ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of fluid overload related to mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and evolution to discharge or death in critically ill children. Methods A retrospective study in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for two years. Patients who required invasive ventilatory support and vasopressor and/or inotropic medications were considered critically ill. Results 70 patients were included. The mean age was 6.8 ± 6 years. There was a tolerable increase in fluid overload during hospitalization, with a median of 2.45% on the first day, 5.10% on the third day, and 8.39% on the tenth day. The median fluid overload on the third day among those patients in pressure support ventilation mode was 4.80% while the median of those who remained on controlled ventilation was 8.45% (p = 0.039). Statistical significance was observed in the correlations between fluid overload measurements on the first, third, and tenth days of hospitalization and the beginning of renal replacement therapy (p = 0.049) and between renal replacement therapy and death (p = 0.01). The median fluid overload was 7.50% in patients who died versus 4.90% in those who did not die on the third day of hospitalization (p = 0.064). There was no statistically significant association between death and the variables sex or age. Conclusions The fluid overload on the third day of hospitalization proved to be a determinant for the clinical outcomes of weaning from mechanical ventilation, initiation of renal replacement therapy, discharge from the intensive care unit, or death among these children.
ABSTRACT
O comprometimento do sistema respiratório é uma das principais causas de atendimento a crianças nos serviços de emergência, com a gravidade variando desde quadro leve e autolimitado até doença fatal. A insuficiência respiratória aguda não reconhecida é a principal causa de parada cardíaca na população pediátrica. A capacidade de produzir um diagnóstico precoce, reconhecer e manejar adequadamente o comprometimento respiratório em crianças é habilidade essencial para médicos que trabalham em serviços de urgência. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma abordagem, por meio de uma avaliação sistemática, que permita diagnóstico precoce e manejo inicial do comprometimento respiratório agudo em crianças atendidas em serviços de emergência.
Diseases of the respiratory system are some of the leading causes of child care in emergency services, with severity ranging from mild and self-limiting to life-threatening. Undetected acute respiratory failure is the main cause of cardiac arrest in children. The ability to recognize, produce an early diagnosis, and properly manage respiratory impairments in children are essential skills for doctors working in emergency services. The purpose of this article is to present an approach to systematic evaluation so as to enable early diagnosis and initial management of acute respiratory failure in children in emergency services.
ABSTRACT
Choque séptico e sepse grave são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças. Iniciativas que promovem o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento agressivo pelos médicos que fazem o primeiro atendimento podem reduzir a mortalidade relacionada à sepse de maneira significativa. Este artigo é uma atualização terapêutica sobre o tratamento do choque séptico em pediatria na primeira hora após o diagnóstico, direcionada para médicos que atuam em serviços de emergências e enfermarias pediátricas.
Severe sepsis and septic shock are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment by doctors who provide the first care can reduce sepsis-related mortality significantly. This is therapeutic update on the treatment of septic shock in pediatrics at the first hours after diagnosis, targeted to physicians who work in emergency departments and pediatric wards.