Effect of safflower yellow on learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 at different months based on TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of safflower yellow (SY) on learning and memory ability of APP/ PS1 mice at different disease stages, and to explore the mechanism of SY anti- Alzheimer's disease by using 3-,6- and 9-month-old APP/PS 1 transgenic mice as experimental animal models. Methods Behavioral experiments were conducted to observe the effects of SY on learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice of different months. ELISA was used to detect the effect of SY on the expression of inflammatory factors in cortex of mice of different months. Western blot was used to detect the microglia activation marker protein, and its mechanism of action was further analyzed. Results SY could enhance the learning and memory ability of mice aged 3, 6 and 9 months, reduce the content of IL-6 and increase the content of TGF-β1 in brain tissue, up-regulate the expression levels of arginase-1 (arg-1) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (tREM2) in brain tissue of mice of different months, and down-regulate the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Toll-like receptors 4 (tlr4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (nf-KB). Conclusions Compared with 3- and 9-month-old mice, SY is the most effective in improving learning memory in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. SY inhibits TLR4/NF-KB pathway activation by inducing TREM2 expression in brain tissue of APP/PS 1 transgenic mice, promotes microglia phenotype shift to anti-inflammatory phenotype, reduces chronic neuroinflammatory response, and improves learning memory in APP/PS1 mice at all months of age.

Effect of circDCUN1D4 on proliferation,apoptosis and immune escape of lung cancer cells by regulating the miR-18a-5p/FBP1 axis / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the influences of circular RNA(circRNA)DCUN1D4 on the proliferation,apoptosis and immune escape of lung cancer cells by regulating the microRNA(miR)-18a-5p/fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1(FBP1)axis.Methods The human lung cancer cell lines H1975,H1650,A549 and SPCA-1 and human normal lung epidermal cells HPL-1 were selected,qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circDCUN1D4,miR-18a-5p and FBP1 mRNA in various cells.A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were selected and divided into the blank group,circDCUN1D4 overexpression plasmid(circDCUN1D4)group,overexpression plasmid negative control(NC)group,circDCUN1D4+miR-18a-5p mimics negative control(circDCUN1D4+mimics NC)group,and circDCUN1D4+miR-18a-5p mimics group.The cell viability of each group was detected by CCK-8 method,the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the expression levels of circDCUN1D4,miR-18a-5p and FBP1 mRNA of cells in each group were detected by qRT-PCR,the expression levels of FBP1,caspase-3,Ki67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)were detected by Western blot,the targeting relationships of miR-18a-5p with circDCUN1D4 and FBP1 were verified by dual luciferase assay.Results Compared with HPL-1 cells,the mRNA expressions of circDCUN1D4 and FBP1 were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of miR-18a-5p was significantly increased(P<0.05).miR-18a-5p had targeting relationships with circDCUN1D4 and FBP1,respectively.Compared with the blank group and NC group,the OD values at 24 hours and 48 hours,and the expressions of Ki67,PCNA,miR-18a-5p and PD-L1 of cells in the circDCUN1D4 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate,and the expressions of circDCUN1D4,FBP1 and caspase-3 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Overexpression of miR-18a-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of circDCUN1D4 on the malignant behavior of lung cancer cells(P<0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of circDCUN1D4 can promote lung cancer cell apoptosis,inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation and immune escape,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-18a-5p/FBP1 axis.

Recent research on neurodevelopmental disorders in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children are a group of chronic developmental brain disorders caused by multiple genetic or acquired causes, including disorders of intellectual development, developmental speech or language disorders, autism spectrum disorders, developmental learning disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. With the improvement in the research level and the diagnosis and treatment techniques of NDDs, great progress has been made in the research on NDDs in children. This article reviews the research advances in NDDs, in order to further improve the breadth and depth of the understanding of NDDs in children among pediatricians.

Effects of RNA M6A demethylase ALKBH5 gene deficiency on morphology and function of cerebellum in aged mice / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 gene deficiency on cerebellar morphology and function in the aged mice, and to explore the role of ALKBH5 in cerebellar degeneration. Methods: Western blot was performed to detect the protein level of ALKBH5 in the cerebellum of wild-type mice of various ages. The expression of NeuN, Calbindin-D28K, MAP2, GFAP and other proteins in the cerebella of middle-aged (12-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) wild-type mice and ALKBH5-/- mice was examined using immunohistochemistry. The balance beam test and gait analysis were performed to test the balance ability and motor coordination of the mice. Results: With aging of the mice, the expression of ALKBH5 in the cerebellum increased gradually in an age-dependent manner. In the aged mice, but not middle-aged mice, the body weight, whole brain weight and cerebellum weight of ALKBH5-/- mice decreased by 15%, 10% and 21%, respectively (P<0.05). The expression of ALKBH5 in the Purkinje cells was much higher than that in other types of neural cells. Correspondingly, ALKBH5-deficiency caused 40% reduction in the number of Purkinje cells, as well as the length and density of neuronal dendrites in the aged mice (P<0.01). In addition, the time for the aged ALKBH5-/- mice to pass the balance beam was 70% longer than that of the wild type mice of the same age, with unstable gaits (P<0.01). Conclusions: Gene deficiency of RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 causes cerebellar atrophy, Purkinje neuron loss and damage in the aged mice. These changes eventually affect mice's motor coordination and balance ability. These results suggest that imbalanced RNA m6A methylation may lead to neurodegenerative lesions in the cerebellum of mice.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Five Indoles or Indazole Amide Synthetic Cannabinoids in Suspected E-Cigarette Oil by GC-MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish the GC-MS qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for the synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in suspicious electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) oil samples.@*METHODS@#The e-cigarette oil samples were analyzed by GC-MS after diluted with methanol. Synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in e-cigarette oil samples were qualitatively analyzed by the characteristic fragment ions and retention time. The synthetic cannabinoids were quantitatively analyzed by using the selective ion monitoring mode.@*RESULTS@#The linear range of each compound in GC-MS quantitative method was 0.025-1 mg/mL, the matrix recovery rate was 94%-103%, the intra-day precision relative standard deviations (RSD) was less than 2.5%, and inter-day precision RSD was less than 4.0%. Five indoles or indazole amide synthetic cannabinoids were detected in 25 e-cigarette samples. The main matrixes of e-cigarette samples were propylene glycol and glycerol. Additives such as N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23), glycerol triacetate and nicotine were detected in some samples. The content range of synthetic cannabinoids in 25 e-cigarette samples was 0.05%-2.74%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The GC-MS method for synthesizing cannabinoid, matrix and additive in e-cigarette oil samples has good selectivity, high resolution, low detection limit, and can be used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple components; The explored fragment ion fragmentation mechanism of the electron bombardment ion source of indole or indoxamide compounds helps to identify such substances or other compounds with similar structures in cases.

Clinical characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Kunming / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children infected with the Omicron variant in Kunming after the withdrawal of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) and analyze the risk factors of severe cases. Methods: Clinical data was retrospectively collected from 1 145 children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection who were hospitalized in six tertiary grade A hospitals in Kunming from December 10th, 2022 to January 9th, 2023. According to clinical severity, these patients were divided into the general and severe SARS-CoV-2 groups, and their clinical and laboratory data were compared. Between-group comparison was performed using t-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors of severe illness. Results: A total of 1 145 hospitalized patients were included, of whom 677 were male and 468 female. The age of these patients at visit was 1.7 (0.5, 4.1) years. Specifically, there were 758 patients (66.2%) aged ≤3 years at visit and 387 patients (33.8%) aged >3 years. Of these children, 89 cases (7.8%) had underline diseases and the remaining 1 056 cases (92.2%) had no combined diseases. Additionally, of all the patients, 319 cases (27.9%) were vaccinated with one or two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 748 cases (65.3%) had acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI), and six cases died (0.5%). A total of 1 051 cases (91.8%) were grouped into general SARS-CoV-2 group and 94 cases (8.2%) were grouped into severe SARS-CoV-2 group. Compared with the general cases, the severe cases showed a lower rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and younger median age, lower lymphocyte count, as well as proportions of CD8+T lymphocyte (36 cases (38.3%) vs. 283 cases (26.9%), 0.5 (2.6, 8.0) vs. 1.6 (0.5, 3.9) years, 1.3 (1.0, 2.7) ×109 vs. 2.7 (1.3,4.4)×109/L, 0.17 (0.12, 0.24) vs. 0.21 (0.15, 0.16), respectively, χ2=4.88, Z=-2.21,-5.03,-2.53, all P<0.05). On the other hand, the length of hospital stay, proportion of underline diseases, ALT, AST, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and troponin T were higher in the severe group compared to those in the general group ((11.6±5.9) vs. (5.3±1.8) d, 41 cases (43.6%) vs. 48 cases (4.6%), 67 (26,120) vs. 20 (15, 32) U/L, 51 (33, 123) vs. 44 (34, 58) U/L、56.9 (23.0, 219.3) vs. 3.6 (1.9, 17.9) U/L, 12.0 (4.9, 56.5) vs. 3.0 (3.0, 7.0) ×10-3 pg/L,respectively, t=-20.43, χ2=183.52, Z=-9.14,-3.12,-6.38,-3.81, all P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that increased leukocyte count (OR=1.88, 95%CI 1.18-2.97, P<0.01), CRP (OR=1.18, 95%CI 1.06-1.31, P<0.01), ferritin (OR=1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.00, P<0.01), interleukin (IL)-6 (OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.012), D-dimer (OR=2.56, 95%CI 1.44-4.56, P<0.01) and decreased CD4+T lymphocyte (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.98, P=0.030) were independently associated with the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized children with Omicron infection. Conclusions: After the withdrawal of NPI, the pediatric inpatients with Omicron infection in Kunming were predominantly children younger than 3 years of age, and mainly manifested as AURTI with relatively low rate of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. Elevated leukocyte counts, CRP, ferritin, IL-6, D-dimer, and decreased CD4+T lymphocytes are significant risk factors for developing severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Application of multimodal electromagnetic navigation in endoscopic endonasal skull base anatomical measurement of fresh cadavers / 解剖学报

Objective Electromagnetic navigation was used to observe and measure important anatomical structures through endoscopic endoscopic approach (EEA) to the ventral skull base to provide data for clinical surgery. Methods Using electromagnetic navigation to measure the anatomical structure of the central and paracentral ventral skull base on 10 fresh cadavers, the internal carotid artery (ICA) was the most important. Results Electromagnetic navigation helped to determine the course of important neurovascular. The ICA of the ventral skull base was divided into 5 segments+ 7 major branches, and the length and course of each were measured and recorded. Conclusion The identification and protection of ICA is the key to EEA treatment of ventral skull base lesions, and electromagnetic navigation assistance can improve the efficiency and safety of EEA surgery.

Clinical characteristics and CT findings of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in 46 cases with hematological diseases / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To summarize the original CT features of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematological diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out in 46 patients with proven pneumocystis pneumonia (PJP) in the Hospital of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2014 and December 2021. All patients had multiple chests CT and related laboratory examinations, imaging typing were conducted based on the initial CT presentation, and the distinct imaging types were analyzed against the clinical data. Results: In the analysis, there were 46 patients with proven pathogenesis, 33 males, and 13 females, with a median age of 37.5 (2-65) years. The diagnosis was validated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) hexamine silver staining in 11 patients and clinically diagnosed in 35 cases. Of the 35 clinically diagnosed patients, 16 were diagnosed by alveolar lavage fluid macrogenomic sequencing (BALF-mNGS) and 19 by peripheral blood macrogenomic sequencing (PB-mNGS) . The initial chest CT presentation was categorized into 4 types, including ground glass (GGO) type in 25 cases (56.5%) , nodular type in 10 cases (21.7%) , fibrosis type in 4 cases (8.7%) , and mixed type in 5 cases (13.0%) . There was no substantial discrepancy in CT types among confirmed patients, BALF-mNGS diagnosed patients and PB-mNGS diagnosed patients (χ(2)=11.039, P=0.087) . The CT manifestations of confirmed patients and PB-mNGS diagnosed patients were primarily GGO type (67.6%, 73.7%) , while that of BALF-mNGS diagnosed patients were nodular type (37.5%) . Of the 46 patients, 63.0% (29/46) had lymphocytopenia in the peripheral blood, 25.6% (10/39) with positive serum G test, and 77.1% (27/35) with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) . There were no great discrepancies in the rates of lymphopenia in peripheral blood, positive G-test, and increased LDH among different CT types (all P>0.05) . Conclusion: The initial chest CT findings of PJP in patients with hematological diseases were relatively prevalent with multiple GGO in both lungs. Nodular and fibrosis types were also the initial imaging findings for PJP.

Weidiao-3 Mixture Improves the Clinical Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer by Regulating Intestinal Flora / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the effects of Weidiao-3(WD-3)Mixture on the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer and the intestinal flora.Methods Fifty-one patients with advanced gastric cancer treated in Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were randomized into a WD-3 group(immunotherapy + WD-3 Mixture,one dose per day)(n=25)and a gastric cancer(GC) group(only immunotherapy)(n=26)according to the admission time.Ten healthy volunteers were included as the healthy control group.The Karnofsky score and the Quality of Life Questionnare-Core score were evaluated before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy was compared after treatment.After treatment,the stool samples were collected for 16SrRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and targeted metabolomics.The α and β diversity and structure of the intestinal flora and the content of short-chain fatty acids were compared between groups.Results The quality of life in both groups improved after treatment and was better in the WD-3 group than in the GC group(P=0.035).The dry mouth(P=0.038)and altered taste(P=0.008)were mitigated in the WD-3 group after treatment,and the reflux(P=0.001)and dry mouth(P=0.022)were mitigated in the GC group after treatment.After treatment,the WD-3 group outperformed the GC group in terms of dysphagia(P=0.047)and dry mouth(P=0.045).The WD-3 group was superior to the GC group in terms of objective remission rate and disease control rate,with prolonged median progression-free survival and median overall survival(P=0.039,P=0.043).The α and β diversity indexes of the intestinal flora showed no significant differences between WD-3 and GC groups(all P>0.05).At the phylum level,WD-3 and GC groups had lower relative abundance of Firmicutes(P=0.038,P=0.042)and higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria(P=0.016,P=0.015)than the healthy control group.The relative abundance of Actinomycetes in the GC group was lower than that in the healthy control group(P=0.035)and the WD-3 group(P=0.046).At the genus level,the GC group had lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteria and Coprococcus than the healthy control group and the WD-3 group(all P<0.001).LEfSe revealed the differences in the relative abundance of 6 intestinal bacterial taxa between the WD-3 group and the GC group.At the genus level,Saccharopolyspora had higher relative abundance in the WD-3 group than in the healthy control group and only existed in the WD-3 group.The content of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the WD-3 group was higher than that in the healthy control group(P=0.037,P=0.004).Conclusion WD-3 Mixture may increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria and Coprococcus and the content of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid to alter the intestinal microecology,thereby improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastric cancer.

Comparative study of purgative pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Moringa oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their "Virechana"(purgative) effect in Ayurvedic medicine in India. This study compared the purgative effects and mechanisms of M. oleifera leaves with the reference Rhei Radix et Rhizoma to establish a foundation for the further application of M. oleifera leaves in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study identified the material basis, common targets, and signaling pathways through which Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and M. oleifera leaves exerted their purgative pharmacological effects. A low-fiber diet-induced constipation mouse model was established to measure fecal parameters and small intestinal propulsion rate, and histological changes in the colon were observed using HE staining. Relative expression levels of relevant genes and target proteins were assessed using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results showed that mapping the targets of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and M. oleifera leaves onto the biological process network of constipation revealed close proximity, indicating that they may exert their therapeutic effects on constipation through similar biological processes. Molecular docking results indicated that compounds such as sennoside C and isoquercitrin could target serine/threonine protein kinases(AKT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), thereby affecting MAPK and calcium signaling pathways to promote defecation. Animal experiments demonstrated that both M. oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma increased the number of fecal pellets and water content in constipated mice, improved small intestine motility, colon mucosal thickness, and muscle layer thickness, upregulated the gene expression levels of AKT1 and MAPK3 in the colon, and downregulated the expression of AQP3 protein. These findings suggest that M. oleifera leaves and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma share similarities in their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms for treating constipation. Using Rhei Radix et Rhizoma as a reference can provide a better understanding of the characteristics of the "Virechana"(purgative) effect of M. oleifera leaves in TCM.

Establishment of a risk model for severe adenovirus pneumonia and prospective study of the timing of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a risk prediction model for severe adenovirus pneumonia (AVP) in children, and to explore the appropriate timing for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for severe AVP.@*METHODS@#Medical data of 1 046 children with AVP were retrospectively analyzed, and a risk prediction model for severe AVP was established using multivariate logistic regression. The model was validated with 102 children with AVP. Then, 75 children aged ≤14 years who were considered at risk of developing severe AVP by the model were prospectively enrolled and divided into three groups (A, B and C) in order of visit, with 25 children in each group. Group A received symptomatic supportive therapy only. With the exception of symptomatic supportive therapy, group B received IVIG treatment at a dose of 1g/(kg·d) for 2 consecutive days, before progressing to severe AVP. With the exception of symptomatic supportive therapy, group C received IVIG treatment at a dose of 1 g/(kg·d) for 2 consecutive days after progressing to severe AVP. Efficacy and related laboratory indicators were compared among the three groups after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Age<18.5 months, underlying diseases, fever duration >6.5 days, hemoglobin level <84.5 g/L, alanine transaminase level >113.5 U/L, and co-infection with bacteria were the six variables that entered into the risk prediction model for severe AVP. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862, sensitivity of 0.878, and specificity of 0.848. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good consistency between the predicted values and the actual observations (P>0.05). After treatment, group B had the shortest fever duration and hospital stay, the lowest hospitalization costs, the highest effective rate of treatment, the lowest incidence of complications, the lowest white blood cell count and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels, and the highest level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk model for severe AVP established in this study has good value in predicting the development of severe AVP. IVIG therapy before progression to severe AVP is more effective in treating AVP in children.

Initial experience with endoscopic urethral caruncle electrosurgery using a modified homemade urethral extender / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical results of plasma electrosurgery in elderly female patients with urethral caruncle using a modified homemade urethral extender.Methods 28 patients with urethral caruncle were admitted from January 2019 to December 2022,all with modified homemade urethral extender-assisted plasma electrosurgery,and the patients'operative time,length of hospital stay,catheter retention time and occurrence of postoperative complications were analyzed.Results All the 28 patients in this group completed the operation successfully with the assistance of homemade urethral extender,no conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 15～40 min,with an average of(24.4±6.4)min.The catheter retention time was 3～7 d,with an average of(5.1±1.1)d.The hospitalization time was 4～8 d,with an average of(6.5±1.0)d.After removal of catheter,all urination was clear,no recent complications such as urinary incontinence and urination difficulty,and all had pathology suggestive of urethral caruncle.Follow up time was 2～22 months,with an average of(11.8±6.5)months,no long-term complications such as urethral stricture and recurrence of urethral caruncle occurred.Conclusion Endoscopic treatment of urethral caruncle with a modified homemade urethral extender is one of the safe and effective treatments that deserves clinical promotion.

Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their significances / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 7(MMP7)and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor(SLPI)in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)and their signifi-cances.Methods:Based on the gene expression data of thyroid cancer in the tumor Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,a total of 567 samples were collected,including 509 cancer tissues and 58 normal tissues.The gene matrix data were extracted and sorted out.Two groups of differentially expressed genes were screened by using the R language edger package,and the potential key genes were screened by the mcode plug-in in Cytoscape.Select a key gene and mine closely related genes through the UALCAN database.Immunohistochemical SABC method was used to detect the ex-pressions of MMP7 and SLPI proteins in PTC tissues and their paracancerous tissues collected from 69 patients in Binzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021,and the association of expression levels of MMP7 and SLPI with the clinico-pathological factors of PTC patients was also analyzed.Results:Based on the data of TCGA database,1471 genes were obtained,of which 1000 were up-regulated and 471 were down-regu-lated.Through the mcode plug-in in Cytoscape,20 key genes were screened(MMP7,CCL18,CYR61,SPECC1,CRABP2,PLXNA3,KRT17,TMEM59L,RETN,SRF,ITGB4,PPL,PLEKHN1,RMI2,LCN6,SPX,NRIP1,ARHGEF28,SLC39A14,SNCA).Through the UALCAN database,the correlation between MMP7 and SLPI was retrieved(Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.5,P＜0.05).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression rates of MMP7 and SLPI proteins in PTC tissues were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues[82.6％(57/69)vs 29.0％(20/69),71.0％(49/69)vs 15.9％(11/69)],and the differences were statistically significant(x2 val-ues were 40.222 and 42.579,both P＜0.01).The expressions of MMP7 and SLPI in PTC tissues were correlated with TNM stage,differentiation,extramembranous invasion and lymph node metastasis(all P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between MMP7 and SLPI proteins expressions in PTC(r=0.381,P=0.001).Conclusions:The interaction between MMP7 and SLPI proteins can be in-volved in the development and progression of PTC.

Novel Variants in the FIG4 Gene Associated With Chinese Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis With Slow Progression

Background@#and Purpose Mutations in the FIG4 gene have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 11 in Caucasian populations. The purpose of this study was to identify FIG4 variants in a cohort of 15 familial ALS (FALS) indexes and 275 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients of Han Chinese origin. @*Methods@#All 23 exons of FIG4 were sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing.An extensive literature review was performed to detect genotype-phenotype associations of FIG4 mutations. @*Results@#No FIG4 variants were identified in the FALS patients. One novel heterozygous missense variant (c.352G>T [p.D118Y]) and one novel heterozygous nonsense variant (c.2158G>T [p.E720X]) in FIG4 were identified in two SALS patients. The p.E720X variant is interpreted as likely pathogenic while the p.D118Y variant is a variant of uncertain significance. The patient carrying the p.E720X mutation developed lower-limb-onset slowly progressive ALS, and survived for 11.5 years. The patient harboring the FIG4 p.D118Y variant also presented with progressive ALS, with the score on the ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R) decreasing by 0.4 per month. The rate of decrease in the ALSFRS-R scores from symptom onset to diagnosis seemed to be lower in the patients carrying FIG4 variants than the no-FIG4-mutation ALS patients in this study. @*Conclusions@#Our findings suggest that ALS patients carrying FIG4 mutations are not common in the Chinese population and are more likely to exhibit slow progression.

Research advances of music therapy and its application in the field of burn treatment / 中华烧伤杂志

Different from other trauma, the scar and pigmentation formed after healing of burn wound not only hinder beauty but also easily lead to a series of sequential psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety. Music therapy, as a supplementary treatment, is widely used in many fields including medical and health care and psychological regulation. However, affected by factors such as medical resources, the awareness and acceptance of music therapy among burn treatment workers in China are still low. Based on the clinical characteristics of burns, this paper matches the applicability of music therapy with it, summarizes the supplementary application of music therapy in the field of burn treatment, expounds this natural science with both science and aesthetics, and puts forward feasible suggestions for its future development.

Triglyceride and glucose index as a predictive factor for diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetic patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the validity of triglyceride glucose(TyG)index to identily diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. A total of 1061 type 2 diabetic patients in Shanghai who underwent health checkup in our hospital in 2021, all the subjects underwent questionnaire survey, physical examination, blood biochemical index detection and fundus examination. According to the fundus photos, they were divided into DR group(275 cases)and no DR group(786 cases). Risk factors for DR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyse the predicted values of TyG with DR. RESULT: Elevated TyG index was an high risk factor for development of DR in type 2 diabetic patients. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors(gender, age, smoking history, the course of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and serum uric), the OR value of the DR in the TyG index Q4 group relative to the Q1 group was 2.57(95%CI: 1.56-4.05), P<0.001. ROC curve analysis: the optimal cutoff value of TyG index was 6.1762, with a sensitivity of 66.92% and a specificity 63.27%, the AUC was 0.6952 and 95%CI was 0.6575-0.7329.TyG index had better predictive abilities than fasting blood glucose(AUC=0.6697), glycosylated hemoglobin(AUC=0.6864)and triglycerides(AUC=0.6521).CONCLUSION: The TyG index correlates well with the onset risk of DR and potentially is a useful predictive factors, especially in the early stages of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Therapeutic potential for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism via activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 a signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Alii) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Accumulating evidences show that energy metabolism defieits and homeostasis imbalance lead to selective degeneration of motor neurons in ALS.Adenosine phosphate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) and silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) are known to sense energy metabolism at the cellular level, playing an essential part in regulating the energy homeostasis and autophagy by activating downstream pathways.AMPK activates SIRT1 to activate the deaeetylation and activation of downstream genes involved in energy metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-aetivated receptor 7 ( PPAR-y) and eoaetivator la ( PGC-la) , thereby increasing the level of mitochondrial biosynthesis.Therefore, the mechanism by which AMPK/SIRT1 participates in the regulation of energy metabolism is highly likely to be a potential target for ALS treatment.Here we first review the important role of energy metabolism defects and mitochondrial abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALS, and briefly address the therapeutic potential of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1 a pathway as a treatment target in ALS, and how targeted regulation of this signaling pathway makes it an effective therapeutic strategy for ALS.

Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers, Especially Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio, Predict Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Systemic inflammatory response is a critical factor that promotes the initiation and metastasis of malignancies including pancreatic cancer (PC). This study was designed to determine and compare the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) in resectable PC and locally advanced or metastatic PC. @*Materials and Methods@#Three hundred fifty-three patients with resectable PC and 807 patients with locally advan-ced or metastatic PC were recruited in this study. These patients were classified into a training set (n=758) and a validation set (n=402). Kaplan-Meier survival plots and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze prognosis. @*Results@#Overall survival (OS) was significantly better for patients with resectable PC with low preoperative PLR (p=0.048) and MLR (p=0.027). Low FAR, MLR, NLR (p < 0.001), and PLR (p=0.003) were significantly associated with decreased risk of death for locally advanced or metastatic PC patients. FAR (hazard ratio [HR], 1.522; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.261 to 1.837; p < 0.001) and MLR (HR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.017 to 1.532; p=0.034) were independent prognostic factors for locally advanced or metastatic PC. @*Conclusion@#The prognostic roles of FAR, MLR, NLR, and PLR in resectable PC and locally advanced or metastatic PC were different. FAR showed the most prognostic power in locally advanced or metastatic PC. Low FAR was positively correlated with OS in locally advanced or metastatic PC, which could be used to predict the prognosis.

Using a Nomogram to Preoperatively Predict Distant Metastasis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in Elderly Patients / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To establish a nomogram for predicting the distant metastasis risk of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) in elderly patients. Methods We extracted data of patients with diagnosis of pNETs at age ≥65 years old between 1973 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All eligible patients were divided randomly into a training cohort and validation cohort. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the training cohort to identify independent factors for distant metastasis. A nomogram was developed based on the independent risk factors using rms packages of R software, and was validated internally by the training cohort and externally by the validation cohort using C-index and calibration curves. Results A total of 411 elderly patients were identified, of which 260 were assigned to training cohort and 151 to validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated the tumor site (body/tail of pancreas: odds ratio [

Does Prior Cancer Have an Influence on the Survival Outcomes of Patients with Localized Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors? / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the impact of prior non-pancreatic cancer on the survival outcomes of patients with localized pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Methods We reviewed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and selected patients with localized PanNETs diagnosed between 1973 and 2015. We divided the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of prior non-pancreatic malignancy. Before and after propensity score matching, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics and studied the overall survival and cancer-specific survival. Results A total of 357 (12.9%) of 2778 patients with localized PanNETs had prior cancer. A total of 1211 cases with only a localized PanNET and 133 cases with a localized PanNET and prior cancer had complete data and met the inclusion criteria of the current study. Patients with prior cancer were associated with advanced age (>65 years, 57.9% prior cancer