ABSTRACT
Objective To identify the spatial distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis spread in Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into precision O. hupensis snail control in the province. Methods Data pertaining to emerging and reemerging snails were collected from Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022 to build a spatial database of O. hupensis snail spread. The spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread was identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and the hot spots of snail spread were identified using kernel density estimation. In addition, the correlation between environments with snail spread and the distance from the Yangtze River was evaluated using nearest-neighbor analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results O. hupensis snail spread mainly occurred along the Yangtze River and Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, with a total spread area of 4 320.63 hm2, including 1 230.77 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 3 089.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial autocorrelation in the O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province in 2020 and 2021, appearing a spatial clustering pattern (Moran’s I = 0.003 593 and 0.060 973, both P values < 0.05), and the mean density of spread snails showed spatial aggregation in Hubei Province in 2020 (Moran’s I = 0.512 856, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high clustering areas of spread snails were mainly distributed in 50 settings of 10 counties (districts) in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and the high-high clustering areas of the mean density of spread snails were predominantly found in 219 snail habitats in four counties of Jiangling, Honghu, Yangxin and Gong’an. Kernel density estimation showed that there were high-, secondary high- and medium-density hot spots in snail spread areas in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, which were distributed in Jingzhou District, Wuxue District, Honghu County and Huangzhou District, respectively. There were high- and medium-density hot spots in the mean density of spread snails, which were located in Jiangling County, Honghu County and Yangxin County, respectively. In addition, the snail spread areas negatively correlated with the distance from the Yangtze River (r = −0.108 9, P < 0.05). Conclusions There was spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022. The monitoring and control of O. hupensis snails require to be reinforced in the clustering areas, notably in inner embankments to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of hysteroscopy in elder women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and asymptomatic postmenopausal women with a thickened endometrium.Methods Fifty-three cases in the AUB group and seventy-eight cases in the endometrial hyperplasia group underwent hysteroscopy examination and hysteroscopy-guided biopsy,then the hysteroscopic and histopathological results were compared between the two groups.Results Of the 131 cases,the normal endometrium accounted for 29.8％ (n=39),endometrial polyp for 49.6％ (n=65),submucous myomas for 4.6％ (n=6),hyperplasia endometrii for 6.1％(n=8) and endometrial carcinoma for 9.9％ (n=13).Both the AUB group and theendometrial hyperplasia group had 8 cases of endometrial carcinoma (15.1％,6.4％,respectively).For the diagnosis of normal endometrium with hysteroscopy,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 88％,97％,94％ and 95％,respectively,in the AUB group,versus 82％,95％,86％ and 93％,respectively,in the endometrial hyperplasia group.For the endometrial polyps,hysteroscopy showed a sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of 100％,79％,74％,100％,respectively,in the AUB group and 98％,88％,92％,97％,respectively,in the endometrial hyperplasia group.For the endometrial cancer,hysteroscopy had a sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of 75％,100％,100％ and 96％,respectively,in the AUB group;while in the endometrial hyperplasia group,the sensitivity was 80％,the specificity and PPV were 100％,and the NPV was 99％.Conclusions In elder females,hysteroscopy allows for an accurate diagnosis in endometrial disease,and hysteroscopically directed sampling is mandatory,even if the uterine cavity appears normal at hysteroscopy,to rule out endometrial neoplasms.
ABSTRACT
Spontaneous miscarriage is the most common complication of the first trimester,among which 90% are early miscarriage that occurs prior to the 12th week of the gestation.Low progesterone level may be the main cause of the early miscarriage.This article discusses the incidence,pathogenesis,progesterone treatment,and prediction marker of early miscarriage to provide clues for the clinical work.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regulations of antibacterials-induced adverse drug reactions (ADR) in our hospital,and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use. METHODS:233 patients with antibacterials-in-duced ADR in our hospital from Oct. 2013 to Jun. 2015 were selected and analyzed statistically according to patient's age and gen-der,route of administration,the type of antibacterials,occurrence time,organs/systems involved in ADR,etc. RESULTS:There were a large number of ADR in patients age ≤18 and ≥70 years,accounting for 19.3% and 18.5%;the male was more than the female;the incidence of ADR induced by intravenous route was the highest,accounting for 94.0%. Most of ADR was caused by cephalosporins,accounting for 33.9%;ADR often occurred within 1 d after medication,accounting for 63.9%;lesion of skin and its appendants injury was main ADR,accounting for 39.3%. CONCLUSIONS:Adhere to theclear indications,a detailed inqui-ry about allergy history before drug use,right dose,suitable route of administration and course,and timely ADR disposal can re-duce the damage caused by ADR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the influence of meteorological factors on Oncomelania density in natural condition and provide scientific evidence for the control of the spread of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania.Methods Based on the Oncomelania survey data in spring and ground meteorological observation data of Qianjiang from 1990 to 2014, the first-order autoregressive analysis method was used for trend fitting and disassemble, and the correlation between the change rate of Oncomelania density and various meteorological factors in different periods were analyzed.Results The greatest influence of meteorological factors on Oncomelania density was temperature,followed by precipitation.The average minimum temperature in January and from December to February had predominant influence on Oncomelania density and frame occurrence rate of living Oncomelania (FORLO) respectively.The rise (fall) of average minimum temperature in January by 1 ℃ would lead to the increase (decrease) of Oncomelania density by 5.080％-6.710％;The rise (fall) of average minimum temperature from December to February by 1 ℃ would lead to the increase (decrease) of FORLO by 15.521％-15.928％.The period with the biggest influence of precipitation on Oncomelania density was from November to April, as the rainfall declined ＞20％, drought might occur, which would cause the reduction of Oncomelania density.Sunshine from September to November had some correlations with the change of Oncomelania density and FORLO.Statistical regression models for the change of Oncomelania density, FORLO and meteorological factors based on correlation analysis were established respectively.Conclusion Weed removal in Oncomelania areas before December is beneficial to reduce the surface temperature and soil moisture content, which would result in Oncomelania density reduction in some extent.It' s notable that the winter temperature is in rise in Hubei province along with global climate change, causing the Oncomelania density to increase, to which more attention should be paid.
ABSTRACT
To assess the effect of cystocele (anterior pelvic organ prolapse,AOP)or stress urinary incontinence (SUI) on sex life quality in postmenopausal women under 65 years and observe the change of sex life quality after individualized surgical repair and tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O).The postmenopausal patients aged 48 to 65 years at Beijing Hospital were observed from June 2008 to December 2010.They were divided into 3 groups of AOP (n =52),SUI (n =30) and control without gynecological and urinary system diseases on routine examinations (n =25).Their sexual life qualities were evaluated by pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ-31)with 31 items before treatment and at 3,6 months after surgical treatment in AOP and SUI groups.The sexual life quality scores were significantly lower in SUI group than those in control and AOP groups(P ＜ 0.01).It significantly increased after TVT-O treatment(P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference after treatment when compared with that before treatment in POP group.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prolift pelvic reconstructive surgery for advanced pelvic organ prolapse in elderly patients,and to investigate its impact on pelvic floor function and sexual function.Methods Totally 42 patients aged 60-79 years with advanced pelvic organ prolapse [Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stage Ⅲ,n=30; POP-Q Ⅳ,n=12)were selected in this study.All patients underwent total Prolift procedure,and were followed up at month 1 and 6 after operation.Operation time,bleeding volume and postoperative complications were recorded.The impact of total Prolift procedure on pelvic floor function in patients were assessed by pelvic floor distress inventory short form 20 (PFDI-20),the pelvic floor incontinence questionnaire 7 (PFIQ-7) and the pelvic organ prolapsed and incontinence sexual quality questionnaire 31 (PISQ-31).Results The operative time was (35-78) minutes[mean time:(42±25) minutes].Bleeding volume was (50 300) ml [mean volume:(137±58) ml].No bladder injury,rectum injury and postoperative complications were observed.All patients were cured,and no one recurred.The scores of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 were decreased in patients after sugery at 1 and 6-month follow-up as compared with beforesugery (4.5±1.4,0 vs.47.9±12.2; 7.8±4.3,0 vs.76.3±17.9,respectively,all P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in scores of PFIQ-7 between before and after sugery at 1-and 6-months follow-up (52.3±4.3 vs.49.8±6.3,51.1±6.5,P＞0.05).Conclusions Prolift pelvic reconstructive surgery is an safe and effective treatment for advanced pelvic organ prolapse,which can significantly improve quality of life in elderly patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of estrogen sulfotransferase(EST) and steroid sulfatase (STS) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endometrioid adenocarcinoma samples. Methods The RNA of EST and STS in 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endometrium samples were extracted using Roche products. Results The RNA expression of EST and STS were 0.25±0.03 and 0.08±0.02 respectively and the STS/EST was 0.11±0.08 in normal endometrium. While in endometrioid adenocarcinoma the RNA expression of EST and STS were 0.06±0.02 and 0.24±0.92 respectively and the STS/EST was 4.40±0.64. There were significant differences between these two groups. Conclusions (1) Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues could be used to study the endometrioid adenocarcinoma. (2) EST is decreased, STS and STS/EST are increased in human endometrioid adenocarcinoma. STS/EST may be related with the prognosis of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a new technique to prevent the dispersal of Oncomelania hupensis snail through leading flood for irrigation by floodgate in irrigation schemes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hydromechanical and biological were applied and to combine laboratory experiment with the field observation to form a new multidisciplinary regarding snail biological hydraulics and technical line. Findings including characteristics of hydraulics and biomechanics and move regulation etc. Physics parameter of snails were used to design and construct as well as to exam the effect of facilities and rebuilt floodgate which could prevent the snail dispersal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Through five years efforts, the major achievements were found as: 1) the method in testing the special gravity of snail and snail eggs was determined. 2) the special gravity of snail was (1.8 +/- 0.01) g/cm(3) and special gravity snail eggs was (2.29 +/- 0.01) g/cm(3); the classification method and classified criterion of snail size were made based on geometrical characteristics of snail shell. Six special values indicating dropping and start speed of snail in running water were obtained; Five practical formula of snail dropping and start in water were established; threshold value and movement characteristics in water were observed and tested and move mechanism of snail dispersal in water was also clarified. Based on the findings from fundamental research, the facilities of "precipitation pool for snail" and "leading water from middle level of water body" that could prevent snail dispersal were designed and rebuilt in the endemic area. Through examination to these facilities, the rate of precipitating and blocking of snails reached 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The achievement of the study provided reliable theoretical basis for the rebuilt of floodgate and to development of models that could prevent the dispersal of snail effectively.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Agriculture , Disease Vectors , Schistosomiasis , Snails , Specific GravityABSTRACT
Objective To find out the features and causes of the complications of multiple system organs failure (MSOF) in pregnancy and increase the level of its prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 13 cases with the complication of MSOF in pregnancy admitted between Feb 1992～ Jun 1999. Results There were two or more organs or systems function failure in the pregnancy. Four cases induced by infection, 5 cases induced by heart diseases, 3 cases induced by pregnancy induced hypertension, 1 case induced by amniotic fluid embolism. 12 of 13 were cured.1 was died. Among them one infant was died. Conclusions During the treatment of pregnancy with multiple system organs failure, it is important to control the causes and inducements. It is forcible to terminate pregnancy in time and choose a best style of delivery. It is better to keep watch on saving multiple system organs function.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the import way of schistosomiasis and the vector snail in Three Gorges Reservoir areas (TGR), so as to provide the reference for the surveillance, early warning of schistosomiasis.Methods A total of 256 movement population in Badong County and Zigui County and 1584 immigrants from TGR to the endemic area of Hubei Province were investigated by questionnaire, and screened by means of IHA and COPT. The farm cattle were surveyed in Badong County and Zigui County. Production of paper mills, the source of papermaking raw material, flowers and trees in gardens were investigated for snail survey. At the same time, current situation of immigrants in TGR was investigated. Social data (statistic yearbook, etc) and policy data of development of TGR were collected. Results No farm cattle from endemic area of schistosomiasis was found. In Hubei reach of TGR, the movenment population were mainly from the endemic area of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province. The positive rate of both IHA and COPY was 0 57%(1/175); the positive rate of both IHA in emigrants from TGR was 1 01%(12/1186). No Oncomelania snail was found in the introduced flowers and trees in garden. In paper mills, no reed from the endemic area of schistosomiasis was found. Migrants′ living and sanitary condition were improved after moving,but the production was not well arranged. Orange industry, travel industry, animal husbandry and fishery should be developed preferentially in the future. Conclusion Migrants from TGR to the endemic area of schistosomiasis and the movement population will be the mainly infection source. The problem on cattle as the infection source should be paid attention. It can't be excluded that snail will enter TGR together with the raw material for paper mills or flowers and trees. To develop orange industry will be good for the control of schistosomiasis; but the development of animal husbandry, fishery and travel industry will increase the risk of import of the infection source and snails to TGR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the dynamic changes of snail situation and wild faeces pollution in marshlands in the pilot areas after leveling embankment for flood running and moving people from outside embankment to town for providing the scientific basis of schistosomiasis control in the same type areas. Methods Shishou City,Jiangxia District,Tuanfeng County and Huangzhou District were selected as the pilot areas. Snails were surveyed by the systematic and environmental sampling. Wild faeces were also investigated. The data were processed by Excel. Results Snail areas in Huangzhou Yeluzhou increased by 12.71%,in the others it did not change. For the snail density,there was a decline trend in Jiangxia Sanjiaozhou from 1999 to 2001,but it increased in 2002 obviously;in Huangzhou Yeluzhou it decreased in 2000,but increased again from 2001 to 2002;in Tuanfeng Luohuozhou it was fluctuation;it did not change in Shishou Fuxingzhou. Except Shishou City,the other three sites had infected snails distribution. The densities of wild faeces in the pilot areas were 1.14～15.60/hm~2. The positive rates of wild faeces were 1.35%～37.21%. Conclusion The marshlands in pilot areas were seriously polluted by wild faeces. There seemed to be an increase trend in the snail density. Snail areas did not change significantly in the last few years. However,the high transmission areas will expand. So the snail survey and snail control should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the increment of molluscicidal effect and reduction of the cost as well as increasing snail control area by complex commercial molluscicides. Methods Nicotinanilide and niclosamide were combined with the proportion of 1∶1 (The complex of short term was complex molluscicide), and then the snail control tests by immersion and spraying methods were performed using the complex molluscicide in laboratory and field. Meanwhile, the snails climbing from water as they contacted with molluscicide was observed. Results Under the temperature 23-25℃ in lab and 8-19℃ in the field, 0.4 mg/L of the complex by immersion for 48 h, the mortalities of the snails were 100% and 97% respectively. Using 0.4 g/m 2 of complex by spraying for 48 h in lab and the field, the mortalities of the snails were 100% and 81.1% respectively. The rate of snails climbing from water in the complex group decreased by 72.1% compared with the nicotinanilide group. The difference between the two groups was obviously significant (P
ABSTRACT
Objective To master the trend of schistosomiasis epidemic by means of established observation points and give the scientific reference for the control decision making henceforth. Methods Three villages of schistosomiasis with highly prevalence in Hubei Province were selected as observation points, and their epidemiological status were observed from 1990-1998. Results The schistosomiasis prevalence was considerably decreasing in the 3 villages, from high epidemic areas into medium or light areas. Conclusion It is a right tactic to use the selective population chemotherapy and control snail in high transmission areas of schistosomiasis in high epidemic areas.