ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a gas chromatography(GC)method for determination of seven residual solvents in clofarabine.METHODS:The capillary column was AT-1301;the carrier gas was nitrogen gas and the detector was FID.By temperature programming was applied for the column temperature with an initial temperature of 40 ℃,which rose to 80 ℃ with an increase rate of 7 ℃?min-1,then rose to 200 ℃(kept at this temperature for 2 min)with the increase rate of 20 ℃?min-1.The injector temperature was 250 ℃ and the detector temperature was 280 ℃.The sample was injected directly for determination of residual levels of methanol,acetonitrile,dichlormethane,t-butyl alcohol,ethyl acetate,n-heptane and acetic acid in 3 batches of clofarabine.RESULTS:All the organic solvents were effectively separated and they showed good linearity within a concentration range(r=0.999 41～0.999 93)with average recovery rate ranged from 96.5% to 102.4%(RSDs of all were less than 4.0%).7 kinds of organic solvents in 3 batches of samples were all up to the standard specified in Chinese Pharmacopeia.CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,accurate and reliable,and it is applicable for the determination of the residual solvents in clofarabine.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To explore the importance of self-supervision spirit in the PIVAS.METHODS:According to the characteristics of PIVAS in our hospital,the importance of self-supervision spirit in PIVAS was introduced and the methods to cultivate the spirit were evaluated.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Self-supervision spirit of staff can reduce mistakes and improve the working of PIVAS to promote the safety of clinical drug use.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To explore the problems and solutions of the communication between PIVAS and clinical departments in order to provide reference for effective communication.METHODS:The importance and means of effective communication were explored in respect of mutual goal,problems of communication and countermeasures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Only the effective communication between PIVAS and clinical department are strengthened continuously,can satisfactory service be supplied for patients.The medical conception of "patient-centered" can be implemented.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To probe into an inventory method of high efficiency and quality for PIVAS.METHODS:Data processing and calculation were carried out using Excel based on the information system of PIVAS.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Digital inventory greatly improves the efficiency and quality of inventory.Under the condition of same workload and same number of staff,working time of digital inventory is 60% less than that of traditional inventory.And consistent rate between material and account is increased by 5%.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To cut down the mistakes in PIVAS of our hospital in order to guarantee safe drug use of patients.METHODS:Various errors occurred in PIVAS of our hospital in 2008 were collected and analyzed.Relevant countermeasures were carried out then errors occurred in 2009 were compared statistically.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Errors occurred in PIVAS of our hospital mainly were printing errors of label,shelf errors of drugs,dispensing errors and describing errors.The error rate was decreased from 0.016 1% in 2008 to 0.006 4% in 2009 and the safety of drug use was improved.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardized dispensation of chemotherapy drugs in PIVAS.METHODS:Cautions for the dispensation of chemotherapy drugs and process steps of emergency were introduced as well as the disposal of waste and liquid after dispensing.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Centralized and standardized dispensation of chemotherapy drugs in PIVAS improves the quality of the dispensation of chemotherapy drugs.And it ensures the safety of drug use and strengthens the occupational protection of staff.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To introduce the operation instructions and routine maintenance method of horizontal laminar flow cabinet(HLFC) in PIVAS to provide reference for standardized operation of HLFC.METHODS:The standardized utilization and maintenance of HLFC in respects of compositions,operation principle,operation instructions,etc.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The standardized operation and correct maintenance can ensure the dispensation quality of intravenous drugs and extend service life of HLFC.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To introduce dispensing room of PIVAS in order to promote the realization of public to PIVAS.METHODS:Dispensing room of PIVAS was introduced in respects of the establishment of dispensing room,staff and health control.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The clean working environment,well-trained staff and strict health control ensure the quality of the dispensation of intravenous drugs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the clinical rational use of drug and to ensure safety of drug use.METHODS:The irrational medication orders of PIVAS in our hospital from Mar.to Aug.in 2009 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of total 859 339 medication orders,771 irrational medication orders accounted for 0.94‰,including excessive dosage,irrational compatibility and improper solvent selection,etc.CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacists can correct irrational medication order to improve rational use of drug by PIVAS.Moreover,PIVAS plays an important role in training clinical pharmacists.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To promote the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.METHODS:In drug dispension process,operation procedure was carried out strictly and different dispensing methods were adopted according to the characteristics of drugs.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Dispensing guidelines for common injection,insoluble drug and chemotherapy drugs were summarized and improved to promote quality of intravenous drugs dispension.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To explore how to strengthen self-protection of chemotherapy drug dispensing staff in PIVAS.METHODS:The protective equipment of PIVAS,caution of drug dispensing and solution for emergency were introduced.The way of strengthening self-protection of staff in PIVAS was explored.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Standardized operation procedures and clean operation environment are of great significance for the enhancement of professional protection of drug dispensing staff.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To improve the management of dispensing room in PIVAS in order to provide reference for standardized disposition of drugs.METHODS:The condition of the management of dispensing room of PIVAS in our hospital was introduced in respect of staff management,material management,disposition management,environment and equipment management.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The quality and efficiency of disposition of intravenous drugs are improved through improving management of above four aspects to guarantee the medication safety of patients.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To probe into the cost control in PIVAS of our hospital in order to provide reference for the effective cost control.METHODS:The status quo of cost control of PIVAS was analyzed to provide corresponding countermeasures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The effective cost control can be achieved through improving cost accounting,controlling cost and reducing running cost and labour cost to promote the healthy development of PIVAS.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the promotion of work efficiency of PIVAS.METHODS:The theory of bat-ch processing of PIVAS in our hospital was interpreted and its effect and problems were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Batch processing principal of background decision and foreground adjustment were adopted to allocate workload of different periods scientifically and improve working efficiency.Some problems existed in processing period require improvement of batch processing.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving safety of clinical pharmacy admixture service(PIVAS?DDS).METHODS:The main safety control measures for PIVAS?DDS in our hospital were introduced in respects of system establishment,staff,environment,safety of drug dispensing.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The safety of drug dispensing is greatly inhanced through bettering working system and operational procedure,improving the cleanliness of staff,standardizing regional plan and orientation of human and material resource,which plays an important role in safety of drug use in the clinic and occupational protection,etc.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To promote standardized management of PIVAS.METHODS:The experience of the management of PIVAS in our hospital was summarized to explore the suitable management model of PIVAS.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The efficiency and quality of PIVAS management is improved and the management of PIVAS is standardized by establishing operational procedure,management criteria,management group and evaluation standard.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for development of PIVAS.METHODS:Based on the practical condition of our hospital,the necessity of PIVAS and several key problems in the implementation process were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It is a natural tendency to establish PIVAS for the development of pharmacy.Several problems such as criteria for PIVAS establishment,charge standard,coverage of drug category and medication chronergy need to be further improved.
ABSTRACT
Objective To prepare microspheres of dextro ketoprofen ? cyclodextrin (S KP ? CD) for prolonging the drug releasing time in vitro . Methods Microspheres containing S KP ? CD were prepared by complex coacervation method with gelatin and acacia. Trap efficiency, drug loading, and drug content were determined. The dissolubility of S KP in the intestinal liquid was compared with that in the gastric liquid. Results In comparison with S KP, microspheres of S KP ? CD possessed slow releasing property. Conclusion Drug microspheres prepared by this simple, easy, and accurate method are of slow releasing property.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of quercetin on PGE 2 release and cyclooxygenase activity in IEC 6 cells stimulated by the serum of burned rats. Methods The PGE 2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and the changes of cyclooxygenase activity were determined by substrate fluorescence analysis. Results Stimulated by the serum of burned rats, the PGE 2 level increased first and then obviously decreased. Quercetin at 0.1 and 1.0 ?mol/L enhanced the PGE 2 level after the stimulation of IEC 6 cells for 24 h. There was no obvious change in total cyclooxygenase activity, but the activity ratio of COX 1 to COX 2 significantly decreased. Conclusion Quercetin might influence the release of cyclooxygenase metabolite PGE 2 through the regulation of COXs activity in IEC 6 cells.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of the mRNA expression and the intestinal mucosal cyclooxygenase (COXs) activity in scalded rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats inflicted with 30% TBSA III degree scalding were employed as the model. The changes of COX-1, COX-2 activities were determined by substrate fluorescence analysis and the mRNA expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA expressions and the activities of COX-2 in rat intestinal mucosa increased obviously after injury. But those of COX-1 exhibited lower range of change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathological mechanism of rat intestinal mucosa injury after scalding might be closely related to the COXs participation by different styles between the two enzymes.</p>