ABSTRACT
In many countries, especially in developing countries, diarrheal diseases are among the most important causes of mortality. In these countries, due to availability of transfer conditions of parasitic infections, [pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasite] the prevalence of these disorders is high. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites causing diarrhea in Gorgan. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1086 patients with acute diarrhea using wet-mount method and formalin-ether concentration test, according to WHO protocol. of 1086, 197 [18.1%] are infected with intestinal parasites, 141 [13%] with Protozoa and 79 [7.27%] with intestinal worms. The prevalence, using wet-mount method, of Entamoeba histolytica is 69 [6.4%], Giardia lamblia is 27 [2.5%], entamoeba coli is 15 [1.4%] and chilomastix mesnili is 8 [0.7%]. With formalin-ether method, Hymenolepis nana in 26 [2.4%], Trichostrongylus in 16 [1.5%], Enterobius vermicularis in 10 [0.9%] are observed. The high prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica shows the leading role of this parasite in causing acute diarrhea. Having knowledge about epidemiology and applying rapid diagnostic procedures can be helpful to promote public health
ABSTRACT
Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed stuff is a serious health problem and significant economic concerns. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of Candida parapsilosis IP1698 on mycelial growth and aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus species was investigated. Mycelial growth inhibitions of nine strains of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species in the presence of C. parapsilosis investigated by pour plate technique at different pH, temperature and time of incubation. Reduction of aflatoxin was evaluated in co-cultured fungi in yeast extract sucrose broth after seven days of incubation using HPLC method. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. The presence of the C. parapsilosis at different pH did not affect significantly the growth rate of Aspergillm isolates. On the other hand, temperature and time of incubation showed to be significantly effective when compared to controls without C. parapsilosis [P<0.05]. In aflatoxigenic strains, minimum percentage of reductions in total aflatoxin and BI, 62, Gi, G2 fractions were 92.98, 92.54, 77.48, 54.54 and 72.22 and maximum percentage of reductions were 99.59, not detectable, 94.42, and not detectable in both GI and G2, respectively. C parapsilosis might employ as a good biocontrol agent against growth and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species