ABSTRACT
Introduction: Filling ability of retrograde cavity and porosity are important properties for root-end filling materials and may be evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Objective: To evaluate filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Material and method: Cavities with 1 mm internal diameter and 3 mm depth were prepared in bovine dentin sections by using ultrasonic tips (CVD No. 6.1107-6), and filled by Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA); Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). Before and after filling, cavities were scanned by using micro-CT (SkyScan 1176). Filling and porosity were analyzed by using CTAn software. Filling ability was calculated based on volumetric percentage of the filled cavity. The number and percentage of closed pores were measured throughout entire extension of the filled cavity (total) and in each third (cervical, middle and apical), by using bi and tridimensional analyses. The filling data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests, and porosity data to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests, at a 5% significance level. Result: S26 and ZOE presented higher filling ability than MTA (p<0.05). S26 showed the highest total porosity (number and percentage) (p<0.05). In all thirds after 2D and 3D analyses, porosity was higher for S26 in comparison to MTA and ZOE (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although Sealer 26 presented more porosity, the material was associated with a great filling ability. Micro-CT analysis showed no correlation between filling ability and porosity.
Introdução: Capacidade de preenchimento da cavidade retrógrada e porosidade são propriedades importantes de materiais retrobturadores e podem ser avaliadas por meio de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade de preenchimento e porosidade de materiais retrobturadores por meio de micro-CT. Material e método: Cavidades com 1 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de altura foram preparadas em dentina bovina utilizando pontas ultrassônicas (CVD No. 6.1107-6) e foram preenchidas com Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA), Sealer 26 (S26) e cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE). As cavidades foram escaneadas em micro-CT antes e após o preenchimento. A capacidade de preenchimento foi calculada com base na porcentagem em volume, das cavidades preenchidas. O número e porcentagem dos poros fechados foram avaliados em toda extensão da cavidade preenchida (total) e por terços (cervical, médio e apical) por meio de análises bi e tridimensionais. Os dados de preenchimento foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey e a porosidade aos testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: S26 e OZE apresentaram maior capacidade de preenchimento que o MTA (p<0,05). S26 mostrou maior porosidade total (em número e porcentagem) (p<0,05). Em todos os terços, após as análises 2D e 3D, a porosidade foi maior para S26 em comparação ao MTA e OZE (p<0,05). Conclusão: Embora Sealer 26 tenha apresentado maior porosidade, o material foi associado a uma adequada capacidade de preenchimento. A análise em micro-CT mostrou ausência de correlação entre capacidade de preenchimento e porosidade.
Subject(s)
Cattle , Analysis of Variance , Porosity , Dental Materials , Endodontics , X-Ray Microtomography , CattleABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To evaluate solubility, dimensional stability, filling ability and volumetric change of root-end filling materials using conventional tests and new Micro-CT-based methods. Material and Methods Solubility (loss of mass) after 7 and 30 days, and dimensional stability (in mm) were evaluated in accordance with Carvalho-Junior, et al. 7 (2007). The filling ability and volumetric change (in mm3) were evaluated by Micro-CT (Bruker-MicroCT, Kontich, Belgium) using resin models with cavities 3 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter. The cavities were filled with materials to evaluate filling ability, and then scanned by Micro-CT. After 7 and 30 days immersed in distilled water, the filled cavities were scanned again to evaluate the volumetric change. MTA Angelus (MTA), Biodentine (BIO) and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (ZOE) were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test with 5% significance level. Results The results suggested correlated or complementary data between the proposed tests. At 7 days, BIO showed higher solubility and at 30 days, showed higher volumetric change in comparison with MTA (p<0.05). With regard to volumetric change, the tested materials were similar (p>0.05) at 7 days. At 30 days, they presented similar solubility. BIO and MTA showed higher dimensional stability than ZOE (p<0.05). ZOE and BIO showed higher filling ability (p<0.05). Conclusions ZOE presented a higher dimensional change, and BIO had greater solubility after 7 days. BIO presented filling ability and dimensional stability, but greater volumetric change than MTA after 30 days. Micro-CT can provide important data on the physicochemical properties of materials complementing conventional tests.
Subject(s)
Oxides/chemistry , Root Canal Filling Materials/chemistry , Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement/chemistry , Bismuth/chemistry , Silicates/chemistry , Calcium Compounds/chemistry , X-Ray Microtomography/methods , Reference Values , Solubility , Time Factors , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Models, DentalABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate solubility and sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and root-end filling materials. Material and Methods The materials evaluated were: MTA, Calcium Silicate Cement with zirconium oxide (CSC/ZrO2), and zinc oxide/eugenol (ZOE). Solubility test was performed according to ANSI/ADA. The difference between initial and final mass of the materials was analyzed after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. Retrograde cavities in human teeth with single straight root canal were performed by using ultrasonic tip CVD 9.5107-8. The cavities were filled with the evaluated materials to evaluate sealing ability using the bacterial leakage test with Enterococcus faecalis. Bacterial leakage was evaluated every 24 hours for six weeks observing the turbidity of Brain Heart infusion (BHI) medium in contact with root apex. Data were submitted to ANOVA followed by Tukey tests (solubility), and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (sealing ability) at a 5% significance level. Results For the 7-day period, ZOE presented highest solubility when compared with the other groups (p<0.05). For the 30-day period, no difference was observed among the materials. Lower bacterial leakage was observed for MTA and CSC/ZrO2, and both presented better results than ZOE (p<0.05). Conclusion MTA and CSC/ZrO2 presented better bacterial sealing capacity, which may be related to lower initial solubility observed for these materials in relation to ZOE.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aluminum Compounds/chemistry , Calcium Compounds/chemistry , Dental Leakage/microbiology , Eugenol/chemistry , Oxides/chemistry , Root Canal Filling Materials/chemistry , Silicates/chemistry , Zinc Oxide/chemistry , Zirconium/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Dental Cavity Lining , Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology , Drug Combinations , Enterococcus faecalis , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Retrograde Obturation/methods , Solubility , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time FactorsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os materiais retro-obturadores MTA, Cimento Portland associado a 30% de óxido de zircônio (CP/ZrO2) e óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE). Para análise microtomográfica da alteração volumétrica, cavidades retrógradas foram confeccionadas em dentina bovina e preenchidas com os materiais experimentais, sendo analisados pelo microtomógrafo Sky Scan 1176. A avaliação de solubilidade foi realizada de acordo com normas ISO 6876, por meio da diferença de massa inicial e após 7 dias de imersão em água destilada. A análise da capacidade seladora bacteriana foi realizada em dentes humanos extraídos. Cavidades retrógradas confeccionadas foram preenchidas de acordo com os materiais experimentais (n=12), além do controle positivo (n=8), sem preenchimento, e controle negativo (n=8), com impermeabilização em toda extensão. As amostras foram submetidas à infiltração utilizando cepas de Enteroccocus faecalis (ATCC 29212) em meio de cultura BHI, sendo observadas diariamente por 60 dias e a infiltração avaliada pela turbidez do meio. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey para solubilidade e alteração volumétrica, e Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn para capacidade seladora bacteriana. Na análise de solubilidade, não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos. A análise volumétrica demonstrou maior diminuição de volume para o OZE. Também foi observada maior infiltração bacteriana para o OZE. Conclui-se que MTA e CP/ZrO2 apresentam maior capacidade seladora bacteriana, que pode estar relacionada à menor alteração volumétrica.
The present study evaluated different properties of the root end sealers MTA, Portland cement with de 30% zirconium oxide (PC/ZrO2) and zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE). To analyze the volumetric changes by computed microtomography, bovine teeth were used in which the prepared cavities in dentine were filled according to the materials and then analyzed by Sky Scan 1176. The solubility evaluation was in accordance with ISO 6876 standards, from the difference of the original mass and after 7 days of immersion in distilled water. For analysis of bacterial sealing capacity, extracted human teeth were used. Retrograde cavities were filled according with experimental materials (n=12), besides a positive control (n = 8), no fill, and a negative control (n = 8), with waterproofing to the fullest extent. The samples were subjected to infiltration using Enteroccocus faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) in BHI culture, and observed daily for 60 days and infiltration evaluated by turbidity of the medium. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests for solubility and volumetric change, and Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn for bacterial infiltration. In the analysis of solubility, no statistically significant difference between groups. In the analysis of solubility, no statistically significant difference between groups. Volumetric analysis showed greater volumetric reduction for ZOE, as well as greater bacterial infiltration. It was concluded that MTA and CP/ZrO2 have larger bacterial sealing ability, which may be related to lower volumetric changes observed