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Introducción: No hay lineamientos establecidos acerca del correcto anejo antitrombótico de pacientes con ectasia coronaria. Objetivos: Describir el manejo de pacientes con ectasia coronaria durante 12 años en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología en la Ciudad de México, México. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional. Se analizó una base de datos de 484 pacientes ingresados con síndrome coronario agudo, diagnosticado por angiografía de ectasia coronaria. Se obtuvo la clasificación de Markis y el anejo de los pacientes al alta, así como el seguimiento durante 12 años. La estadística fue descriptiva. Resultados: 14.6% de los pacientes recibieron monoterapia, el mas común fue el ácido acetil salicílico en el 7,8% seguido de acenocumarina en el 4.8% de los pacientes; el 25% fueron manejados con acenocumarina y ácido acetil salícíco más clopidogrel, 5,8% con terapia triple. La más común fue acenocumarina, acido acetil salicílico y clopidogrel en el 5%. conclusión: Solo hay recomendaciones con nivel de evidencia C. El tratamiento al alta de los pacientes con ectasia coronaria conel Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez es heterogénico y no está bien estandarizado, es necesario revisar las Guías de Práctica Clínica para estandarizarlo
Introduction: There are no established guidelines about the correct antibrombotic management of patients with coronary ectasia. Objectives: To describe the management of patients with coronary ectasia in a lapse of time of 12 years at the "Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez" Mexico. Methods: Observational retrospective study. We analyzed a database of 484 patients admitted to the INCICh diagnosed with coronary acute syndrome and angiographic diagnosis of coronary ectasia. We obtained information about the Markis classification and the treatment at the hospital discharge in a period of time of 12 years. Descriptive statistic was used. Results: 14.6% received monotherapy, the most common was aspirin in 7.8%, followed by acenocoumarin in 4.8% of patients. 25% of the total patients received acenocoumarin , aspirin and clopidogrel in 5%. Conclusions: There are only recommendations about the coronary artery disease treatment with a C level of evidence. The treatment in the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez is heterogneous and is not well standardized
Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Discharge , Coronary Thrombosis/therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Aftercare/trends , Dilatation, Pathologic/pathology , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Fibrinolytic AgentsABSTRACT
Background: Melasma, which is fairly common in Indians, causes signifi cant emotional and psychological impact. A Hindi instrument would be useful to assess the impact of melasma on the quality of life in Indian patients. Objective: To create a semantic equivalent of the original MELASQOL questionnaire in Hindi and validate it. Methods: A Hindi adaptation of the original MELASQOL (Hi-MELASQOL) was prepared using previously established guidelines. After pre-testing, the Hi-MELASQOL questionnaire was administered to 100 women with melasma visiting the out-patient registration counter of Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi. These women were also administered a Hindi equivalent of the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) questionnaire. Melasma area severity index (MASI) of all the participants was calculated. Results: The mean MASI score was 20.0 ± 7.5 and Hi-MELASQOL score was 37.19 ± 18.15; both were highly, positively and signifi cantly correlated. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory results. Physical health, emotional well-being and social life were the most adversely affected life domains. Limitations: It was a single-center study and the number of patients studied could have been larger. Conclusion: Hi-MELASQOL is a reliable and validated tool to measure the quality of life in Indians with melasma.
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Background: Gynaecomastia is defined as an enlargement of the mammary gland in men. Objective: To evaluate Aesthetic Results of Subdermal Mastectomy by means of Inferior Periareolar Incision. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross sectional and prospective study. We evaluate aesthetic results of Subdermal Mastectomy by means of Inferior Periareolar Incision using Analog visual Scale applied by an another Surgeon) and a Questionnaire (Auto Evaluation). Variables: Age, Clinical Symptoms, Evolution time, Complications and Aesthetic Results. Descriptive and Inferencial Statistic was used (Wilcoxon test). Results: Twelve patients, median age 27.5 (18-58) year-old. Nine (75%) patients presented pain, 4 (33.3%) bilateral gynaecomastia, 4 (33.3%) left and 4 (33.3%) right sided gynaecomastia. According to Simon Classification, 3 (25%) patients grade I; 2 (16.6%) IIa; 2 (16.6%) IIb and 5 (41.6%) III. No patient presented concomitant disease, 12 (100%) had normal secondary sexual characteristics. Six (50%) had hyperesthesia. The Aesthetic Evaluation made by a distinct Surgeon was as it follows, 10 (83.3%) had a ≤ 6 punctuation and 2 (16.6%) had ≥ seven (0 - 10, Analogue Visual Scale). Ranks for Aesthetic Aspect Evaluation made by the patients, before and after surgery were 2.54 (average after surgery) and 0.00 (average before surgery), Z -1.857, p=0.0063 (p<0.05, Wilcoxon). Conclusion: Subdermal Mastectomy should be in lower case by Inferior Periareolar Incision, it does not present severe complications however aesthetic results are undesirable.
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Introducción: El ejercicio físico como conducta promotora de salud contribuye a mantenerla y prevenir enfermedades crónicas, sin embargo, la práctica de ejercicio en adultos es insuficiente. Objetivo: conocer las etapas de cambio de la conducta de ejercicio y su relación con la autoeficacia en adultos sanos de 20 a 59 años de edad. Métodología: Estudio transversal; la muestra la constituyeron 200 adultos sanos; con un muestreo no probabilístico. Para la medición se utilizaron el Cuestionario de Etapas de Cambio de Ejercicio Forma Corta y la Escala Autoeficacia de Ejercicio; los datos se analizaron con el estadístico ANOVA de una vía, se determinó la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas, y se utilizó la prueba de Tuckey como prueba post hoc. Resultados: los hombres mostraron mayor autoeficacia y se ubicaron en etapas de ejercicio en comparación con las mujeres (p < 0.05); 64.5 % de los adultos sanos se ubicaron en las etapas de contemplación y preparación. Existen diferencias significativas de auto eficacia por etapas de cambio [F (3,196) = 28.850, p < 0.001]; la prueba post hoc de Tuckey mostró que a medida que las etapas de cambio avanzan el nivel de auto eficacia es mayor. Conclusiones: este estudio permitió verificar parcialmente el modelo transteórico en una muestra de adultos sanos de la ciudad de Puebla, México; ya que la creencia de poder llevar a cabo una conducta (autoeficacia) determina el cambio hacia comportamientos saludables mantenidos a largo plazo.
Background: physical exercise as an encouraging health conduct, contribute to maintain and prevent chronic diseases, however, the practice of exercising by adults ¡s insufficient. Objective: to know the steps of change of the conduct regarding exercise and is related with self-efficacy in healthy adults from 20 to 59 years. Methodology: transversal study; the sample was 200 healthy adults; with a non-probabilistic sampling. The Questionnaire of Phases of Change for exercising, short form and the Scale of Self-efficacy of exercising were utilized; the data were analyzed with ANOVA of one via; and the Tuckey's test was used as a post hoc test. Results: men showed greater self-efficacy and were placed ¡n phases of exercise compared with women (p < 0.05); 64.5 % of healthy adults were placed in the phases of contemplation and preparation. There are significant differences of self-efficacy for phases of change [F(3,196) = 28.850, p < 0.001]; the Tuckey's test showed that as long as the phases of change improve, the level of self-efficacy ¡s greater. Conclusions: this study verified the trans-theoretical model in a sample of healthy adults since the belief of carrying out a conduct (self-efficacy) determines a change throughout healthy behaviors that are maintained for a long term.
Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior , Aged , Exercise , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , Adult , Self Efficacy , Age and Sex Distribution , Young Adult , Middle Aged , MexicoABSTRACT
Objective. To determine the relationship between some clinical and psychosocial factors and the quality of life of a group of diabetic patients. Method. A cross sectional study was done with diabetic patients attending a primary care unit. Quality of life was evaluated with a verbal global scale. The clinical and psychosocial factors studied were: type of diabetes, duration of the disease, type of treatment, associated diseases, complications, metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin), treatment compliance, coping styles, negative attitude to disease, social support, and socioeconómica! level. Results. We interviewed 173 patients, most women (73%), most type 2 (95%). We found that being a woman was a factor negatively related to quality of life. Of clinical variables, only duration of disease was slightly correlated with quality of life (-0.14). Psychological and social variables were significantly correlated with quality of life. We performed a stepwise multiple regression analysis and we found that seven psychosocial variables explained 30% of variance of quality of life. Conclusions. Our results indicate that clinical factors did not correlate with quality of life. It is the way the patient lives with diabetes and not the diabetes by itself what affects the quality of life of diabetic patients. Some psychological and social variables were significantly related to quality of life of these patients.
Objetivo. Determinar la relación de algunos factores clínicos y psicosociales con la percepción global de la calidad de vida de pacientes con diabetes. Material y métodos. Se realizó un escrutinio transversal, de pacientes con diabetes en una clínica de medicina familiar del Seguro Social. La calidad de vida se evaluó con una escala global verbal. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables clínicas: tipo de diabetes, tiempo de evolución, tipo de tratamiento, enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones y el control metabólico. Las variables psicosociales estudiadas fueron: el conocimiento de la enfermedad, el apego al tratamiento, las formas de contender con la enfermedad, el impacto emocional producido por la misma y el apoyo social. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados con instrumentos previamente validados. Se determinó la hemoglobina glucosilada. Resultados. Fueron entrevistados 173 pacientes (73% mujeres), con un promedio de edad de 50.5 años para las mujeres y 51.5 para los hombres. La mayoría (95%) tenía diabetes tipo 2. Se determinó la relación entre las variables estudiadas y la calidad de vida. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que las mujeres tenían significativamente una menor calidad de vida (62.8 vs. 69.5). De los factores sociales, el nivel socioeconómico, el apoyo social y tener una pareja, correlacionaron positivamente con la calidad de vida. De los factores psicológicos, las formas de contención (evitación y resignación), el rechazo a la enfermedad y el impacto emocional correlacionaron negativamente con la calidad de vida. De las variables clínicas, sólo el tiempo de evolución tuvo una correlación discreta (r = - 0.14). En el análisis multivariado, siete variables psicosociales explicaron 30% de la varianza en la calidad de vida. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados indican que aparentemente los factores clínicos influyen poco sobre la calidad de vida. Consideramos que la calidad de vida, medida de forma global, subjetiva, depende en un gran porcentaje de la forma en la que los pacientes viven la enfermedad más que de las características de la misma.