recorded significantly higher growth and yield, over line sowing and broadcasting which was on par with (S2) line sowing over the rest of the treatments except for grain, straw and biological yield. In case of nitrogen levels, (N3) application of 125 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth and yield of oats, over rest of the nitrogen levels and was on par with 100 kg N ha-1. Economically, (S3) crisscross sowing with application of (N3) 125 kg N ha-1 resulted in higher gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio under Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh.

Comparison of the effect of recumbent body positions on dynamic lung function parameters in healthy adults

Background: Pulmonary function parameters can be altered with the change in body position. Therefore, physiological basis behind such consequent influence is essential to be understood. Pulmonary function tests are generally conducted in the erect sitting posture as it is more feasible and comfortable. However, bedridden patients are unable to do so and only few studies are found on recumbent postures. Thus, to comfort such patients in breathing, need arises to meet this requisite investigation to conclude the best recumbent body posture. Aim and Objectives: To compare and assess forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow of during 25�% expiration (FEF25�%, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) in the Supine, Crook-lying and Fowler抯 position. Materials and Methods: The present research was carried out on 128 healthy adults to measure FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF25�% and PEF using a computer-based spirometer in the Supine, Crook-lying and Fowler抯 position. One-way Analysis of Variance with Tukey HSD post-hoc test was utilized between each body postures by evaluation of their mean values. Results: This study consisted of 128 subjects (males 57, females 71) with mean age of 21.62 � 1.75 years, mean weight 59.71 � 9.97 kg, mean height 164.68 � 9.30 cm and Body mass index 21.91 � 2.38 kg/m2. Fowler抯 posture showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher value in all spirometric parameters as compared to other two postures. Outcome of the study showed all spirometric parameters value- greater in the Fowler抯 posture than that of Supine or Crook-lying posture. Conclusion: The implication of this research is that it will meet the need of selection of the most suitable substitute posture for better pulmonary functioning in bedridden people.

Emerging influenza virus: a global threat.

Since 1918, in?uenza virus has been one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among young children. Though the commonly circulating strain of the virus is not virulent enough to cause mortality, the ability of the virus genome to mutate at a very high rate may lead to the emergence of a highly virulent strain that may become the cause of the next pandemic. Apart from the influenza virus strain circulating in humans (H1N1 and H3N2), the avian influenza H5N1 H7 and H9 virus strains have also been reported to have caused human infections, H5N1 H7 and H9 have shown their ability to cross the species barrier from birds to humans and further replicate in humans. This review addresses the biological and epidemiological aspects of influenza virus and efforts to have a control on the virus globally.

Extradural myxopapillary ependymoma with sacral osteolysis--a case report.

Extradural ependymomas arising from filum terminale externa in the sacrococcygeal region are very rare. Since 1937, out of 58 cases reported in English literature, only 13 cases of tumor located presacrally in the retrorectal space, have been reported. The authors report a 38 yrs old male with a primary ependymoma of the sacrococcygeal region causing extensive sacral destruction.