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AIM: To compare the binocular and monocular accommodation among normal group, premyopia group and mild myopia group, and to study the characteristics of accommodation in the premyopia group, thus providing clinical evidence for the delay/prevention of myopia and the effective decrease of the incidence of myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 179 children who had abnormal/high-risk visual acuity indicated by the vision screening in school from October 2021 to February 2023 were selected, including 92 males and 87 females, aged from 6 to 12(mean 8.55±1.66)years old, then they were referred to the Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control Center in Cuizu Community Health Service Center. They were divided into normal group(+0.75 D<SE≤+2.00 D), the premyopia group(-0.50 D<SE≤+0.75 D)and the mild myopia group(-3.00 D≤SE≤-0.50 D)according to the diopters after cycloplegia, and binocular myopia grouping is defined by the eye with lower diopter. Binocular positive relative accommodation(PRA), negative relative accommodation(NRA), accommodative facility(AF), and monocular AF and amplitude of accommodation(AA)were examined. The age, binocular and monocular accommodation of different groups were compared.RESULTS: There were no difference in the sex ratio of different groups(χ2=0.167, P=0.920). There was no difference in age between the normal group and the premyopia group(P=0.310), but there were differences between the mild myopia group and the normal group and premyopia group(P=0.018, <0.01); Binocular NRA, PRA, and AF had significance between the normal group and the premyopia group(P<0.01), while there was no significance between the premyopia group and the mild myopia(P>0.05). Monocular AF had significance between the normal group and the premyopia group(P<0.01), while there was no significance between the premyopia group and the mild myopia group(P>0.05); The monocular AA had significance among the three groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Although the diopters was normal, binocular NRA, PRA, monocular and binocular AF had significantly decreased in the premyopia group, and there was no significant difference compared with mild myopia group; monocular AA had decreased in the premyopia group and it was also significantly different from the mild myopia group. The accommodation function should be examined in premyopic children. Recovering the abnormal visual function through visual training may be a way to prevent and control premyopia from progressing to myopia.
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Objective@#To prepare manganese-doped carbon quantum dots (Mn-CDs) dual-modal nanoprobe for fluorescent-magnetic imaging, and evaluate its characteristics and potential on fluorescence imaging and MRI.@*Methods@#Mn-CDs were synthesized at 150 ℃. The form, diameter, component, fluorescent capability, T1 relaxation rate, stability and cytotoxicity of Mn-CDs in vivo were verified. The fluorescence imaging of HO-8910 tumor-bearing mice was performed on small animal imager, and the whole-body enhanced imaging was performed on 3.0 T MRI scanner. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#The Mn-CDs with the diameter of (4.64±0.85) nm showed a well-defined spherical morphology. The fluorescent spectra of Mn-CDs exhibited that the excitation maximum was at 360 nm and the emission maximum was at 440 nm. The T1 relaxation rate was (3.26±0.04) mmol·L-1·s-1. The Mn-CDs had good stability of fluorescent and magnetic imaging capability at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2 months at room temperature with no significant differences of fluorescent and magnetic signals (F=1.566 and 0.987, both P>0.05). After injection of 200 μl Mn-CDs (15 g/L), mice were all alive and had no viscera damage. The tumor could be observed obviously on fluorescence imaging at 5 min. Enhanced MRI showed that the tumor was unevenly enhanced and Mn-CDs were mainly cleared away through urinary system.@*Conclusion@#Mn-CDs are stable and have good potential on fluorescence imaging and MRI, which provides a promising multimodal imaging method for tumor detection and monitoring.
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Objective To fabricate manganese-doped carbon quantum dots(Mn-CDs)@anti-human epididymis protein 4(HE4)monoclonal antibody(Mn-CDs@Anti-HE4 mAb)dual-modal fluorescent-magnetic nanoprobe for ovarian cancer cells targeting imaging,and evaluate its potential on fluorescent imaging and MRL Methods Mn-CDs were synthesized at 150 ℃ with solvothermal method.The average diameter,fluorescent capability and MRI efficiency were determined.The cytotoxicity of Mn-CDs in vitro was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS)assay with HO-8910 ovarian cancer stem cells and EA.hy926 human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Mn-CDs@Anti-HE4 mAb was fabricated with condensation reaction and characterized by ultraviolet(UV)absorption spectra.Fluorescence imaging and MRI in vitro was performed for cancer cell-targeting study.One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test were used to analyze the data.Results The Mn-CDs with diameter of(4.64±0.85)nm showed a well-defined spherical morphology.The fluorescent spectra of Mn-CDs exhibited a typical excitation-dependent behavior with an excitation maximum at 360 nm and emission maximum at 440 nm.The T1 relaxation rate was(3.26±0.04)mmol ? L-1 ? s-1.The cytotoxicity tests in vitro showed that the survival rates of HO-8910 cells and EA.hy926 cells were both significantly different after treated with different concentrations of Mn-CDs(F= 1 947.509,260.174,both P<0.05),and there was no cytotoxicity in both HO-8910 cells and EA.hy926 cells at concentrations of MnCDs within 0-2.5 mg/ml(all P>0.05),while the survival rates of the two kinds of cells were descended with the increasing of concentration within 3.0-4.5 mg/ml(P<0.05).Mn-CDs@Anti-HE4 mAb could target HO-8910 cells on fluorescence imaging and MRI.Conclusions Mn-CDs@Anti-HE4 mAb,with good potential on fluorescence imaging,MRI and targeting ability,is successfully synthesized.It may provide a new method for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Objective To prepare manganese-doped carbon quantum dots ( Mn-CDs) dual-modal nanoprobe for fluorescent-magnetic imaging, and evaluate its characteristics and potential on fluorescence imaging and MRI. Methods Mn-CDs were synthesized at 150 ℃. The form, diameter, component, fluo-rescent capability, T1 relaxation rate, stability and cytotoxicity of Mn-CDs in vivo were verified. The fluores-cence imaging of HO-8910 tumor-bearing mice was performed on small animal imager, and the whole-body enhanced imaging was performed on 3.0 T MRI scanner. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results The Mn-CDs with the diameter of (4.64±0.85) nm showed a well-defined spherical morpholo-gy. The fluorescent spectra of Mn-CDs exhibited that the excitation maximum was at 360 nm and the emission maximum was at 440 nm. The T1 relaxation rate was (3.26±0.04) mmol·L-1·s-1. The Mn-CDs had good stability of fluorescent and magnetic imaging capability at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2 months at room tem-perature with no significant differences of fluorescent and magnetic signals ( F=1. 566 and 0. 987, both P>0. 05) . After injection of 200 μl Mn-CDs ( 15 g/L) , mice were all alive and had no viscera damage. The tumor could be observed obviously on fluorescence imaging at 5 min. Enhanced MRI showed that the tumor was unevenly enhanced and Mn-CDs were mainly cleared away through urinary system. Conclusion Mn-CDs are stable and have good potential on fluorescence imaging and MRI, which provides a promising multimodal im-aging method for tumor detection and monitoring.
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Objective To compare changes in signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN),pons and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after multiple administrations of the linear gadolinium-based contrast agent.Methods Clinical and imaging data of forty-nine patients who underwent at least 4 consecutive enhanced MRI examinations were analyzed retrospectively (unenhanced T1-weighted MRI scans were performed before and after consecutive enhanced MRI examinations).The mean SI of DN,pons and CSF were measured on unenhanced T1-weighted images.The SI ratio of DN to pons was calculated by dividing the SI in the DN by that in the pans,and so was The DN to CSF SI ratio.The difference of SI ratio of DN-to-pons and DN-to-CSF in the same patient before and after repeated contrast-enhanced T1WI were analyzed by paired-samples t tests.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze whether the SI ratios of DN-to-pons,DN-to-CSF were correlated with any clinical factor.Results The SI ratios of DN-to-pons and DN-to-CSF after multiple contrast administrations were higher than those before enhancement,and the differences were statistically significant.The SI ratios of DN-to-pons and DN-to-CSF before and after repeated contrast enhancement were 0.98±0.62,1.05 ±0.54;3.89±0.94,4.97±1.61 (t=-8.494,-4.526,P＜0.001).The SI ratio differences showed a significant positive correlation with the number of previous gadolinium-based contrast material administrations (pons:b=0.006,P=0.003,CSF:b=0.144,P=0.009).There was no correlation with any other clinical factors(P＞0.05).Conclusions This study indicates that serial injections of linear gadolinium-based contrast agent may lead to an increase in SI in the DN.
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Objective@#To investigate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) texture analysis in predicting early recurrence after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with liver cancer.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 47 patients with liver cancer confirmed by liver biopsy and digital subtraction angiography who underwent upper abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan before TACE, and according to the presence or absence of focal recurrence within half a year, these patients were divided into early recurrence (ER) group and non-early recurrence (NER) group. The texture analysis was used to delineate tumor boundary layer by layer on the axial contrast-enhanced CT image before liver cancer surgery, and related parameters of tumor heterogeneity, including entropy, mean, non-uniformity, skewness, and kurtosis, were obtained. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of texture parameters between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for the analysis of entropy, mean, and non-uniformity, and the area under the ROC curve (ROC), optical cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of texture analysis in predicting early focal recurrence after TACE.@*Results@#There were 20 patients in the ER group and 27 in the NER group. The ER group had a maximum major axis length of 88.2±36.3 mm and a maximum minor axis length of 41.4±21.4 mm, and the NER group had a maximum major axis length of 66.9±30.2 mm and a maximum minor axis length of 29.3±19.8 mm; the ER group had significantly higher maximum major and minor axis lengths than the NER group (t = 4.89 and 4.62, P < 0.001). The ER group had significantly higher entropy and non-uniformity values than the NER group, and there were no significant differences in skewness and kurtosis between the two groups. Entropy, non-uniformity, and mean had high efficiency in predicting early recurrence after TACE, and the optimal cut-off value of entropy was 4.135.@*Conclusion@#Volumetric texture analysis of contrast-enhanced CT images before liver cancer surgery has a high value in predicting early recurrence after TACE.
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BACKGROUND: Some studies have showed that after indirect co-culture, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into myocardial cells and hepatocypte-like cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes by co-culture with human hepatocyte line LO2 in vitro.METHODS: Full-term umbilical cord blood samples were obtained sterilely. The UCB-MSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and directly adherence growth, then passaged with trypsin digestion at 80% cell fusion. By utilizing cell culture plate insets with microporous membrane combined with 6-well plate, the LO2-/UCB-MSCs co-culture system was established. UCB-MSCs were plated into the wells of 6-well plate at a density of 1×10~7/L. LO2 cells were plated into the cell culture plate insert at a density of 1×10~5/L. UCB-MSCs were plated in both layers in the control group. Surface markers of adhered cells were detected by flow cytometry. Morphological changes of UCB-MSCs were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: HUCB MSCs expressed CD44 and CD29 strongly, but CD34 and CD45 were expressed negatively. After 5 days, fusiform-shaped cells were reduced in the co-culture group; while, the time passing by, cells shaped irregular round or polygonal were increased, which were similar to hepatocytes. At 4 weeks after culture, UCB-MSCs were still fusiform-shaped in the control group. At day 5 after culture, alpha fetoprotein mRNA expressed positively, but other expressed negatively in the co-culture group; at day 14 after culture, cytokeratin-19 mRNA and albumin mRNA expressions were observed; moreover, with the time passing by, the expression of albumin mRNA was increased, but the expression of alpha fetoprotein-19 mRNA was decreased. Antigenic expressions in the control group were negative. This suggested that UCB-MSCs could differentiate into hepatocypte-like cells by co-culture with human hepatocyte line LO2 in vitro.