ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The homeobox (Hox) genes a and d controlling limb and genital development influence the digit ratio and the fetal production of testicular androgen, which may result in testicular descent in boys. To assess whether the digit ratio reflects disease status, we investigated the second and fourth finger lengths in children with cryptorchidism, in children with hydrocele as a disease control, and in healthy controls (boys and girls). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ninety-six children (46 with cryptorchidism, 50 with hydrocele, 50 healthy boys, and 50 healthy girls) who were 6 to 23 months of age were prospectively enrolled. Digit lengths were measured by 2 investigators, and the mean value was recorded. RESULTS: The second-to-fourth digit ratios (2D:4Ds) of the left hand in the cryptorchidism group, hydrocele group, healthy boys, and healthy girls were 0.958, 0.956, 0.950, and 0.956, respectively. The 2D:4D values of the right hand were 0.946, 0.945, 0.952, and 0.969, respectively. The right and left 2D:4D ratios were not significantly different among groups. The 2D:4D of both hands was not related to age, weight, or height. CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, the 2D:4D was not significantly different in boys with cryptorchidism than in boys with hydrocele or in healthy controls (boys and girls) and failed to reflect disease conditions in the infant period.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Anthropometry , Case-Control Studies , Cryptorchidism , Extremities , Fingers , Genes, Homeobox , Hand , Prospective Studies , Research PersonnelABSTRACT
Congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle is commonly associated with mullerian duct cysts and frequently combined with anomalies of the vas deferens or urinary tract. We report a case of a 29 year-old man with congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle without any associated anomaly of the urogenital organs. He had infertility for 2 years and two semen analyses revealed azoospermia. There was no abnormal finding in physical examination of the testis, epididymis, or vas deferens. However, we could not locate the seminal vesicles in a transrectal ultrasound and computed tomography. We referred him to an infertility clinic for assisted reproductive technology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Azoospermia , Epididymis , Infertility , Physical Examination , Semen Analysis , Seminal Vesicles , Testis , Urinary Tract , Vas DeferensABSTRACT
Congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle is commonly associated with mullerian duct cysts and frequently combined with anomalies of the vas deferens or urinary tract. We report a case of a 29 year-old man with congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle without any associated anomaly of the urogenital organs. He had infertility for 2 years and two semen analyses revealed azoospermia. There was no abnormal finding in physical examination of the testis, epididymis, or vas deferens. However, we could not locate the seminal vesicles in a transrectal ultrasound and computed tomography. We referred him to an infertility clinic for assisted reproductive technology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Azoospermia , Epididymis , Infertility , Physical Examination , Semen Analysis , Seminal Vesicles , Testis , Urinary Tract , Vas DeferensABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of enuresis alarm-desmopressin compared with a desmopressin-based combined pharmacotherapy as the first line in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 48 MNE children. Of these, 20 enuretic children were included in the alarm-desmopressin group (AD group) and 28 in the combination pharmacotherapy group (CP group). In the CP group, patients were given desmopressin based combination therapy with imipramine or oxybutynin for 6 months. In the AD group, patients were administered an enuresis alarm associated with an initial 3-month desmopressin combination. The response rates of each therapy were analyzed after 1, 3 and 6 months. After cessation of the 6 month treatment course, the initial and lasting cure rates were analyzed 1 and 6 month later. RESULTS: There was no differentiation in the baseline characteristics and drop-out rates between the two groups during treatment. The mean response rates in the AD and CP groups were 91.8 and 93.7%, respectively. The initial cure rate was higher in the AD (92.3%) than the CP group (52.4%) (p=0.024). The lasting cure rate was also higher in the AD (76.9%) than the CP group (33.3%) (p=0.032). Most of the relapses occurred within 2 month in the CP group and within 4 month in the AD group. CONCLUSIONS: In MNE, a combination of enuresis alarm-desmopressin showed a similar response rate, high initial and lasting cure rates, with a delayed relapse, compared with combination pharmacotherapy. Therefore, a combination of enuresis alarm-desmopressin can be considered a useful tool as the first line in MNE. (Korean J Urol 2005;46:19-24)
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Behavior Therapy , Deamino Arginine Vasopressin , Drug Therapy , Enuresis , Imipramine , Nocturnal Enuresis , RecurrenceABSTRACT
We report a case of torsion of a benign cyst arising from the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis, which presented on an acute scrotum. Physical examination revealed a tender swelling of the left hemiscrotum. Surgical, we happened to find torsion of a cyst originating from the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis. The pedicle of the cyst was twisted about 360 degrees.