ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the common conditions associated with mandibular canal widening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: General search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Scopus were used to find relevant studies by using the following keywords: “mandibular canal,” “alveolar canal,” “inferior alveolar nerve canal,” “inferior dental canal,” “inferior mandibular canal,” “widening,” “enlargement,” “distension,” “expansion,” and “dilation.” RESULTS: In total, 130 articles were found, of which 80 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 38 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the data were compiled, the following 7 lesions were found to have a relationship with mandibular canal widening: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, osteosarcoma, schwannoma, neurofibroma, vascular malformation/hemangioma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, and perineural spreading or invasion. CONCLUSION: When clinicians encounter a lesion associated with mandibular canal widening, they should immediately consider these entities in the differential diagnosis. Doing so will help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop better treatment plans based on patients' radiographs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dentists , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Mandibular Nerve , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia , Neurilemmoma , Neurofibroma , Odontogenic Cysts , Odontogenic Tumors , Osteosarcoma , Search EngineABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory augmentation response of the heart due to pressure overload that can lead to heart failure. Carvacrol is considered as the major compound of many plants, that possesses strong antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to evaluate effect of carvacrol on catalase activity and mRNA expression following left ventricular hypertrophy in rats
Materials and Methods: In the current study, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups [n=7]. Intact animals served as the control group [C], some rats were subjected to supra renal aortic banding without any treatment [H] in order to induce left ventricular hypertrophy, and some rats were pretreated with different doses of carvacrol [25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day in H+C25, H+C50 and H+C75 groups respectively]. Serum and cardiac catalase [CAT] activity was determined by the biochemical methods. CAT mRNA expression was assessed using real-time polymeras chain reaction
Results: In H+C50 and H+C75 groups, the CAT activity was significantly higher in the left ventricular tissues [47.5 +/- 20 and 42 +/- 13.6, vs. H 22.4 +/- 17 U/mg protein respectively]. Serum CAT activity was increased in H+C50 and H+C75 groups [p<0.001], and CAT mRNA expression was increased in H+C50 group [p<0.05], as well
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that Carvacrol may protect the heart against left ventricular hypertrophy via augmentation of CAT mRNA expression and activity
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Background and Aims: our previous study has demonstrated that essence of Carum copticum reduces contraction activity of ileum in rat. The present study was designed to find out the effects of nonpolar fraction of Carum copticum essence [NFCCE] on mechanical activity of the isolated ileum in rat
Materials and Methods: for evaluation of spasmolythic property of fraction, different doses of the solution were added to organ bath after acetylcholine with concentration of 10-4 molar [M], and for assessment of antispasmodic effect of fraction, different doses of the solution were added to the organ bath before acetylcholine with concentration of 10-9 up to 10-2 M. Then isotonic contractions of ileum were recorded through an isolated tissue chamber in an organ bath using oscillographic device
Results: our findings showed that the spasmolytic effect of NFCCE in concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ng/ml significantly reduces acetylcholine [10-4M]- induced contractions [p< 0.05]. Also antispasmodic effect of NFCCE on logarithmic concentrations of acetylcholine [10-9 up to 10-2M] indicates that in the presence of 10-3 M acetylcholine, the maximum [100%] and minimum [84.9%], inhibition of contraction is induced by concentrations of 100 ng/ml and 25 ng/ml, respectively [p< 0.05]
Conclusions: the spasmolytic effect of this study is probably resulted by anticholinergic response of NFCCE on isolated ileum of rats
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Background and Aims: there has been scant information concerning antihypertrophic effects of vitamin D specifically on its cellular and molecular mechanisms. Sirtuin 1 [SIRT1] is regarded as a key deacetylase enzyme in cardiomyocytes which applies potential cardioprotective effects by functional regulation of different proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the hypertrophic markers and cardiac level of SIRT1 mRNA in rats following the aortic banding
Material and Methods: in this study, male Wistar rats [170-220g] were used, which were divided into 4 groups: rats subjected to hypertrophy without treatment [H], rats pretreated with 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [H+VD], rats received propyleneglycol as a vitamin solvent [H+P], and intact animals which were elected as the control group. Arterial blood pressure was directly measured by the carotid cannulation. Transcription level of target genes was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction technique
Results: in H+VD group, systolic blood pressure as well as heart weight-to-body weight ratio decreased significantly compared to the group H [P<0.01]. Moreover, regarding hypertrophy marker genes in H+VD group, both atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA [H+VD: 64.8+/-14% vs. H: 127+/-26%; P<0.05] and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA [H+VD: 25.6+/-6% vs. H: 84.2+/-12%; P<0.01] levels decreased significantly. SIRT1 mRNA level was increased by 56.8+/-14% in group H and by 42.6+/-12% in group H+VD which were significant in comparison to the control group [P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively]. No significant difference was noted between H+VD and H groups
Conclusions: the results of the present study revealed that administration of 1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D decreases myocardial hypertrophy markers in rats following the abdominal aortic banding. The pressure overload-induced hypertrophy accompanies with SIRT1 mRNA upregulation, though antihypertrophic effects of vitamin did not nparticipate in SIRT1 transcription level
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Precocious puberty, as early physical development and low final height might lead to psychosocial problems. To evaluate etiology and clinical feature of precocious puberty in a cohort of Iranian children. In this case-series study, 44 girls and 8 boys with precocious puberty referred to Endocrine Research Centre [Firouzgar], Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism [Hemmat Campus], were examined in a 10 years period of time. Mean age of girls and boys was 7.43 +/- 1.4 years and 5.8 +/- 2.1 years respectively. most of the patients fell within the age category of 7-7.9 years old [40.9% for girls and 50% for boys]. Patients, concerning etiology of precocious puberty were classified in three categories: 42.6% of patients had central precocious puberty [CPP], including idiopathic CPP [87.5%] and neurogenic CPP [12.5%]. 23.3% of patients had peripheral precocious puberty [PPP], including congenital adrenal hyperplasia [CAH] [42.8%], ovarian cysts [28.4%], McCune-Albright syndrome [14.2%] and adrenal carcinoma [14.2%]. 34.1% of girls and 25% of boys had normal variant puberty including premature thelarche p57%], premature adrenarche [38%] as well as premature menarche [4.7%1]. The most common etiology of precocious puberty in girls was idiopathic central precocious puberty and premature thelarche, while in boys they were neurogenic central precocious puberty and CAH. Therefore precocious puberty in girls is usually benign. In boys, CNS anomalies should first be considered in the differential diagnosis of CPP. Therefore brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] is mandatory in all cases