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Background Overweight/obesity in children are a global health issue. Preschool age is an important stage of children's growth and development and dietary behaviors, so it is crucial to explore dietary behavior characteristics and childhood overweight/obesity. Objective To explore the association between dietary behavior characteristics and overweight/obesity in preschool children in Shanghai, and the consistency of children's eating behavior characteristics with their parents'. Methods The children aged 3 to 6 years in 5 kindergartens in Shanghai in 2015 were selected by convenience sampling and surveyed. Their height and weight were measured. Children's and parents' dietary behavior characteristics were self-reported by their parents. According to the weight-for-height recommended by the World Health Organization, excess weight was calculated by the following formula: excess-weight%=[(measured weight - standard weight)/standard weight×100%]; obese is determined at excess-weight% > 20%, overweight: excess-weight% at 10%-20%, normal weight: excess-weight% at −10%-<10%. Chi-squared test and t test were used to compare the differences of demographic and dietary behavior characteristics between overweight/obese and normal weight children. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary behaviors and overweight/obesity. The consistency of dietary behavior characteristics was tested between children and their parents. Results Among the 897 preschool children, 217 (24.2%) were overweight/obese and 680 (75.8%) were of normal weight. The birth weight [(3439±472) g vs. (3361±418) g] and proportion of monthly household income < 10000 yuan (17.1% vs. 10.7%) in the overweight/obese children were significantly higher than those in the normal weight children, and there were no statistical differences in sex, age, gestational age, time of adding complementary foods, outdoor activities after school every day, and parental BMI. After adjusting for potential confounders such as sex, age, household income, outdoor activities after school every day, and parental overweight/obesity, frequently having puffed food (OR=2.46, 95%CI: 1.20-4.95), western-style fast food (OR=3.52, 95%CI: 1.41-8.79), and carbonated drinks (OR=2.92, 95%CI: 1.37-6.13), often eating a lot (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.09-2.08) and having a good appetite (OR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.87-3.62), having regular meals (OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.07-2.03), and fast eating (OR=3.37, 95%CI: 2.10-5.42) were positively associated with children's overweight/obesity (P<0.05). Children's partial/picky eating was inconsistent with fathers' behavior (P<0.05), while the other dietary behaviors were similar with both mothers' and fathers'. Conclusion Eating behavior characteristics of preschool children are associated with overweight/obesity, and affected by their parents. Early identifying dietary behavior problems and improving dietary habits of children might be an effective strategy in preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of obesity in childhood.
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To determine the association of high birth weight [HBW] with the risk of obesity in childhood and adolescence. We also aimed to explore the interactions of HBW with physical activity and dietary habits. In a birth cohort born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 in Wuxi, China, subjects with a birth weight [BW] of >/= 4000 g were selected as the exposed group. For each exposed subject, one non-exposed subject with a BW of 2500-3999 g, matched by year of birth, gender, and type of institute at birth was chosen. Two follow-ups were performed from October 2005 to February 2007 and July 2010 to December 2011. A total of 1108 exposed and 1128 non-exposed subjects were included. Overweight/obesity rates were significantly higher in the exposed group [16.2% in childhood and 14.2% in adolescence] than those in the non-exposed group [12.1% in childhood and 8.2% in adolescence]. There was no significant interaction between BW and the growth period [F=2.10, p=0.147]. The relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] of HBW with physical activity was -0.20 [95% CI=-2.85-2.45], and the RERI of HBW with dietary habits was 1.19 [95% CI=0.14-2.23]. Infants with HBW are at increased risk of childhood and adolescent overweight/obesity, and this relationship is not influenced by the growth period. There is an additive interaction between HBW and dietary habits
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Humans , Female , Male , Overweight , Obesity , Child , AdolescentABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of high birth weight (HBW) on blood pressure (BP) during childhood.Methods A total of 1435 couples with high or normal birth weight were selected from a birth cohort who were born between 1993 and 1995 in Wuxi,China and,followed between 2005 and 2007.A questionnaire survey was conducted,with their height,weight and blood pressure measured.Results The medians of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP)of HBW group were 100 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶90-110 mm Hg),64 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶60-70 mm Hg) in the high birth weight group,respectively,while they were 100 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶90-108 mm Hg),62 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶60-70 mm Hg) in the normal weight group.No statistical significant difference was found between the exposed and unexposed groups.The proportion of elevated BP,including prehypertension and hypertension,in exposed group was 13.66％,a bit higher than that (11.57％) of the unexposed group (P ＝ 0.055).The relative risk (RR) of HBW on elevated BP was 1.06 (0.92-1.21),after adjusted the following parameters as BMI in childhood,sex,age during the follow-up period,age of mother at delivery,gestational age,type of feeding at infancy,dietary habit as well as the frequencies of exercise during childhood.Conclusion No statistically significant correlation was found between high birth weight and blood pressure of children.
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Objective To explore the effect and heaviness of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality.Methods A total of 727 eligible subjects including 421 smokers and 306 nonsmokers were selected in 2004-2006 in Hebei,Shanxi,Guizhou,Zhejiang and Shandong provinces.Data on background information,general demographic characteristics,exposure to smoking and related confounding factors were obtained through a questionnaire survey.Semen samples of all the subjects were collected during the period of study.Parameters of semen were examined according to the manual recommended by WHO.Results Four models from the multiple logistic regression regarding the semen routine parameters were used as the dependent variables to be fitted in descending order respectively,while six confounders including area,age,abstinence time,education level,history of alcohol intake and the exposure to pesticides atc.,were adjusted.Results showed that smoking could affect the sperm viability,with significantly higher proportion of abnormal sperm viability seen in the smoking group (OR= 1.77,95％ CI:1.12-2.80).Proportions regarding the abnormal mobility and morphology of sperms in the smoking group were also significantly higher than in the control group,with OR values as 1.51 (95％CI:1.00-2.27) and 2.55 (95％CI:1.68-3.88) respectively.The density of sperms was significantly decreased in the smoking groups who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (OR= 1.70,95％CI:1.05-2.76) or the total numbers of cigarette consumption exceeding 150 000(OR=1.84,95％CI:1.03-3.29).Conclusion Smoking showed adverse effects on the quality of semens,especially for heavy or long-term smokers.
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Objective To explore the genotoxicity of formaldehyde to mice.Methods Mice were exposed to formaldehyde of several concentrations(1.25,0.50,and 5.00 mg/m3) in the toxicant exposure chamber,2 h/d for 15 consecutive days.Bone marrow micronuclei test and single cell gel electrophoresis were employed to test the genotoxicity.Results Compared with the control group,a significant increase in the rate of micronuclei and the DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes in experimental groups were found.As to the rate of micronuclei and DNA damage,an obvious dose-effect relationship was showed.Conclusion Formaldehyde has a genotoxic effect for mice,much more attention should be paid in this research field.