ABSTRACT
Piper nigrum L. is considered the king of spices throughout the world due to its pungent principle piperine. Peppercorn of Piper nigrum as a whole or its active components are used in most of the food items. Different parts of Piper nigrum including secondary metabolites are also used as drug, preservative, insecticidal and larvicidal control agents. Biologically Piper nigrum is very important specie. The biological role of this specie is explained in different experiments that peppercorn and secondary metabolites of Piper nigrum can be used as Antiapoptotic, Antibacterial, Anti-Colon toxin, Antidepressant, Antifungal, Antidiarrhoeal, Anti-inflammatory, Antimutagenic, Anti-metastatic activity, Antioxidative, Antiriyretic, Antispasmodic, Antispermatogenic, Antitumor, Antithyroid, Ciprofloxacin potentiator, Cold extremities, Gastric ailments, Hepatoprotective, Insecticidal activity, Intermittent fever and Larvisidal activity. Other roles of this specie includes protection against diabetes induced oxidative stress; Piperine protect oxidation of various chemicals, decreased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, inhibition of aryl hydroxylation, increased bioavailability of vaccine and sparteine, increase the bioavailability of active compounds, delayed elimination of antiepileptic drug, increased orocecal transit time, piperine influenced and activate the biomembrane to absorb variety of active agents, increased serum concentration, reducing mutational events, tumour inhibitory activity, Piperine inhibite mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, growth stimulatory activity and chemopreventive effect. This review based on the biological role of Piper nigrum can provide that the peppercorn or other parts can be used as crude drug for various diseases while the secondary metabolites such as piperine can be used for specific diseases.
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants play an important role in cure of Diabetes mellitus all over the world. The aim of this paper is compile data to investigate the effects of plant extract, compounds and active constituents against diabetes. The present review is therefore, an effort to give specifically literature on the pharmaceutically important species of genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) with anti diabetic properties, reported in the literature from 2000-2010. Our literature survey showed that there is no comprehensive and systematic data on genus Ficus with particularly emphasis on antidiabetic potential based on clinical trials is published elsewhere. There are about 850 species of genus Ficus worldwide and among them only 6 species reported to use against diabetes. The profile presented includes its methodology used and their bioactive agents with anti diabetic activity. The species of genus ficus include: Ficus bengalensis L., Ficus carica L., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus hispida L. f., Ficus microcarpa L.f., and Ficus religiosa L. Among these, Ficus microcarpa L. f., and Ficus hispida L.f., are incorporated first time in this review to be used against diabetes by using experimental animals. Based on biochemical and histological findings, it can be concluded that these plants may develop the healing action of diabetic complications and reflected anti diabetic potential through its glucose lowering activity in alloxan or streptozotocin induced diabetic laboratory animals.
ABSTRACT
The present paper deals with species of genus Ficus L. used for the treatment of diabetes by different communities in Pakistan. Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome of disordered metabolism in which β cells damaged or work improperly, it is caused by hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels. In this present investigation, it is observed that the local communities and herbal practitioners use 8 species of genus Ficus (Moraceae) F. bengalensis, F. virens, F. racemosa, F. carica, F. lacor, F. hispida and F. microcarpa to treat diabetes in Pakistan. Plant specimens collected, identified, preserved and mounted were deposited in the department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan for future references.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the current study is to investigate the potential of Carica papaya leaves extracts against Dengue fever in 45 year old patient bitten by carrier mosquitoes. For the treatment of Dengue fever the extract was prepared in water. 25 mL of aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves was administered to patient infected with Dengue fever twice daily i.e. morning and evening for five consecutive days. Before the extract administration the blood samples from patient were analyzed. Platelets count (PLT), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Neutrophils (NEUT) decreased from 176×103/μL, 8.10×10 3/μL, 84.0% to 55×10 3/μL, 3.7×10 3/μL and 46.0%. Subsequently, the blood samples were rechecked after the administration of leaves extract. It was observed that the PLT count increased from 55×103/μL to 168×10 3/μL, WBC from 3.7×10 3/μL to 7.7×10 3/μL and NEUT from 46.0% to 78.3%. From the patient feelings and blood reports it showed that Caricapapaya leaves aqueous extract exhibited potential activity against Dengue fever. Furthermore, the different parts of this valuable specie can be further used as a strong natural candidate against viral diseases.