role of aminoguanidine on functional recovery of rat reperfused sciatic nerve

Ischemia reperfusion plays a major role in the development of pathological alterations in many different neuropathies. In this study, we evaluated the role of aminoguanidme [AG] in the functional recovery of the rat re-perfused sciatic nerve based on the behavioral scores. Seventy two rats were divided into 12 groups [n = 6]. We used ischemic model by occluding the right common iliac and femoral arteries for 3 h with a silk suture 6-0 using the slipknot technique. Treatment groups [2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12] received 150 mg/kg of AG intraperitoneally 24 hrs after the induction of ischemia. After certain time intervals of reperfusion [48 hr, and 4, 7, 14, and 28 days], the function of the hind limb was assessed using behavioral scores based on gait, racing reflex, toe spread, pinch sensitivity, paw position, and grasp. Hind limb functional deficits developed in all reperfused groups, and maximal behavioral deficit occurred on day 7 of reperfusion. The comparison of the control and AG groups revealed a better time course in recovery and improvement of the behavioral score. In conclusion, our findings suggest that post-ischernic administration of AG exhibits a neuroprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury of sciatic nerve. However, further investigations are required to delineate the detailed mechanisms underlying the protective effect of AG in sciatic nerve injury

[Effects of cefixime on the testis structure and pituitary-gonadal hormones in adult Balb/C mice]

Cefixime is an antimicrobial agent which has a widespread ability against various pathogens, especially gram-negative organisms. Today, physicians apply cephalosporins especially cefixime in a wide scale. Regarding the side effects of some of these antibiotics on reproductive system, this study was conducted to determine the effect of cefixime on pituitary-gonadal hormones, gonadotrophins and testes morphology in adult male mice. Eighteen male mice [age: 12-16 weeks, weight: 35 +/- 5 gr] were divided into three groups; control, sham and experimental [6 mice in each group]. Experimental group received cefixime [0.5 gr/kg/day] as a solution in dimethyl solfoxide [DMSO] for 10 days; the sham group received only drug solvent [DMSO] via IP injection and the control group remained intact. The animals were weighed and sacrificed. Level of hormones was measured by Radioi Immuno Assay [RIA] method. Then, tissues were fixed in Buin's fixative. Sections were cut into 5 micro m thicknesses and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin [H and E]. Data were analyzed using T-test and SPSS software. Count of spermatogenic, Sertoli and leydig cells and titer of FSH significantly decreased in the experimental group in comparison with the control and sham groups [P<0.01 and P<0.05]. In the experimental group, DHEA hormone decreased significantly [P<0.05] in comparison with sham. No significant differences were seen in other factors between the groups. Regarding physiological role of Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis, reduction of FSH hormone may lead to negative effects on the sperm production and reproductive potential of male mice

Negative effect of zinc on testes, testosterone and gonadotrophins levels in adult male wistar rats

The toxic effects of zinc leading to sebaceous gland closure, skin eczema and blister have been previously demonstrated in other studies. The aim of this study is to determine the chronic effects of zinc chloride [ZnCl2] on testicular tissues, testosterone and gonadotrophins in adult male Wistar rats. Twenty four Adult male Wistar rats were divided in to two groups of study and control with each group consisting of 12 rats. Study group rats received 10 mg/kg interaperitoneal Zinc chloride in normal saline [N.S] every other day for 30 days. Control group rats received N.S during this time. Blood sample for hormonal evaluation were collected from hearts of these rats. The rats were destroyed and their testes were removed and fixed in a 10% formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde solution. The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the level of LH and testosterone hormone among the rats in the study group compared to the control group with p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively. Study of fine structure of testicular cells and tissues in the study group rats revealed swelling of mitochondria, increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuolization and lysosomic granules [Autophagic vacuoles] in cytosol of their germinal cells. Based on the results of this study consumption of large amount of compounds which contain zinc should be controlled and limited among men. There is a need for further studies to evaluate and determine the reversibility of most hormonal and physiological changes due to usage of zinc containing compounds

[ effects of sodium benzoate [C[6]h[5]COONa] on ovaries and its hormones and gonadotropins on female balb/C mice]

Sodium benzoate [C[6]H[5]COONa] is used as a disinfectant against microorganisms existing in healthy foods and drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium benzoate on ovaries and its hormones and gonadotrophins on balb/C mice. Eighteen adult female mice [balb/c] were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Two groups of animals were treated with 280 or 560mg/kg/day sodium benzoate for 60 days [Group II and III, respectively]. Animals of group I were administrated water without sodium benzoate for 60 days and served as the controls. On the 61st between 08:00 to 10:00, blood samples were collected from the left ventricle after anesthesia with diethyl ether. After that the mice were killed following ethical procedure, the ovaries were dissected out, then, it was immediately fixed in formalin 10% and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5 micro m thickness were taken from the mid portion of each ovary. Plasma levels of FSH and LH were significantly decreased in group III compared to control group [P<0.0001]. Plasma level of progesterone was significantly decreased in treatment groups compared to control group [P<0.001]. Decrease of oogenes and disorganization of ovaries in electron microscopy investigation determined. The results of present study indicate that sodium benzoate affect and decrease the oogenesis and reduce of follicles and corpus luteum. Thus, it is suggested to replace it if necessity